國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)總結(jié)1

1、Chapter 5 International Trade Terms1. FOB: Free on board (.named port of shipment)（裝運(yùn)港船上交貨）n The risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when these goods pass over the ships rail at the named port of shipment.n The seller doesnt need to rent vessel. Althoug

2、h seller can accept the commission of buyer to rent vessel, buyer still need to be charge of the fee and risk.n Only suitable for marine traffic.n As the loading of the goods is a continuous process, it is hard to use ships rail as a point to divide responsibilities and costs. To avoid any dispute,

3、there are several derived terms.u FOB Liner Termsu FOB Under Tackleu FOB Stowedu FOB Trimmed2. CIF: Cost Insurance and Freight （成本、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)加運(yùn)費(fèi)）n The risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when these goods pass over the ships rail at the named port of shipment.n

4、 The seller must pay the costs and freight from shipment to destination.n The seller is obliged to arrange marine insurance. (The seller arranges insurance only on minimum cover.)n CIF 屬于象征性交貨（Symbolic Delivery)，即賣(mài)方憑單交貨，買(mǎi)方憑單付款n Suitable for marine traffic.n To stipulate clearly the responsibility an

5、d cost of unloading, CIF also has some derived terms:u CIF Liner Termsu CIF landedu CIF Ex Tackleu CIF Ex Ships Hold3. CFR: Cost and Freight（成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)價(jià)）n The risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when these goods pass over the ships rail at the named port of

6、shipment.n The seller must pay the costs and freight from shipment to destination. .n The seller doesnt need to buy insurance. Under this condition, the seller should send shipping notice to the buyer. n Suitable for marine traffic.n To stipulate clearly the responsibility and cost of unloading, CIF

7、 also has some derived terms:u CFR Liner Termsu CFR landedu CFR Ex Tackleu CFR Ex Ships Hold4. FCA: Free Carrier （貨交承運(yùn)人）n The risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer at the time the nominated carrier accepts them at the prescribed place.n If delivery occurs

8、 at the sellers premises, the seller is responsible for loading. If delivery occurs at any other place, the seller is not responsible for unloading.5. CPT: Carriage Paid to （運(yùn)費(fèi)付至）n This term means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay

9、the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination. n The buyer bears all risks and any other costs occurring after the goods have been so delivered.n The seller is responsible for signing the contract in designated place to carry and pay for related fee.6. CIP: Carriage and

10、Insurance Paid to （運(yùn)費(fèi)、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)付至）n The buyer bears all risks and any other costs occurring after the goods have been so delivered.n The seller is responsible for signing the contract in designated place to carry and pay for related fee.n The seller must arrange the insurancen The seller arranges insuranc

11、e only on minimum cover. Should the buyer wish to have the protection of greater cover, he would either need to agree as such expressly with the seller or to make his own extra insurance arrangements.7. EXW: Ex Works （工廠交貨） The terms means the seller delivers when he places the goods at the disposal

12、 of the buyer at the sellers premises or another named place not cleared for export and not loaded on any collecting vehicle. The sellers obligations cease when the buyer accepts the goods at the factory or warehouse. By using the term, the seller minimizes his obligations while the buyer obtains at

13、 the lowest possible price.8. FAS: Free Alongside Ship （裝運(yùn)港船邊交貨）n This term means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the vessel at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that moment.n The

14、buyer needs to give the seller prompt notice of the name of the vessel, loading berth and delivery dates.9. DAF: Delivered at Frontier （邊境交貨）This term means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport not unloaded, cleared for im

15、port at the named point and place at the frontier, and before the customs border of the adjoining country.10. DES: Delivered Ex Ship （目的港船上交貨）n Seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on board the ship not cleared for import at the named port of destination. n The sell

16、er has to bear all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to the named port of destination before dischargingn This term can be used only when the goods are to be delivered by sea or inland waterway or multimodal transport on a vessel in the port of destination.11. DEQ: Delivered Ex Quay

17、 （目的港碼頭交貨）n The seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer not cleared for import on the quay at the named port of destination. n The seller has to bear costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to the named port of destination and discharging the goods on the quay.

