最新版譯林牛津非謂語動(dòng)詞講練(學(xué)生版)

1、詞的形式的一致性；不用and連接時(shí)，只能用非謂語動(dòng)詞。如:to the no tice.A. angrily pointingn、非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語,D. and angrily pointing是并行結(jié)構(gòu)問題，即主表一致性非謂語動(dòng)詞預(yù)習(xí)單（一）仔細(xì)閱讀下面的內(nèi)容，并按要求完成后面的思考題：（一）非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能：充當(dāng)除謂語動(dòng)詞以外的各種句子成分成分類別主語賓語表語定語狀語賓補(bǔ)不定式(to)+ vVVVVVV動(dòng)名詞V -ingVVVV現(xiàn)在分詞V -ing過去分詞V -edVVVV（二）非謂語動(dòng)詞的分類，意義，構(gòu)成:非謂語 形式構(gòu)成特征和作用時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)否定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式to doto hav

2、e doneto be doingto have bee n doingto be doneto have bee n done在非謂語前 加 not 或n ever特別注意： nothavi ngdone;one' s not doing / one nothavi ngdonefor sb. to do sth. of sb. to do sth.具有名詞，副 詞和形容詞 的作用；在句 中做主、賓、 定、表和狀語動(dòng)名詞doi ng hav ing donebeing done havi ng bee n donesb. / sb ' s doi作主語僅用sb'doi

3、 ngn具有名詞的 s作用;在句中 做主、賓、定 和表語分 詞現(xiàn) 在 分 詞doi ng hav ing donebeing done havi ng bee n done's具有副詞和 形容詞的作 用；在句中做 定、表、賓補(bǔ) 和狀語過 去 分 詞done（三）非謂語動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn):I、謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別:一個(gè)單句只能有一個(gè)謂語，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作之間用and連接稱為并列謂語，并列謂語需注意兩個(gè)動(dòng)Can' t you read? ” Mary saidB. and point an grilyC. an grily poin ted注意以下兩個(gè)重要問題：女口： Seeing is b

4、elieving.第二需要注意的一些結(jié)構(gòu)：A）It ' s no use （no go<gtt）ing sth.如: It ' s no use quarrelling with such a fellow .B）在It ' s + ad結(jié)構(gòu)中都用不定式作主語。注意兩種句型：It ' s easyfficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary + for）b. to doIt ' kind （nice, stupid, rude, clever, fool

5、ish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, con siderate （考慮周至 U 的）,mean（卑鄙的）,silly, selfish （自私的）后加 of sb. to do川、非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語注意兩個(gè)問題：一是并行結(jié)構(gòu)問題To see is to believe二是時(shí)間問題：一般來說，不定式作表語都表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來，故在表示"目的（aim, purpose）>愿望（wish, hope）、夢想（dream）、需求（need）”等名詞作主語時(shí)其表語應(yīng)該用不定式。動(dòng)名詞作表語 一般用來表示“身份、職業(yè)”等。My job is teach

6、ing.My dream of life is to become a scientist.另外要特別注意現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別。（人“ d”，物“g”）現(xiàn)在分詞 說明主語所具有的特征；The speech was inspiring.過去分詞 多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。The stude nts were greatly in spired.W、非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語Do you know the stude nt seated/sitti ng at the back of the classroom?Have you read the n ews referri ng to house p

7、rices?你讀至 U有關(guān)房價(jià)的新聞了嗎？the concerned parents憂心的家長the parents concerned相關(guān)的家長非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語時(shí)要注意以下區(qū)別：A）分詞作定語時(shí)與其所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；a sleeping child,B）動(dòng)名詞作定語時(shí)只表示用途、場所等意義；a sleeping bag,C）不定式作定語時(shí)要注意以下一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)：在 ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, power, right , time 等名詞后；由序數(shù)詞,only, last, next或形容詞最高級修飾

8、的名詞常用不定式做定語；如：I don ' t think he is the best man do the job.He is always the first / the last one to leave the office.D）表示被動(dòng)意義的非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語時(shí)的用法：done表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作：meeting held已經(jīng)召開的會(huì)議。to be done表示尚未開始的動(dòng)作 ：a meeting to be held 即將召開的會(huì)議；being done 表示正在進(jìn)行之中的動(dòng)作：a meeting being held 正在召開的會(huì)議；aV 、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語注意點(diǎn)不定式和動(dòng)

