現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(共7頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上1. 現(xiàn)在完成時（1）現(xiàn)在完成時的定義：現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作現(xiàn)在有了結(jié)果，對現(xiàn)在造成影響。該時態(tài)還可表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在一段時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作。它是一個把過去和現(xiàn)在密切聯(lián)系起來的時態(tài)。（2）現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成：have/has+過去分詞（3）現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法：1） 表示（不確定的）過去發(fā)生（可能剛結(jié)束）的動作（通常為短暫性動詞），但它所造成的狀態(tài)目前依然存在，后面通常不用時間狀語，但句中常出現(xiàn)just, recently, lately, already, yet（用于疑問句和否定句）等副詞。如：Ive just finished reading the

2、 novel. 我剛剛讀完這本小說。Have you seen the doctor yet? 你看過醫(yī)生了嗎？2） 表示從過去某時開始的動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（有可能到將來）（通常為延續(xù)性動詞），常和for+時間段（for可以省略）或since +時間點（如：then/1998/five years ago/he left）, today, now, so far, up to now, up till now, this week/month/year, in/during/over/for the last/past few years/days等時間狀語連用。如： She has b

3、een a teacher for twenty years. 她已經(jīng)當(dāng)了20年的老師了。I havent seen Justin since last Friday night. 自上周五晚到現(xiàn)在我一直沒看到賈斯廷。3） 表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的反復(fù)性和習(xí)慣性動作，常和always, often, from time to time, frequently, ever, never, seldom, before, once, times等表示頻度的副詞和短語連用。如：I have often/never heard her sing this song. 我經(jīng)常/從未聽她唱這首歌。Some vi

4、llagers say that they have seen UFOs many times. 有些村民說他們多次看到過飛碟。4）現(xiàn)在完成時還可用于時間和條件狀語從句中代替將來完成時, 此時強調(diào)動作的完成。如：Let wait until the rain stops/has stopped. 讓我們等到雨停了。If anyone has found a watch, would they please leave it on my desk? 如有人發(fā)現(xiàn)一塊手表，可否請他放在我桌上？I will write the letter when I have finished the book.

5、 我看完這本書后就寫信。5）現(xiàn)在完成時還可用于某些固定句型中。如： “It/This/That is the first/secondtime +that從句”，從句謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。Bill is phoning his girlfriend again. Thats the third time that hes phoned her this morning. 比爾又在給他女朋友打電話了。這已是他今天上午第三次給她打電話了。 “ is the +形容詞最高級+名詞+定語從句”，從句謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。He is the most diligent student that I ha

6、ve (ever) taught 他是我教過的最勤奮的學(xué)生。 “It is +一段時間+since+一般過去時（謂語動詞為短暫性動詞）”。如：It is two years since he left the country. 他離開這個國家已有兩年了。=He left the country two years ago.=He has been away from the country for two years. leave等短暫性動詞必須改換成相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動詞。成對的詞有：become-be; come/arrive-be here, go/leave-be away, return/g

7、et back-be back, die-be dead; join the army-serve in the army, marry-be married to, borrow-the book-keep the book, catch a cold-have a cold, start/begin-be on (開始，進(jìn)行，放映)，end/finish/stop-be over, appear-be there, disappear-be gone, get lost-be missing（丟失）。2 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 (1) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時定義：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示動作從過去某時開始，一直

8、延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能剛停止，也可能還在繼續(xù)（視上下文確定）?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時一般不用于被動語態(tài)。（2）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成：have/has+been+現(xiàn)在分詞（3）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的基本用法：1） 表示過去開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并仍在繼續(xù)之中。它常和how long, for+時間段, since+時間點結(jié)構(gòu)及all the time, this week, all day/night, all the morning等連用。如：I havent been sleeping well since I returned home. 回到家以來我一直睡得不好。We have been looking