18、賣(mài)方要將貨物卸到岸上，并承擔(dān)卸貨費(fèi)12. DDU: Delivered Duty Unpaid （未完稅后交貨）n The seller delivers the goods to the buyer, not cleared for import, and not unloaded from any arriving means of transport at the named place of destination. n The seller has to bear the cost and risks involved in bringing the goods thereto, o

19、ther than, where applicable, any “duty” for import in the country of destination. 13. DDP: Delivered Duty Paid （完稅后交貨）n The seller delivers the goods to the buyer, cleared for import, and not unloaded from any arriving means of transport at the named place of destination. n The seller has to bear al

20、l the cost and risks involved in bringing the goods thereto, other than, where applicable, any “duty” for import in the country of destination. Summary for all items一、各組貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)（一）E組術(shù)語(yǔ)（啟運(yùn)術(shù)語(yǔ)，Departure）（二）F組術(shù)語(yǔ)（主運(yùn)費(fèi)未付術(shù)語(yǔ)，Main Carriage Unpaid)v F組術(shù)語(yǔ)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃分界限和費(fèi)用劃分界限不相分離v 象征性交貨（FAS屬于實(shí)際交貨）v 屬于裝運(yùn)合同（三）C組術(shù)語(yǔ)（主運(yùn)費(fèi)已付術(shù)語(yǔ)，M

21、ain Carriage Paid)v C組術(shù)語(yǔ)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃分界限和費(fèi)用劃分界限相分離v 屬于裝運(yùn)合同。v 象征性交貨（四）D組術(shù)語(yǔ)（到達(dá)術(shù)語(yǔ)，Arrival)v 以D組術(shù)語(yǔ)成交的合同屬于到達(dá)合同。v D組術(shù)語(yǔ)中, 除DEQ下賣(mài)方負(fù)責(zé)卸貨外,其余的術(shù)語(yǔ)下賣(mài)方均不負(fù)責(zé)卸貨.二.重要術(shù)語(yǔ)概念及區(qū)別1. FOB 根據(jù)FOB術(shù)語(yǔ)買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)界點(diǎn)在裝運(yùn)港的船舷，貨物在裝運(yùn)港越過(guò)船舷以前的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)賣(mài)方承擔(dān)，越過(guò)船舷以后的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)買(mǎi)方承擔(dān)。2. CIF CIF合同典型象征性交貨，即賣(mài)方憑單交貨，買(mǎi)方憑單付款，只要賣(mài)方所提交的單據(jù)是齊全的、正確的，即使貨物在運(yùn)輸途中滅失，買(mǎi)方仍需付款，不得拒付。 賣(mài)方只需投保最低的險(xiǎn)別

22、，并由買(mǎi)方承擔(dān)費(fèi)用，但在買(mǎi)方要求時(shí)，可在買(mǎi)方承擔(dān)費(fèi)用的情況下，加保戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)。3. CFRCFR合同中賣(mài)方要及時(shí)發(fā)出裝船通知(shipping advice)的義務(wù)，若未及時(shí)通知，會(huì)致風(fēng)險(xiǎn)推遲轉(zhuǎn)移。4. FCA 買(mǎi)方負(fù)責(zé)訂立運(yùn)輸契約，指定承運(yùn)人到裝運(yùn)地點(diǎn)接貨，買(mǎi)方可以委托賣(mài)方代辦運(yùn)輸事項(xiàng)，但此項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用均由買(mǎi)方承擔(dān)。所以如果賣(mài)方租不到船、訂不到艙的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)應(yīng)由買(mǎi)方承擔(dān)。 5. CIP VS CIF相同：都包括保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)差別：CIF適合水上運(yùn)輸，交貨地點(diǎn)在裝運(yùn)港，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃分以船舷為界，賣(mài)方負(fù)責(zé)租船訂艙、支付從裝運(yùn)港到目的港的運(yùn)費(fèi)，并辦理水上運(yùn)輸險(xiǎn)，支付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)。 CIP適合各種運(yùn)輸方式，交互地點(diǎn)要根據(jù)運(yùn)