9、名詞都可以做及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語。下列動(dòng)詞只能用不定式做賓語，這個(gè)口訣可以幫助大家記憶：決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法試圖裝，主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請求幫一幫。decide, /determ in e, lear n, wan t, / intend, expect, /hope,/ wish; /Ion g,/ desire,（利refuse, man age, attempt , prete nd;offer, promise, choose, pla n,/agree, ask, /beg ,help還有afford, happen, fail ,tend,等動(dòng)詞也接不定式做賓語。，動(dòng)詞 kno

10、w, show, teach等常帶疑問詞加to do作賓語。女口： My mother taught me how to use the new wash ing mach ine.在某些復(fù)合賓語中，用it做形式賓語，而把不定式放到后面去。即：consider / feel / think / find / make it n./adj. to do sth.例如：I found it impossible to finish the work on time.下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語，記住下面的口訣避免錯(cuò)過欣賞，禁止推遲完成，繼續(xù)忍受否認(rèn)，承認(rèn)盼望原諒，允許想像冒險(xiǎn)，介意不禁空想，建議考慮

11、逃亡。consider, suggest/advise, look forward to , excuse/pardon/ forgive ，admit ,delay/put off, fancy;avoid， miss，keep /keep on, practice;deny, finish, appreciate,/ enjoy， forbid,/ prevent, imagine, stand/bear ,risk;can 'help , mind， allow /permit ,escape此外還有 be used to, lead to, devote to, stick t

12、o, object to（反對），get down to, feel like 等動(dòng)詞或短語， 也要用動(dòng)詞作賓語，要特別注意to的詞性。但 如果在allow permit ,forbid ,advise后提到有關(guān)的人，就只能用不定式作賓補(bǔ)。即；allow/ permit/forbid/advise + sb. + to do sth.在動(dòng)詞 want, need, require, deserve等詞后加動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于 to be done。特別注意：帶不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語意義不同的動(dòng)詞：remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean,

13、 stopstop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事stop doing停止正在做的事remember/forget/regret to do（指動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生）remember/forget/regret doing （指動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）try to do（設(shè)法，努力去做，盡力）try doing（試試去做，看有何結(jié)果）mean to do （打算做，企圖做）mean doing （意識(shí)是，意味著）go on to do （接著做另外一件事）go on doing （接著做同一件事）can ' t help （to） do（不能幫忙做）can ' t help doing（忍

14、不住要做）2. 動(dòng)名詞和分詞分別不可以作哪些成分？3. 哪一種非謂語動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)?shù)某煞肿疃啵?. 非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式是怎么構(gòu)成的？與謂語動(dòng)詞有什么區(qū)別？復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的否定形式是怎樣 的？舉例說明。5. 現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式是怎樣的？舉個(gè)例句。6. 非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語和表語要注意的同一個(gè)問題是什么？Seeing is to believe.對嗎？7. 在“ It is + adj +of/for +sb. to do sth. ”結(jié)構(gòu)中怎么選擇 of或for ?請舉例說明。8. 用正確的非謂語形式做表語，翻譯“我來這里的目的是說服他戒煙?！辈⒔忉?。9. 分別說出哪些動(dòng)詞后面只跟不定式做賓語哪些后面只跟動(dòng)

15、名詞做賓語，看誰記得多記得準(zhǔn)。 用兩個(gè)口訣。）10. 講出 allow, permit, advise, forbid,等詞的用法特點(diǎn)。11. 動(dòng)詞 want, need, require, deserve等詞后加動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)表示什么意義？舉例說明12. 哪些詞后面既可以跟不定式又可以跟動(dòng)名詞，但是意義不同？看誰列舉得多。 小試牛刀：1、在下列句子中，每句都有一處錯(cuò)誤，請指出，并用預(yù)習(xí)的語法規(guī)則作詳細(xì)解釋。1）. I am sorry I can 'help cleaning the classroom for you.2）. I can 'tstand people to

16、interrupt me all the time when I am working.3）. “ Don 'forget to write back soon ”，Mum shouted and waving good-bye to me.4）. - What do you thi nk of the meeti ng to be held yesterday?-It was a complete failure.5）. It was foolish for him to waste so much money on such a computer.6）. The purpose o

17、f the activity is teach ing the stude nts how to cooperate with their teammates.7）. Women were forbidden voting in that country by law.8）. She prete nded not see ing me whe n I passed by.9）. The problem requires being con sidered aga in.10）. I do agree that recycli ng may be the key to help both sid

