高中英語從句總結(jié)

1、. .jz*1主語從句1.定義：用作主語的從句叫做主語從句。2.構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句3.引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：1 附屬連詞that.如：that they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明顯，她們確是親姐妹，她們的臉型很相似。2附屬連詞whether.如：whether hell e here isnt clear.他是否會(huì)來這里還不清楚。3連接代詞who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 連接副詞wher

2、e， when，how，why.如：what she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。how this happened is not clear to anyone. 這事怎樣發(fā)生的，誰也不清楚。whoever es is wele. 不管誰來都?xì)g送。wherever you are is my home my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家我唯一的家。解釋：1.主語從句能用it 作形式上的主語。常以it 作形式主語的句型有：a.it+be+ 形容詞obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，fu

3、nny， possible， likely， certain，probable，etc.+that 從句。如：it is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫無疑問她考試成績(jī)會(huì)很好。it is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告訴她了。b.it+be+ 名詞詞組 no wonder， an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc.+that 從句。如：it s a pity that we can t go.很遺憾我們不能去。it s no s

4、urprise that our team should have won the game. 我們沒贏這場(chǎng)比賽真意外。c.it+be+ 過去分詞 said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged ，etc.+that從句。如：it is said that mr.green has arrived in beijing.據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到了。it is reported that china has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. 據(jù)報(bào)道中國(guó)又成功地發(fā)射了一顆

5、人造地球衛(wèi)星。d.it+seem， happen等不及物動(dòng)詞及短語+that 從句。如：it seems that alice is not ing to the party at all.alice 似乎不來參加晚會(huì)。it happened that i was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。e.it+doesn t mattermakes no difference，etc.+ 連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。如：it doesnt matter whether she will e or not.她是否來這無關(guān)緊要。it makes no difference where

6、 we shall have the meeting. 我們?cè)谀睦镩_會(huì)毫無區(qū)別。f.當(dāng) that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時(shí)，要以it 作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如：is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week ？ 下周那位科學(xué)家將給我們作報(bào)告是真的嗎？does it matter much that they will not e tomorrow ？ 他們明天不來很要緊嗎？g.當(dāng)主語從句出現(xiàn)在感慨句中時(shí)，要以it 作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如：how strange it is that the c

7、hildren are so quiet！ 孩子們這么安靜真奇怪！2.注意連接代詞whoever， whatever，whichever 等引導(dǎo)主語從句的含義。whoever es will be wele. whoever=the person who來的人將受到歡送。whatever he did was right. whatever=the thing that他所做的事情是正確的。. .jz*whichever of you es in will receive a prize.whichever=anyone of you who你們當(dāng)中不管哪個(gè)進(jìn)來將會(huì)得到獎(jiǎng)2表語從句1.定義：用

8、作表語的從句叫做表語從句。2.構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句3.引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的種類：1附屬連詞that.如：the trouble is that i have lost his address. 麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。2附屬連詞whether，as，as if.如：he looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起來還與十年前一樣。the question is whether they will be able to help us. 問題是他們是否能幫我們。注：附屬連詞if 一般不用來引導(dǎo)表語從句，但as if 卻可引導(dǎo)表語從句，如

9、：all this was over twenty years ago ，but its as if it was only yesterday. 這都是 20 多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一樣。能跟表語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般為系動(dòng)詞be，seem ，look 等。如：it looked as if it was going to rain.看起來天要下雨了。3連接代詞who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 連接副詞where， when，how，why. 如： the problem is who we can get to repl

10、ace her. 問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。the question is how he did it.問題是他是如何做此事的。that was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。解釋：1.連詞 because可引導(dǎo)表語從句。如：i think it is because you are doing too much.我想這是因?yàn)槟阕龅锰唷?.在一些表示“建議、勸說、命令的名詞后面的表語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣。should+動(dòng)詞原形表示， should 可省略。如：my suggestion i

11、s that we shouldstart early tomorrow.我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。3賓語從句1.定義：用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。2.構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句。3.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：1附屬連詞that.如：he told us that he felt ill.他對(duì)我們說他感到不舒服。i know he has returned.我知道他已經(jīng)回來了。注： that 在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)也并不是任何情況下都可以省略。在以下情況下，that 不能省略。1.everybody could see what happened and that tom was frightened

12、. and連接兩個(gè)賓語從句，that 賓語從句放在 and 的后面時(shí)， that 不能省略。大家都會(huì)看出所發(fā)生的事情并知道tom 非常害怕。2.i know nothing about him except that he is from the south.that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞賓語時(shí)，that不能省略。對(duì)他我一無所知，只知道他是南方人。3.that he ever said such a thing i simply don t believe.that 從句位于句首時(shí)，that 不可省略。我簡(jiǎn)直不相信他曾說過這樣的話。4.we decided ，in view of his sp

13、ecial circumstances ， that we would admit him for a probationary period.主句謂語動(dòng)詞與that 從句之間有插入語，that 不可省略。. .jz*鑒于他的特殊情況，我們決定應(yīng)允他一段試用期。2附屬連詞if/whether. 如：i doubt whether he will succeed.我疑心他是否會(huì)成功。i dont know if you can help me.我不知道你能否幫助我。3連接代詞who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 連接副詞wher

14、e， when，how，why. 如：who or what he was，martin never learned. 他是什么人？他是干什么的？馬丁根本不知道。i wonder what he s writing to me about.我不知道他要給我寫信說什么事。ill tell you why i asked you to e.我會(huì)告訴你我為什么要你來。you may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。1介詞賓語從句賓語從句也可用作介詞的賓語。如：he was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day. 他對(duì)那