23、輸方式的不同由雙方約定，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是在承運(yùn)人控制貨物時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移。賣(mài)方要辦理從交貨地點(diǎn)到指定目的地的全程運(yùn)輸（而不僅僅是水上運(yùn)輸）。賣(mài)方辦理的保險(xiǎn)也要包括全程運(yùn)輸險(xiǎn)（而不僅僅是水上運(yùn)輸險(xiǎn)）。 6. FCA、CPT、CIP VS FOB、CFR、CIF相同點(diǎn)：都是象征性交貨術(shù)語(yǔ)。不同點(diǎn)1、適合的運(yùn)輸方式不同ñ FOB 、CFR、CIF，適合單純海運(yùn)。 ñ FCA、CPT、CIP，適合多種運(yùn)輸。2、交貨地點(diǎn)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移點(diǎn)不同ª FOB 、CFR、CIF，交貨地點(diǎn)均在裝運(yùn)港船上 ，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)均在越過(guò)船舷時(shí)從賣(mài)方轉(zhuǎn)移給買(mǎi)方。ª FCA、CPT、CIP，交貨地點(diǎn)也在出口地，但具體地點(diǎn)

24、根據(jù)不同的運(yùn)輸方式和不同的約定而定。貨物滅失或損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，在買(mǎi)方或其代理人將貨物交由承運(yùn)人保管時(shí)，由賣(mài)方轉(zhuǎn)移給買(mǎi)方。 3、裝卸費(fèi)用負(fù)擔(dān)不同ª FOB 、CFR、CIF，因運(yùn)輸僅限于船舶運(yùn)行，因此，在FOB合同中，要明確裝船費(fèi)用由何方負(fù)責(zé)；在CFR、CIF合同中則要明確卸貨費(fèi)用由何方承擔(dān)ª FCA、CPT、CIP，如果涉及海洋運(yùn)輸兵使用租船裝運(yùn)，則買(mǎi)方將貨物交給承運(yùn)人所支付的運(yùn)費(fèi)（CPT、CIP）?；蛴少I(mǎi)方支付的運(yùn)費(fèi)（FCA），已經(jīng)包含了承運(yùn)人接管貨物后在裝運(yùn)港的裝船費(fèi)用和目的港的卸貨費(fèi)用。因此，F(xiàn)CA、CPT、CIP合同中不存在FOB 、CFR、CIF合同中的卸貨費(fèi)用由誰(shuí)負(fù)

25、擔(dān)的問(wèn)題 4、運(yùn)輸單據(jù)不同ª FOB 、CFR、CIF，賣(mài)方一般向買(mǎi)方提交已裝船的清潔提單ª FCA、CPT、CIP，如果在海運(yùn)和內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸方式下，賣(mài)方應(yīng)提供海運(yùn)單和內(nèi)河運(yùn)單；如果在鐵路、公路、航空運(yùn)輸或多式聯(lián)運(yùn)方式下，則賣(mài)方要分別提供鐵路運(yùn)單、公路運(yùn)單、航空運(yùn)輸單或多式聯(lián)運(yùn)提單Chapter 7 International Cargo TransportModes of Transportl Ocean Carriage/ Ocean Shipping/ Marine Transportationu Liner Transport 班輪運(yùn)輸或定期運(yùn)輸n Four fixed

26、 factors: regular line, regular port, regular timetable, comparatively fixed freightn Liner FreightConsist: à基本運(yùn)費(fèi)(Basic freight)+附加運(yùn)費(fèi)(surcharges) à 基本運(yùn)費(fèi)一般根據(jù)等級(jí)費(fèi)率運(yùn)價(jià)表計(jì)算。 à 等級(jí)費(fèi)率運(yùn)價(jià)表是由貨物分級(jí)表和航線等級(jí)費(fèi)率表構(gòu)成。貨物分級(jí)表將各種貨物按一定方式分為120級(jí)，并表明計(jì)費(fèi)方法，航線費(fèi)率表規(guī)定不同航線上120級(jí)貨物的單位費(fèi)率。 à 附加費(fèi)：燃油附加費(fèi)、港口附加費(fèi)、轉(zhuǎn)船附加費(fèi)、繞航附加費(fèi)、超

27、長(zhǎng)超重附加費(fèi)、貨幣貶值附加費(fèi)、變更卸貨港附加費(fèi)、直航附加費(fèi)、選港附加費(fèi)等。Formula: 運(yùn)費(fèi)總額=基本運(yùn)費(fèi)率X（1+附加費(fèi)用率之和）X貨物數(shù)量u Charter Transportn Modes of charter transportØ Voyage Charter 定程租船或航次租船Under a voyage charter, payment by the charter is usually based on an agreed rate per ton for a full and complete cargo.Ø Time Charter 定期租船Chart