18、es.思考題：1. 非謂語動(dòng)詞和謂語動(dòng)詞有什么區(qū)別?非謂語動(dòng)詞預(yù)習(xí)單（二）W、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語（主語）補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語是用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的。被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中常常成為主語補(bǔ)足語。如:You can depe nd on him to help you.A n English song was heard sung yesterday evening.（主語補(bǔ)足語 ）Have you noticed him cheating when you passed by?不定式和分詞都可以做賓語補(bǔ)足語，請仔細(xì)研究下面的表格：做賓補(bǔ)的 非謂語常見動(dòng)詞與賓語的邏輯關(guān) 系及時(shí)間概念例句不定式ask, be

19、g, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, en courage sb.to do sth.主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成。The teacher en couraged me to work hard.have（讓）,notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make sb. do sth.I heard him call me several times.Who would you like to have do the experime nt?現(xiàn)在分詞no tice, see, watch, hear, find,

20、 have（讓）,feel, keep, leave sb/sth doing/done主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào) 動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行， 尚未完成I found her listening to the radio.He has the mach ine running all the time.I won' thave my students cheating in the exam.（否疋句中表容忍）過去分詞動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。動(dòng)作 已經(jīng)完成，多強(qiáng) 調(diào)狀態(tài)We found the village greatly changed.She was surprised that the washing machin

21、e she had had repaired went wrong aga in.用法要點(diǎn)詳解：一、 下歹U動(dòng)詞后面跟帶to 的不定式做補(bǔ)語 ：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, in vite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, think, wait for, call on, depend on 等。The doctor warned him n o

22、t to eat too much meat.醫(yī)生警告他不要吃太多的肉。You are not allowed to smoke in this area.不允許你在這個(gè)區(qū)域抽煙。二、感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等的賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法I heard her sing an English song just now.剛才我聽到她唱了一首英文歌。（sing是不帶to的不定式，做賓補(bǔ)，表主動(dòng)、完成）I heard her singing an En glish song whe n I passed her r

23、oom yesterday .昨天經(jīng)過她的房間的時(shí)候，我聽見她在唱英文歌。（singing是現(xiàn)在分詞一般主動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)，表主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行）I heard an English song sung by a little girl the other day.幾天前我聽至U個(gè)小女孩唱了一首英文歌。（sung是過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表被動(dòng)、完成）I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed her room yesterday. 昨天經(jīng)過她的房間 的時(shí)候，聽見一個(gè)小女孩正在唱一首英文歌。（being sung是現(xiàn)在分詞被

24、動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)，表被動(dòng)正在進(jìn)行）三、使役動(dòng)詞 make, let, get, have等的賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法1）make/let/have +賓語 + do （但是get +賓語+ to do）（使/讓/叫 某人去做某事）;Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.媽媽讓我去商店買些鹽。You may get your son to carry the heavy box for you. 你可以讓你的兒子幫你被這個(gè)重箱子。2）have +賓語+ doing使/讓 持續(xù)地做某事；（疑問句、否定句）容忍，允許get +賓語+ doing使/讓開始行動(dòng)

25、起來His question got the students thinking.他的問題使學(xué)生們思考起來。I won 'have you walking home all by yourself.我不會(huì)讓你獨(dú)自走回家的。3）have/get /make+賓語 + done使/讓/叫某事由別人去做；have sth done還表示"使遭受”;I llhave/get my bike repaired tomorrow. 我明天得（請人）修一下我的自行車。Tom had his legs broken while playi ng football. 湯姆踢足球時(shí)傷了腿。提別提

26、醒：被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，不定式做主語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)to 一定要加上。Though he had often made his little sister cry, that day he was made to cry by his little sister.4）leave/keep +賓語+ doing使 保持某種狀態(tài)leave + 賓語 + undone 留下某事未做；leave +賓語 + to do / to be done留下 要去做/要被做The guest left most of the dishes un touched, because they did n't taste d

27、elicious.大部分的菜客人們都沒有動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗鼈儾豢煽?。（被?dòng)、完成）It's wrong of you to leave the mach ine running. 你讓機(jī)器一直開著是不對的。（主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行）He went to the cin ema, leavi ng me to do all the rest of the work.他去看電影了，留下我一個(gè)人去做剩余的所有的工作。（主動(dòng)、將來）We hurriedly en ded our meet in g, leavi ng many problems to be settled.我們匆匆忙忙結(jié)束了會(huì)議，留下許多問題等待