9、at other possibilities too, such as murder. 我們一直在調(diào)查其他的可能性，比如說謀殺。2） 表示過去開始的動作剛結(jié)束并在某種情況下與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)聯(lián)。如： Sorry, Im late. Have you been waiting long? 對不起，我遲到了。你等了很久了嗎？Yes. Ive been waiting for an hour. 是的，我等了一個小時了。3） 表示現(xiàn)在以前這段時期反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作（強調(diào)次數(shù)多，動作不一定持續(xù)）。如：He has been cycling to work for the last three weeks. 三周以來

10、，他一直騎自行車上班。 Weve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently. 最近我們經(jīng)常見面。Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the past week. 一周來吉姆每晚都給杰妮打電話。3. 現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別：1） 現(xiàn)在完成時表示到現(xiàn)在為止動作已經(jīng)完成，強調(diào)結(jié)果；而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時強調(diào)動作本身的持續(xù)性，不管動作是否完成。如：I have read this novel. 我已讀過這本小說。（可能剛讀過，也可能是很久以前讀的） I have been reading this

11、 novel. 我一直在讀這本小說。（不一定看完） 這種詞包括write, build, design, repair, clean等。2） 現(xiàn)在完成時表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，詢問或說明已經(jīng)完成動作的多少或次數(shù)，用how many times；而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示持續(xù)的不間斷的動作，詢問或說明動作的延續(xù)性（長久），用how long。如：How many times have you visited Egypt this month? 你本月訪問過埃及幾次？How long have you been reading that book? 那本書你讀了多長時間了？3） 一些表示感情和情緒的詞，如：

12、like, care (=like), love, fear, hate, desire, mind, value, want, wish；表示精神活動的動詞，如：agree, appreciate (=understand), believe, expect (=think), imagine, feel (=think), think, trust, forget, remember, know, mean, realize, recognize, doubt；感官動詞，如：appear, look, seem, see, notice, observe, sound, hear, tas

13、te；狀態(tài)動詞，如：have, belong, owe, own, possess, exist, last, contain, weigh, deserve等不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。如：Theyve known each other since 1970. 自從1970年起他們就相互認(rèn)識了。4） 現(xiàn)在完成時的句子中可以用像never, yet, already和ever這樣的詞，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的句子中不可以用這些詞。如：I have already been to London. 我已去過倫敦。 5） 現(xiàn)在完成時表示的重復(fù)行動有時可以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示為連續(xù)的行動。如

14、： Ive written six letters since breakfast. 早飯后我已經(jīng)寫了六封信。 Ive been writing letters since breakfast. 早飯后我一直在寫信。 I have knocked five times. I dont think anybody is in. 我已敲了5次門。我想屋里沒人。 I have been knocking, and I dont think anybody is in. 我一直在敲門。我想屋里沒人。6） 在表達(dá)從過去開始現(xiàn)仍在繼續(xù)或剛剛結(jié)束的動作時，某些動詞因本身就有持續(xù)性，故用現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)

15、行時（與for+時間段,或since+時間點）均可，只是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時更強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性。如：rain（下雨），snow（下雪），lie（躺），sit（坐），stand（站），sleep（睡覺），live（居?。?，stay（待，逗留），learn/study（學(xué)習(xí)），teach（教書），work（工作），wait（等待），expect（期待，盼望。等），hope（希望），want（想要）等。如：How long have you learnt/have you been learning English? 你學(xué)習(xí)英語多長時間了？單項填空: 從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項

16、。1. I _ the American TV series Prison Break these days and I can finish watching within two days.A. have watched B. have been watching C. watch D. am watching2. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what _ in science and technology. (2007天津卷)A. had discovered B. had been discovered C. has

17、discovered D. has been discovered3. I got caught in the rain on the way home and my new suit_. (改編自2007北京卷)A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined4. I have got a headache.No wonder. You in front of that computer too long. (2007江西卷)A. work B. are working C. have been working

18、 D. worked5. When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what _. (2007 四川卷)A. have marked B. have been marked C. had marked D had been marked6. Danny hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. (2007福建卷)A. works B. is working C. has worked D. worked7. Cathy is taking notes of

19、 the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ English for a year. (2007湖南卷)A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying 8. -If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock. -What a pity! Tina _ here to see you. (2005 湖南卷)A. is B. was C. would be

20、D. has been 9. Have you got any job offers? No. I _. (2008遼寧卷)A. waited B. had been waiting C. have waited D. am waiting10. I like these English songs and they _many times on the radio. (2008安徽卷) A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught11. Do you think we should accept that offer?