28、er a ship for a certain time span. Ø Bare Boat Charter(BBC) 光船租船或凈船期租All what a shipper charters is the vessel itself. The charter is responsible for crewing, provisioning and fuelling, maintaining and even paying different taxes or duties.Ø Time Charter on Trip Basis (TCT) 航次期租n Charter F

29、reightØ 定程租船運(yùn)費(fèi)的支付方式運(yùn)費(fèi)預(yù)付(Freight Prepaid)：CIF就是這種運(yùn)費(fèi)到付(Freight Collected)Ø Rate of freight（運(yùn)費(fèi)率）Ø Lump-sum freight（整船包價(jià)）Ø Loading and unloading charges under voyage charter（程租船的裝卸費(fèi)）船方負(fù)擔(dān)裝貨費(fèi)和卸貨費(fèi)（Gross Terms）船方管裝不管卸（FO，F(xiàn)ree Out）船方管卸不管裝（FI，F(xiàn)ree In）船方裝和卸均不管（FIO，F(xiàn)ree In and Out）l Rail Tra

30、nsportl Air Transportl Container Transportl International Multimodal Transportl Land Bridge Transportl Othersn Road Transportationn Inland Water Transportationn Parcel Post Transportn Pipeline TransportationClause of Shipmentl Time of shipment裝運(yùn)時(shí)間à Pay attention to: Time of Shipment 裝運(yùn)時(shí)間& T

31、ime of Delivery 交貨時(shí)間l Port of Shipment and Port of Destination 裝運(yùn)港（地）和目的港（地）à Its suitable to Group F and Group Cl Shipping Advice 裝運(yùn)通知l Partial Shipment and Transshipment 分批裝運(yùn)和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)n Partial shipmentà 在不同時(shí)間將不同港口的貨物裝在同一航次、同一條船上，由于這條船上所在的貨物同時(shí)到達(dá)目的港，故不能稱(chēng)其為分批裝運(yùn)。à Partial shipments allowed

32、24; Partial shipments prohibitedn Transshipmentà 買(mǎi)房出售的貨物，如沒(méi)有直達(dá)船駛往目的港或船期不固定或航次間隔時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)，為了方便裝運(yùn)，買(mǎi)方往往要求在合同中增加允許轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的條款。l Lay time, Demurrage and Dispatch 裝卸時(shí)間、滯期費(fèi)和速遣費(fèi) à 這些術(shù)語(yǔ)只在程租船運(yùn)輸方式下才出現(xiàn)，而且實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)中，負(fù)責(zé)裝卸貨物的不一定是租船人，而是買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同中的一方當(dāng)事人，所以在買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同中要規(guī)定以上幾項(xiàng)。n Lay time: is the time allowed for the completion of load

33、ing and unloading, and it is usually expressed by days or hours.Ø Days or Running Days 日: including bad weather days, Sundays or any other holidays, unfavorable to the shipper.Ø Weather Working Days of 24 Hours 累計(jì)24小時(shí)晴天工作日: excluding Sundays, holidays and rainy days, favorable for shipper

34、but unfavorable for shipowner.Ø Weather Working Days of 24 Consecutive Hours 連續(xù)24小時(shí)晴天工作日: excluding the bad weather time period, suitable for ports that operate day and night.n Demurrage: is an extra charge a shipper pays for detaining a freight car or ship beyond time permitted for loading or

35、unloading. 負(fù)責(zé)裝卸的一方未按約定的裝卸時(shí)間及裝卸率完成裝卸任務(wù)，應(yīng)向船方支付一定的罰金。n Dispatch: is an amount paid by a vessels operator to a charter if loading or unloading is completed in less time than stipulated in the charter agreement. 提前完成裝卸任務(wù)，可從船方領(lǐng)取一定的獎(jiǎng)金à 一般情況下，速遣費(fèi)是滯期費(fèi)的一半。Ocean Bill of Lading B/LChapter 8 Cargo Insurance