28、解決（被動(dòng)、將來）5）"主語 + be + said/believed/known/reported/considered等+不定式”，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式做主 語補(bǔ)足語。He is said to have gone abroad.= It is said that he has gone abroad.據(jù)說他出國了。He is considered to be the most diligent student in our class.他被認(rèn)為是我們班最勤奮的學(xué)生。6）特別注意：hope, agree, demand, refuse 等沒有賓補(bǔ)。四、非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語一、不定式可作

29、目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語等，還可以用早某些作表語的形容詞后面作原因狀語。I stayed there to see what would happen.他待在那里，想看看會(huì)發(fā)生什么。（目的）He hurried to the station only to find the train gone.他匆忙趕到火車站， 結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。（結(jié) 果）I am very glad to see you.我很高興見到你。（原因）She is too tired to do the job.她太累了，做不了那項(xiàng)工作。（結(jié)果）二、分詞在句中可以作時(shí)間狀語、原因狀語、條件狀語、讓步狀語、伴隨狀語等。如：Bei

30、ng sick, I stayed at home.我因?yàn)樯〈诩抑?。（原因）Having bee n show n around the school , the experts gave our headmaster some advice.帶專家們轉(zhuǎn)了我們的學(xué)校后，他們給我們的校長提出了一些建議。（時(shí)間）Un ited, we sta nd; divided, we fell.團(tuán)結(jié)則存，分裂則亡。（條件）例如：To be frank （= Fran kly speak in g）, I don' t like your attitude.Believe it or not, h

31、e left me sta nding in the rain for n early half an hour.7、分詞作狀語相當(dāng)于帶有關(guān)聯(lián)詞的狀語從句，所以，要注意不能再次使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞。如:The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it .那孩子跌倒了，頭碰在門上碰破了。（結(jié)果）The teacher came into the lab, followed by some stude nts.老師走進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，后面跟著一些學(xué)生。（伴隨）Having been told many times, he still

32、repeated the same mistake.告訴他多次，他還是犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。（讓步）1非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語必須和句子的主語保持一致，構(gòu)成主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系。2、 表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語有時(shí)可由連接詞while或when引導(dǎo)。如：Be careful when crossing the street. 過馬路時(shí)小心。3、 有時(shí)，“with或without +名詞（或代詞賓格）+分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示伴隨狀況或原因。With all the work fini shed, he happily went home.工作都做好了，他愉快地回家了。4、 當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時(shí)，分詞須有自己的

33、主語，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中多作伴隨狀語。亦可用來表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等。例如：The young man rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 年輕人沖進(jìn)屋，滿臉是汗。The monitor being ill, we 'd better put the meeting off.班長病了，我們還是延期開會(huì)吧。Weather permitt ing, we will go out. = If weather permits, we will go out.It being Sun day today, the l

34、ibrary does n' t ope n.=Because it is Sun day today, the library does n' t ope n.5、某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，分詞的邏輯主語不受句子主語的限制，可獨(dú)立使用，稱為獨(dú)立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)或懸垂分詞。這些結(jié)構(gòu)有：adv. （generally/frankly/personally/honestly/strictly）+ speaking,judging from / by 從判斷considering / taking into consideration supposing /providing / provided t

35、hat 假女口 given sth./ that 假如，考慮到 例如：Judg ing by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family.Fran kly speak in g, I don't like him at all.6、某些動(dòng)詞不定式常用作獨(dú)立副詞成分To make things/matters even worseTo begin withTo tell you the truthTo be honest/ exact / strict / frankmany times, but he still couldn 'tund

36、erstand it.A. Havi ng bee n told B. Though he had bee n toldC. He was told D. Havi ng told忸、幾個(gè)需要特別注意的問題：一、 非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)使用非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候務(wù)必注意非謂語動(dòng)詞和主句的謂語動(dòng)詞的先后關(guān)系以及它和主句的主語之間的邏輯關(guān)系（是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系）。如：1. Robert is saidabroad, but I don' t know what country he studied in. （99 N）A. to have studiedB. to studyC. to be

37、study ing D. to have bee n study ing本題的關(guān)鍵是"what country he studied in ”，由此可知（非謂語的）事情發(fā)生在過去。2. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remainswhether they will enjoyit. （02 N）A. to seeB. to be see nC. see ingD. see nremain后接to do,此處it指代的是后面的主語從句。他們是否喜歡有待于觀察，此處應(yīng)為被動(dòng)。二、 動(dòng)名詞