15、天發(fā)生的事感到很不快。i walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。i am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要說什么。your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it. 你是否成功將主要取決于你做什么和怎樣做。有時(shí)介詞可以省略。如：i dont care for who marries him.我不管誰跟他結(jié)婚。be careful as tohow you do that.你要注意做這件事的方式。解釋：1.如果賓語從句后還有賓

16、語補(bǔ)足語，那么用it 作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置。如：we thought it strange that xiao wang did not e yesterday. 我們認(rèn)為小王昨天沒來是奇怪的。he has made it clear that he will not give in. 他已說明他不會(huì)屈服。2.作介詞的賓語：連詞that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語，只用在except，but，in 后。其他一些介詞的賓語從句如果由連詞that 引導(dǎo)，那么需用it 先行一步，作形式賓語。如：he is a good student except that he is careles

17、s. 他是一個(gè)好學(xué)生，只是有點(diǎn)粗心。you may rely on it that i shall help you.你可以指望我會(huì)幫助你的。介詞賓語不可以用which 來引導(dǎo)，而要用what 來引導(dǎo)。如：are you sorry for what youve done？你為你所做的一切感到內(nèi)疚嗎？3.某些形容詞或過去分詞后常接賓語從句，這類形容詞或過去分詞有sure，glad，certain，pleased ，happy，afraid，surprised，satisfied等，連詞that 可省略。如：i am not sure what i ought to do. 我不能確定我該做什么

18、。im afraid you dont understand what i said. 恐怕你沒領(lǐng)會(huì)我說的意思。im surprised that i didnt see all that before. 我好奇怪，我以前沒看到過。. .jz*mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams. 媽媽為她的女兒通過了考試而感到快樂。4.連詞 whether or not或 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句if 和 whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可以互換使用，但 whether 常和 or not 連用，if 一般不與or not 連用。如：i

19、 wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。用 if 引導(dǎo)賓語從句如果會(huì)引起歧義，應(yīng)防止使用if 而用 wheter.試比擬：please let me know if you want to go. please let me know whether you want to go. if 從句可理解為賓語從句，意為“請(qǐng)告訴我你是否想去；此句又可理解為條件狀語從句意為“如果你想去的話，請(qǐng)告訴我一聲。5.賓語從句的否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移。在think ，believe，suppose，expect等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句，有時(shí)謂語盡管是否認(rèn)意思，卻不用否認(rèn)形式，而將th

20、ink 等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉裾J(rèn)形式。如：i dont think you are right.我認(rèn)為你錯(cuò)了。i dont believe they have finished their work yet.我相信他們還未完成他們的工作。i dont suppose he cares ， does he ？ 我想他不在意，是嗎？6.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)變化規(guī)律：1當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句可根據(jù)需要用任何時(shí)態(tài)。2當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句只能使用過去x 圍內(nèi)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。但客觀真理除外。如：the teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 教師說地球繞著

21、太陽運(yùn)行。4同位語從句1.定義：用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句。2.用法：同位語從句的先行詞多為fact，news，idea，thought，question，reply，report，remark 等，關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用附屬連詞that.如：they were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 對(duì)你生病這件事，他們都很焦慮。where did you get the idea that i could not e？你在哪兒聽說我不能來？early in the day came the news that germany

22、had declared war on russia. 德國(guó)已對(duì)俄國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)的消息一大早就傳來了。注：同位語從句偶爾由附屬連詞whether 引導(dǎo)。如：i have no idea whether he ll e or not.我不知道他是否來。連接代詞 who，which，what 和連接副詞where，when，why，how 亦可引導(dǎo)同位語從句。the question who should do the work requires consideration. 誰該干這項(xiàng)工作，這個(gè)問題需要考慮。we havent yet settled the question where we are

23、going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪兒去度暑假，這個(gè)問題我們還沒有決定。it is a question how he did it. 那是一個(gè)他如何做了此事的問題。解釋：1.that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句之區(qū)別that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句句法功能上. .jz*that 只起連接從句的作用，無意義。在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分。不可省。that 替代先行詞在從句中不僅起連接作用，還充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分。如在從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)可省略。意義上從句是被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容。從句起限定作用，是定語如： the news that mr.li wil

24、l be our new english teacher is true.同位語從句，that 不可省。李先生將是我們的新英語教師這個(gè)消息是真的。the news that he told me yesterday is true. 定語從句，that 在從句中作told 的賓語，可省。他昨天告訴我的消息是真的。2.一些表示“建議、命令、要求的名詞后所跟的同位語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣should+動(dòng)詞原形表示。should 可省。如：this is our only request that this shouldbe settled as soon as possible. 這就是我們唯

25、一的請(qǐng)求：盡快解決這個(gè)問題。6不定式的構(gòu)成1.不定式的構(gòu)成不定式是由不定式符號(hào)to+ 動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，在某些情況下to 也可省略。不定式一般有時(shí)式和語態(tài)的變化，通常有下表中的幾種形式以do 為例：主動(dòng)式to do 被動(dòng)式to be done 完成式 to have done /to have been done 進(jìn)展式to be doing 完成進(jìn)展式to have been doing 1不定式的一般式不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作通常與主要謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。如：they invited us to go there this summer.他們邀請(qǐng)我們今年夏天去那兒

26、。he stood aside for me to pass. 他站到一邊讓我通過。2不定式的完成式不定式的完成式所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語所表示的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生，它在句中可作表語、狀語、賓語，有時(shí)也可作主語、定語等。如：she seemed to have heard about this matter. 她似乎已聽說過這件事。i meant to have told you about it，but i happened to have an important thing to do. 我本來想告訴你這件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。3不定式的進(jìn)展式不定式的進(jìn)展式表示正在進(jìn)展的與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。它在句中可以用作除謂語以外的所有成分。如：it s nice of you to be helping us these