36、1. Marine Insurance 海上保險(xiǎn)Risk:l Perils of the Sea 海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Ø natural calamity 自然災(zāi)害Ø fortuitous accidents 意外事故: fire, explosion, vessel being stranded, grounded擱淺l Extraneous Risks 外來(lái)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Ø General Extraneous: theft and pilferage, contamination, leakage, short deliveryØ Special Extraneous:

37、 war, strike, failure to deliver due to some special laws or regulationsLosses (average):l Total lossØ Actual Total LossØ Constructive Total Lossl Partial lossØ General Average 共同海損: ü all parties are bound together in the “adventure”.ü to save the ship and some of the cargo

38、, part of the cargo or vessel have to besacrificed.Ø Particular Average 單獨(dú)海損ü damage part of the shippers cargo and no one elses cargo has to be sacrificed to save the voyage.ü the party who suffer the damage should take the responsibility. à Difference between GA and PA: 造成海損的原因

39、不同承擔(dān)損失的責(zé)任方不同損失的內(nèi)容不同Expenses: for the rescue of insured cargol Sue and Labor Expenses 施救費(fèi)用l Salvage Charge/ Salvage 救助費(fèi)用à Difference between SE and SC施救費(fèi)用救助費(fèi)用采取行為的主體不同由“被保險(xiǎn)人及其代理人、雇傭人和受讓人”采取行動(dòng)所發(fā)生的費(fèi)用。指保險(xiǎn)人和被保險(xiǎn)人以外的第三方救助者采取行動(dòng)所應(yīng)取得的救助報(bào)酬。保險(xiǎn)人賠償?shù)那疤岵煌瑹o(wú)論施救行動(dòng)是否取得效果，保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)于合理支出的施救費(fèi)用均予賠償。是在救助行為取得效果的前提下，由保險(xiǎn)人賠償被保險(xiǎn)

40、人所支付的救助報(bào)酬。保險(xiǎn)人的賠償限度不同保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)施救費(fèi)用可在賠償保險(xiǎn)貨物本身的損失金額以外，最多再賠償一個(gè)保險(xiǎn)金額。是以不超過(guò)獲救財(cái)產(chǎn)的價(jià)值為限，也就是說(shuō)，救助費(fèi)用與保險(xiǎn)貨物本身?yè)p失的賠償金額兩者相加，不超過(guò)貨物的保險(xiǎn)金額。是否是共同海損費(fèi)用一般總是與共同海損相聯(lián)系，因而救助費(fèi)用往往是共同海損費(fèi)用的一部分，是為了使保險(xiǎn)財(cái)產(chǎn)及其他財(cái)產(chǎn)避免遭受共同危險(xiǎn)而自愿且合理地支出的費(fèi)用。往往僅僅是為了被保險(xiǎn)人一方的利益。Scope of Insurance Coverage:l Basic coverage Ø FPA (Free from Particular Average) 平安險(xiǎn)Ø

41、; WPA (With Particular average) 水漬險(xiǎn)Ø All Risks 一切險(xiǎn)-à 平安險(xiǎn)只承保海上意外事故造成的全部和部分損失以及自然災(zāi)害造成的全部損失，對(duì)自然災(zāi)害造成的部分損失不負(fù)責(zé)；-à 水漬險(xiǎn)承保海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)造成的全部或部分損失。à 一切險(xiǎn)在水漬險(xiǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，再加上一般外來(lái)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)所造成的全部或部分損失。l Additional coverageØ General additional risksn 偷竊提貨不著險(xiǎn)（Theft, Pilferage and Non-Delivery:TPND）n 淡水雨淋險(xiǎn)（Fresh Wa

42、ter and Rain Damage：FWRD）n 滲漏險(xiǎn)（Risk of Leakage）n 短量險(xiǎn)（Risk of Shortage）n 鉤損險(xiǎn)（Hook Damage）n 污染險(xiǎn)（Risk of Contamination）n 碰損破碎險(xiǎn)（Risk of Clash and Breakage）n 銹損險(xiǎn)（Risk of Rust）n 串味險(xiǎn)（Risk of Odour）n 受潮受熱險(xiǎn)（Damage Caused by Heating and Sweating）n 包裝破裂險(xiǎn)（Breakage of packing)Ø Special additional risksn 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)