38、的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：sb. / sb ' s do（作主語僅用 sb' s doir）g女口：It is difficult to imagine histhe decision without any consideration.A. acceptB. accept ingC. to acceptD. acceptedimagine后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，由形容詞性物主代詞his和accepting構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)三、不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)1. for sb. to do sth.前面的sb. 一般是不定式的邏輯主語，要特別注意他們是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。It is necessary for yo

39、u to finish the work before Friday.There are a lot of difficulties for us to overcome.In order for the patient to be treated at once, they took him to the nearest hospital as quickly as possible.（patient和treat是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即被動(dòng)關(guān)系）或: In order to be treated at once, the patient was taken to the nearest hospita

40、l as quickly as possible.His idea is for us to travel in differe nt cars.2. of sb. to do sth.It ' braveinto the burning building to save the baby!A. for him to goB. for him goingC. of him goingD. of him to go四、there be的非謂語形式：1）動(dòng)詞 +there to be / there being （作賓語）女口： I don ' wtant there to be

41、any misunderstanding between them.我不希望他們之間有什么誤會(huì)。They deny there being any misunderstanding between them.他們否認(rèn)他們之間有誤解。I can imagine there being so few people in the library.我無法想象圖書館里人這么少。2）介詞+there being（作賓語）He was surprised at there being so many people wait ing there.Believe it or not注意：for there to

42、 be 常用在 It be + adj. for.的結(jié)構(gòu)中他對很多人等在那里感到吃驚。It is n ot un com mon for there to be problems of com muni cati on betwee n old and young .老人與年青人之間存在著溝通問題是很常見的。（作主語）It ' s too eaflyr there to be anybody up .太早了，還不會(huì)有人起床。（作狀語）3）there being結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself .由于附

43、近沒有人，我只得獨(dú)自干了。（原因狀語）There having been no rain for a long time , the ground was very dry .因?yàn)楹瞄L時(shí)間沒下雨了，地面非常干燥。（原因狀語）五、不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式在有些使役動(dòng)詞及感官動(dòng)詞后可用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，女口 let, make, have, hear, see, feel, smell,hear, watch等；但改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)后，應(yīng)加上 to例：老師常常讓我把作文重寫。The teacher ofte n makes me rewrite the compositi on.t I am often

44、 made by the teacher to rewrite the composition.（2）在except, but, other than 之前有動(dòng)詞 do作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，貝U except, but, other than 后一般接不帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式，反之則接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。即前有do（做”）后無to熟記： cannot but /cannot choose but / cannot help but do sth.can do nothing but do sth.have no choice/alternative but to do sth.例：我只好接受他的建議。I

45、 can not but accept his advice.I can do nothing but accept his advice.I have no desire other tha n to lead a quiet life, free from an xiety. 在why, why not結(jié)構(gòu)中，緊接其后的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to例：Why not send those books back?為什么不把那些書送回去？（4）由all, what引導(dǎo)的主語從句或者主語被only, first, one, least或形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)，而且從句中含do或do的形式does/ did時(shí)，

46、其表語如果是動(dòng)詞不定式，則往往省去to。例：All I did was empty the bottle.我所做的是倒空這個(gè)瓶子。What I wan ted to do was drive all night.我想做的是徹夜開車。The only thi ng I could do was do it myself.我惟一能做的是我自己解決。（5）由并列連詞and, but, then, or連接兩個(gè)以上的具有相同意義或功能的不定式時(shí)，只第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞 不定式帶to。例：我想留下和你一起呆著，幫助你并且向你學(xué)習(xí)。I ' d like to stay with you, help you

47、and learn from you.她告訴我們呆在家里一直等到她回來。She told us to stay at home and wait till she came back.注：如果兩個(gè)不定式表示對照或?qū)Ρ葧r(shí)，則不能省略to.The purpose of new tech no logies is to make life easier, n ot to make it more difficult.To be or not to be, that is a question. 是生存還是死亡，這是一個(gè)問題。預(yù)習(xí)思考題：1哪些動(dòng)詞后面接不帶to的不定式？在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中能不能省to?舉例