21、（2008江西卷）Yes, we should, for we _such bad luck up till now, and time _ out.A. have had; is running B. had; is runningC. have; has been run D. have had; has been run12. -Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. -I think so. He _ for it for months. （2008江蘇卷）A. is preparing B. was preparin

22、g C. had been preparing D. has been preparing13. Are you going to attend the concert tonight? Well, Id like to, but I _ the ticket. A. didnt get B. hadnt got C. havent got D. cant get14. About 87.5% of the Chinese people feel that their living burdens are heavier than ten years ago, but their income

23、s _. A. have increased B. increase C. increased D. are increasing15. Is the meeting held in Room 302 or 303? It should be 302. But I hear that it _ till tomorrow. A. was put off B. will put off C. has been put off D. put off16. How long has this bookshop been in business? _ 1982, （NMET 1994） A. Afte

24、r B. In C. From D. Since17. -I am sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. （NMET 1994） A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be18. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. （NMET 1995） A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet19. - _ the sports meet might be

25、 put off. - Yes, it all depends on the weather. （NMET 1995） A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told20. -_ my glasses? -Yes, I saw them a minute ago on your bed. （NMET 1996） A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen21. -Who is Jerry Cooper? -_? I saw you shaking hands

26、with him at the meeting. (NMET 1997) A. Dont you meet him yet B. Hadnt met him yet? C. Didnt you meet him yet D. Havent you met him yet22. -I havent heard from Henry for a long time. -What do you suppose _ to him? (1997·上海卷) A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. had happened23. -Oh,

27、its you! I _ you. -Ive just had my hair cut and Im wearing new glasses. (1997·上海卷) A. didnt recognize B. hadnt recognized C. havent recognized D. dont recognize24. -Hi, Tracy, you look tired. -I am tired. I _ the living room all day. (NMET 1998) A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D

28、. have painted25. -Hey, look where you are going! -Oh, Im terribly sorry. _. (NMET 1999) A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticed D. I dont notice26. The price _, but I doubt whether it will remain so. (NMET 1999) A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down 27.

29、-How are you today? -Oh, I _ as ill as I do now for a long time. (NMET 2000) A. didnt feel B. wasnt feeling C. dont feel D. havent felt28. All the preparations for the task _, and we are ready to start. (NMET 2000·春招) A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed29. I wo

30、nder why Jenny _to us recently. We should have heard from her by now. (NMET 2002) A. hasnt written B. doesnt write .C. wont write D. hadnt written30. John and I _friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that. ( 2002&#

31、183;春招) A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen31. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _.(NMET 2003) A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown32. Millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm wh

32、ich swept across the north of England last night. (2005重慶卷) A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused33. Customers are asked to make sure that they _ the right change before leaving the shop. (2006重慶卷) A. will give B. have been given C. have given D. will be gi

33、ven 34. I _ in London for many years, but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China. (2006 重慶卷) A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived35. Although medical science _ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. (2006 江蘇卷) A.

34、 achieved B. has achieved C. will achieve D. had achieved36. My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He _ there for a few months and then went to America. (2006 江西卷) A. worked B. would work C. would be working D. has been working 37. I wont tell the student the answer to the maths problem until he _

35、 on it for more than an hour. (2006 湖北卷) A. has been working B. will have worked C. will have been working D. had worked38. It is said that the early European playing cards _ for entertainment and education. (2006 遼寧卷) A. were being designed B. have designed C. have been designed D. were designed39.

36、 -Have you seen the movie “Speed”? -Yes, I _ it when I was at college. A. saw B. have seen C. would see D. had seen40. My father _ too much recently. He should smoke less for the benefit of his health. A. was smoking B. would smoke C. has been smoking D. had smoked 41.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never on