43、（War risk）：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)行為、敵對(duì)行為、武裝沖突和海盜行為 僅限于水面危險(xiǎn)，若不卸離海輪，則以貨物到達(dá)目的港當(dāng)日午夜起15天為限。n 罷工險(xiǎn)（Risk of Strike,Riots and Civil Commotions:SRCC 罷工暴動(dòng)民變險(xiǎn)）：罷工險(xiǎn)的保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任期間是“倉(cāng)至倉(cāng)”；已投保戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)又加保罷工險(xiǎn)時(shí)，一般不另行收費(fèi)。n 交貨不到險(xiǎn)（Failure to deliver）n 進(jìn)口關(guān)稅險(xiǎn)（Import duty risk）n 艙面險(xiǎn)（On deck risk）n 拒收險(xiǎn)（Rejection risk）n 黃曲霉素險(xiǎn)（Aflatoxin risk）n 存?zhèn)}火險(xiǎn)責(zé)任擴(kuò)展條款Commen

44、cement and termination of insurance duty under basic insurancel Definition of W/W clause(倉(cāng)至倉(cāng)條款)u 貨物在目的港卸離海輪60天后，不論是否進(jìn)入收貨人倉(cāng)庫(kù)，保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任均終止。u 貨物在卸貨港卸貨后，如需運(yùn)往保險(xiǎn)單載明的某一地點(diǎn)分配或分派，則自貨物運(yùn)抵該分配或分派地點(diǎn)時(shí)，保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任即終止。u 貨物卸離海輪后，需轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)到非保險(xiǎn)單載明的目的地時(shí)，保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任在轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)開(kāi)始時(shí)終止。l Commencement and termination of insurance duty under different trade te

45、rmsu CIF和CIP下，保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任起訖期間是“倉(cāng)至倉(cāng)” CIF和CIP下，投保是賣(mài)方的合同義務(wù)，賣(mài)方擁有貨物所有權(quán)，當(dāng)然具有保險(xiǎn)利益，賣(mài)方向保險(xiǎn)公司投保， 保險(xiǎn)合同在貨物啟運(yùn)地啟運(yùn)后即生效，直到貨物進(jìn)入買(mǎi)方的貨倉(cāng)。u FOB、CFR條件下，保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任起訖期間是：“船至倉(cāng)” 凡是 FOB、CFR、FCA和CPT等價(jià)格條件達(dá)成的進(jìn)出口合同的貨物在裝上船（或越過(guò)船舷）或交由承運(yùn)人接管之前，只有賣(mài)方有保險(xiǎn)利益，買(mǎi)方是沒(méi)有保險(xiǎn)利益的。買(mǎi)方投保取得的保險(xiǎn)單盡管也載明適用于倉(cāng)至倉(cāng)條款，但保險(xiǎn)公司的實(shí)際保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任僅從貨物在裝運(yùn)港裝上海船或在發(fā)貨地承運(yùn)人接管時(shí)才開(kāi)始，直到貨物進(jìn)入買(mǎi)方的貨倉(cāng)。Chapter 10

46、International Payment and Settlement1. Credit instruments 支付工具Bill of Exchange 匯票u Parties of B/E Drawer 出票人: draws the bill (exporter or bank) Drawee(payer)受票人或付款人: accept the instruction to pay the money (importer or bank) Payee受款人或受款人: the money is to be paid (importer or bank) à 付款人=受票人，收款人

47、=受款人u Essentials to B/El The word “Exchange”l An unconditional order in writingl Name and address of the draweel Drawers signaturesl Date and place of issuel Name or business entity of the payeel Tenorl Place of paymentl Amountl Acts of Bill of Exchangeu Classification of B/El Commercial draft Banke

48、rs draftl Sight(demand) draft 即期匯票（不需經(jīng)過(guò)承兌步驟）Time(usance) bill 遠(yuǎn)期匯票l Clean draft 光票或凈票、白票Documentary draft 跟單匯票u The acts of B/El To issuea restrictive payee are negotiable and transferableto order: requires endorsement when transferringto bearer: requires no endorsementl Endorsement 背書(shū)Ø Blank E

49、ndorsement (general endorsement) 空白背書(shū)（不記名背書(shū)）Shows an endorsers signature only and specifies no endorseeØ Special Endorsement 特別空白書(shū)（記名背書(shū)）Specifies an endorsee to whom or to whose order the draft is to be paid, in addition to the signature of an endorser.Ø Restrictive Endorsement 限制性背書(shū)Limits