48、說明。2、“have +賓語+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓補(bǔ)有幾種形式？各表示什么意思？3、過去分詞做賓補(bǔ)多表示什么含義？4、不定式一般作什么狀語從句？5、非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)注意哪些問題？6、非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語如果和句子的主語不一致，怎么辦？7、哪些分詞和不定式作狀語不受句子主語的限制？&用分詞作狀語，主句前能不能用關(guān)聯(lián)詞了？9、動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)做主語時(shí)用什么形式？10、 哪些情況下不定式的to可以省去？ 小試牛刀：下列各句都有一處錯(cuò)誤，請改正并說明原因：1. The next morning, he found the man lied in bed, dead.2. Father wil

49、l agree us to use his computer.3. Joh n was made wash the truck for a week as a puni shme nt.4. The speaker raised his voice, but he couldn 'tmake himself understand.5. I hope you to be happy while you are here.6. Seeing the sun to rise above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.7.

50、It's wrong of you to keep the lights burned all the ni ght while you were not in.8. The teacher asked us don 'tto make any no ise.9. Having bee n ill in bed for n early a mon th, so he had a hard time pass ing the exam.10. If weather permitti ng next Sun day, we will go out.11. He being late

51、 for the meeti ng made his headmaster very an gry.12. I had no choice but accept his advice.非謂語動(dòng)詞講練（學(xué)生版）（一）非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能：充當(dāng)除謂語動(dòng)詞以外的各種句子成分成分類別主語賓語表語定語狀語賓補(bǔ)不定式(to)+ vVVVVVV動(dòng)名詞 V -ingVVVV現(xiàn)在分詞V -ing 過去分詞V -edVVVV（二）非謂語動(dòng)詞的分類，意義，構(gòu)成:語 謂式 非形成 構(gòu)態(tài) 語 和 態(tài) 時(shí)式 定 否w oavedav d h b h o o o o Al Al Al Al-或ng仙ng 官 Vnnv 語o

52、t意has oha b® 怕 巳 rnge V 口力 t n e K t n 一匕 口 e 上丁 o o n o o o 準(zhǔn)力 n 悴 ndod nd副5在、語 ,容在賓狀 詞形；、和 名口用主表 存禾作做、 具詞的中定詞名動(dòng)r s s/的中宀疋 詞句定 名在宀樂 4;語 有用土抽 昴作做和 n S分 詞現(xiàn)在分詞s /皿作做補(bǔ) 詞的中賓 SS士 具形用宀花和過去分詞e n o d（三）非謂語動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)：I、謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別高考題點(diǎn)擊：1. "Can' t you read? ” Mary saidto the no tice.A. an grily poi

53、ntingC. an grily poin ted析：兩個(gè)動(dòng)作之間用B. and point an grilyD. and angrily pointingand連接稱為并列謂語，并列謂語需注意兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞的形式的一致性，故皆錯(cuò)；不用 and連接時(shí)稱之為狀語，只能用非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，故C錯(cuò)。2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriagethe girl and took her away,into the woods.A. seiz ing, disappearedB. seized, disappearedC. seiz ing, disapp

54、eari ngD. seized, disappeari ngn、非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語，注意以下兩個(gè)重要問題：第一是并行結(jié)構(gòu)問題，即主表一致性女口： Seeing is believing.第二需要注意一些結(jié)構(gòu)：A）It ' s no use （no good） doing sth.如: It ' s no use quarrelling with such a fellow .B）在It ' s + ad結(jié)構(gòu)中都用不定式作主語。注意兩種句型：It ' s easyficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comf

55、ortable, necessary+ for）b. to doIt ' kind （nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, con siderate （考慮周至 U 的）,mean（卑鄙的）,silly, selfish （自私的）后加 of sb. to do川、非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語The purpose of new tech no logies is to make life easier,it more difficult.A. not makeB. not to makeC. no

56、t makingD. do not make注意兩個(gè)問題：一是并行結(jié)構(gòu)問題To see is to believe二是時(shí)間問題：一般來說，不定式作表語都表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來，故在表示“目的、愿望、夢想、 需求”等名詞作主語時(shí)其表語應(yīng)該用不定式。動(dòng)名詞作表語一般用來表示“身份、職業(yè)”等。My job is teach ing.My dream of life is to become a scie ntist.另外要特別注意現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在分詞 說明主語所具有的特征；過去分詞多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。W、非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語高考題點(diǎn)擊：1. The flowerssweet in the bota nic garde n attract the visitors to the beauty of n ature.A. to smellB. smelli ngC. smeltD. to be smelt2. A man is being questi oned in relati on to themurder last ni