封閉是進(jìn)步的大敵

1、封閉是進(jìn)步的大敵 Only closed systems can hold us back谷歌董事長(zhǎng)兼首席執(zhí)行官 埃里克施密特 為英國(guó)金融時(shí)報(bào)撰稿                     評(píng)論70條  I sincerely hope not because globalisation is the quickest way to reduce income inequality and raise living standards globally. This year it wil

2、l get a bad rap from people who fear that more winners in poorer nations turn richer countries into losers. But these caricatures from traditional manufacturers and farmers assume trade and globalisation are zero-sum games.我衷心希望不會(huì)因?yàn)槿蚧侨驕p輕收入不平等和提高生活水平的最快途徑。今年，那些唯恐窮國(guó)中涌現(xiàn)更多贏家將使富國(guó)淪為輸家的人士將對(duì)全球化大加撻伐。然而，傳統(tǒng)

3、制造業(yè)者和農(nóng)場(chǎng)主們歪曲全球化的言論卻假設(shè)貿(mào)易和全球化是“零和游戲”。The evidence suggests otherwise. As access to goods, markets and new technology increases, so does opportunity. The internet, the ultimate globalising force, has made the worlds collective knowledge more accessible than at any time in our history. Pupils who previou

4、sly had no books can now read online; people who had no bank accounts can do business on mobile phones; and automated translation tools let Russian and American scientists collaborate in real-time on vaccines.事實(shí)不然。隨著獲得商品、進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)和新技術(shù)的途徑增多，機(jī)會(huì)也在增多?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)推動(dòng)全球化的終極力量已使得全球集體知識(shí)的可獲得性超過了史上任何時(shí)候。昔日沒有書本的小學(xué)生如今可以在網(wǎng)上閱讀；昔

5、日連銀行賬戶都沒有的人如今可以通過手機(jī)做生意；得益于自動(dòng)翻譯工具，俄羅斯和美國(guó)的科學(xué)家可以開展疫苗方面的實(shí)時(shí)合作。More than that, however, globalisation has already seen 2bn people move into a middle-class lifestyle, meaning a greater population than ever before has a stake in future global growth. It is happening quickly, too, in contrast to previous cen

6、turies when wealth slowly trickled down from the richest countries to the poorest. With technology, such change can happen as soon as people are hooked up to the web, creating instant participants in a knowledge economy previously thought to be reserved only for the richest and best-educated nations

7、.何止如此，全球化還使20億人享受上了中產(chǎn)階層的生活方式，意味著與未來(lái)全球發(fā)展利益攸關(guān)的人口超過了以往任何時(shí)候。而且，與以往相比，這個(gè)變化的過程非常迅速。多少世紀(jì)以來(lái)，財(cái)富只能緩慢地從最富裕國(guó)家滲透到最貧窮國(guó)家。而如今借助于科技，只要人們一聯(lián)通上網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這樣的變化瞬息就能完成人們即刻就能融入以往人們以為只屬于最富裕和教育最發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)之中。History has shown a correlation between the amount of information available to the average citizen and economic growth. There a

8、re smart people everywhere, and the more they can share ideas the easier it will be to find the building blocks of a new economic life. So while I plead guilty to being a shameless optimist, its an optimism born from facts.歷史已經(jīng)證明，普通公民可以獲得的信息量與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)之間存在正相關(guān)性。世界各地都不乏有識(shí)之士，他們?cè)绞悄芄蚕硭枷耄业浇ㄔO(shè)新經(jīng)濟(jì)生活所需的磚瓦就越容易。所以，

9、雖然我承認(rèn)自己是個(gè)不以為恥的樂觀主義者，但上述樂觀思想?yún)s是源自于事實(shí)。In this global era our real enemies are inflexibility, proprietary systems and “walled gardens” that let the elite in but leave the rest out. Governments around the world will continue to raise barriers to growth in 2011. But this only means we must work harder to

10、maintain the free flow of information, promote new trade agreements and uphold the openness of the internet.在這個(gè)全球化時(shí)代，我們真正的敵人是頑固不化、獨(dú)占體制，以及只準(zhǔn)精英通行、將其余人等拒之門外的“有圍墻的花園”。2011年，世界各國(guó)政府將繼續(xù)加筑阻礙發(fā)展的壁壘。面對(duì)這種形勢(shì)，我們唯有加倍努力，維護(hù)信息自由的流動(dòng)，推動(dòng)達(dá)成新的貿(mào)易協(xié)議，并支持互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的開放。Such openness to divergent points of view is critical to the proc

11、ess of discovery and invention. Thats how the printing press transformed Europe in the 15th century, and how succeeding generations of media transformed the world from then on. So lets not spend 2011 fretting about whether the wave of globalisation should be reversed. It shouldnt. Instead let us build the next economy one based on education, sharing information, adapting technology to work with many cultures, and constant exposure to new ideas giving everyone access to the opportunities currently enjoyed by the few.這種對(duì)不同觀點(diǎn)的包容態(tài)度，對(duì)于發(fā)現(xiàn)和發(fā)明進(jìn)程至關(guān)重要。15世紀(jì)印刷媒體改變歐洲，以及其后數(shù)代媒體改變整個(gè)世界，都源于此。因此，在2