50、 or narrows the negotiability of the bill.Ø Conditional Endorsement 條件背書(shū)A conditional endorsement transfers ownership subject to a specified term and condition.l Presentment/ presentation 提示The act of taking the bill to the drawee and demanding that he makes the payment or accept the billØ

51、 Presentation for acceptance 承兌提示Ø Presentation for payment 付款提示l Acceptance 承兌l Payment 付款l Dishonour and Recourse 拒付和追索 l Discounting 貼現(xiàn)Its a financing method performed in such a manner that a holder of an accepted bill sells the bill to a financial institution at a price less than its face v

52、alue before it reaches its maturity.Promissory Note 本票u Classification of P/Nl General P/NSight P/NTime P/Nl Bankers P/N (cashiers order)Its a sight P/Nà Difference between draft and promissory note（匯票和本票的區(qū)別）：l 基本當(dāng)事人的數(shù)量不同 匯票是委付式票據(jù)，它是出票人簽發(fā)的，委托付款人在規(guī)定時(shí)間無(wú)條件向收款人支付一定金額的票據(jù)。所以，匯票有三個(gè)基本當(dāng)事人：出票人、收款人和付款人。 本

53、票是承諾式票據(jù)，它是由出票人承諾在持票人提示付款時(shí)無(wú)條件地由他本人向收款人支付一定金額的票據(jù)。所以，本票有兩個(gè)基本當(dāng)事人：出票人和收款人。本票的付款人就是出票人自己。l 是否要承兌不同 遠(yuǎn)期匯票必須經(jīng)過(guò)承兌，才能確定付款人對(duì)匯票的付款責(zé)任。 本票的付款人既是出票人本身，出票人簽發(fā)本票就等于承諾在持票人提示付款時(shí)付款，所以，本票無(wú)需承兌。Checque/ Check 支票u Classification of Check · Cheque to Order and Cheque to Bearer普通支票、現(xiàn)金支票與轉(zhuǎn)帳支票 · Cross Cheque and Open C

54、heque劃線支票與未劃線支票 · Certified Cheque保付支票à Difference between draft and check（匯票和支票的區(qū)別）：l 付款人的身份不同。 匯票的付款人可以是銀行，也可以是個(gè)人或工商企業(yè)。 支票的付款人限于具有一定資格的銀行或者其他金融機(jī)構(gòu)。l 付款期限不同。 匯票有即期和遠(yuǎn)期之分，其中，遠(yuǎn)期匯票需要承兌。支票則只能是即期的， 支票一經(jīng)提示，付款人就應(yīng)按照票面金額支付票款，因此，支票無(wú)需承兌。à 即期匯票、本票、支票無(wú)需承兌。2. Payment Methods 支付方式Remittance 匯付It refe

55、rs to transfer of funds from one party to another among different countries through banks.The Parties involved in Remittance Remitter-buyer 匯款人 Remitting bank 匯出行 Receiving bank 匯入行 Paying bank 解付行 Payee(beneficiary)-seller 收款人The Types of Remittance: l Mail transfer(M/T) 信匯l Telegraphic transfer (T

56、/T) 電匯l Demand draft (D/D) 票匯à Rate: T/T > M/T > D/Dà Payment: T/T > M/Tà匯付支付方式中，銀行只提供服務(wù)而不提供信用，所以匯付屬于商業(yè)信用（Commercial Credit）à匯付采用的是順匯方式Collection 托收 The parties involved in collection Principal-seller (drawer) 委托人Remitting bank (at the place of the seller) 托收行Collecting

57、bank (at the place of the buyer) 代收行Presenting bank (drawee) 付款人 Principals representative in case of need 需要時(shí)的代理 Varieties of Collectionl Clean collection 光票托收l(shuí) Documentary collection 跟單托收Ø Documents against payment (D/P) 付款交單ü D/P at sight 即期付款交單ü D/P after sight 遠(yuǎn)期付款交單Ø Documents against acceptance (D/A) 承兌交單à D/A只用于遠(yuǎn)期匯票的托收 à For exporter, the risk is: D/A>D/P after sight > D/P at sightLetter of credit 信用證A letter of credit is a payment ter