小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題(200910)

1、小 學(xué) 英 語(yǔ) 語(yǔ) 法 與 訓(xùn) 練一、 動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則 1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, play-plays look-looks 2以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)） 1一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking watch-watching 2以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste

2、-tasting 3如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則： 1一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked climb-climbed 2結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted 3末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied附：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式 am,is-was, are-were, do-did, s

3、ee-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat否定句在助動(dòng)詞be（am, is, are）后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成wont。 例如：Im going

4、 tohave a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)的否定句在動(dòng)詞前加 doesnt，一般疑問句在句首加does，句子中原有動(dòng)詞用原形。例如：He likes fishing He doesnt like fishing。主語(yǔ)為非第三人稱單數(shù)，否定句用 dont。一般疑問句在句首加do，句子中動(dòng)詞用原形。例如：You go to school on foot Do you go to school on foot?動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)如：visit（動(dòng)詞原形），visits(第三人稱

5、單數(shù))，visiting(現(xiàn)在分詞)，visited（一般過去時(shí)）eg: 1.I am going to visit my aunt this morning.(一般將來(lái)時(shí)) 2.He visits his grandparents with his father every week.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)) 3.Are you visiting our teacher now?(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))4.She visited her Uncle yesterday.(一般過去時(shí))二、一般疑問句與特殊疑問句一般疑問句： 由Be動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)。Be動(dòng)詞提到句首，some改為any, and改為or，第一二人稱互換。

6、如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 由Do/Does引導(dǎo)。如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如：Does she go(原形)to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞：how(怎樣，詢問方式)， what（什么）， when（什么時(shí)候，詢問時(shí)間）， where（哪里，詢問地點(diǎn)）， how m

7、any（多少，詢問可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量）， how much（多少，詢問不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量）， which（哪一個(gè)，含選擇意義）如：How does your father usually go to work? -He usually go to work by bus.What day is it today?It is Sunday.When are you going to take a trip?I am going to take a trip tomorrow.When is your birthday?-It is May 5th.Where are you going?-I am goi

8、ng to ShangHai.What is Mike going to do?-He is going to play basketball.What are you doing now?-I am watching TV. Where is your home? -My home is next to the bookstore.How many apples do you have?I have a lot of apples.How much is the book?It is five yuan.Which bike do you like better?-I like the ye

9、llow bike better.What time is it now?-It is 3 o'clockWhat is the weather like today?-It is sunny .What is the date today?-It is March 15th.What is your hobby?-I like fishing,riding a bike and watching TV.What does your mother do?-She is a TV reporter?Where are you from?-I am from England.Which s

10、eason do you like best?-Spring.三、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)1、兩個(gè)事物或人的比較用比較級(jí)，比較級(jí)后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級(jí)前面可以用more, a little 來(lái)修飾表示程度。2形容詞加er的規(guī)則：一般在詞尾加er ； 以字母e 結(jié)尾，加r ；以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加er ； 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，先把y變i，再加er 。3不規(guī)則形容詞比較級(jí)： good-better, beautiful-more beautiful4副詞的比較級(jí)： (不規(guī)則變化：well-better, far-farther)練習(xí)：、寫出

11、下列形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)  old_   young_    tall_    long_     short_    strong_    big_    small_  fat_    thin_    heavy_   light_  nice_   good_  beautiful

12、_  low_   high_    slow_    fast_  late_   early_   far_    well_、根據(jù)句意填入單詞的正確形式：1. My brother is two years _(old)than me.2. Tom is as _(fat) as Jim.3. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes,she is.4. Who is _(thin),you or Hele

13、n? Helen is.5. Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers? Hers is.6. Marys hair is as _(long) as Lucys.7.Ben _ (jump) _ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 8._ Nancy sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _. 9.Fangfang is not as _ (tall) as the other girls. 10.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she). 四、第三

14、人稱單數(shù)（由第三人稱he, she, it引導(dǎo)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。） He _ ( like ) collecting stamps. It _（look） like a cat.She _ ( get ) up at 6:00 oclock. She _(have)lunch at twelve.It _ ( take ) me an hour to do my homework. Uncle Wang often _(make) kites.五、小學(xué)詞匯：星期(Week)Sunday（星期日） Monday（星期一） Tuesday （星期二） Wednesday （星期三）Thursday（星

15、期四） Friday（星期五） Saturday（星期六）月份(Month)January（一月） February（二月） March（三月） April（四月） May（五月） June（六月） July（七月） August（八月） September（九月） October（十月） November（十一月）December（十二月）季節(jié)(Season)Spring（春季） Summer（夏季） Fall（秋季） Winter（冬季）數(shù)字(Number)與序數(shù)詞One一 Two二 Three三 Four四 Five五 Six六 Seven七 Eight八 Nine九 Ten十Eleve

16、n十一 Twelve十二 First第一，首先 Second第二 Third第三 Fourth第四 Fifth第五 六、專題訓(xùn)練：、用所給名詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some_(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle.5. There are five_(people ) in his family.6. Let's take_(

17、photo), OK? 7. I have lots of_(tomato) here.8. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.9. The_(child) are playing games on the playground now.10.Their_(dictionary) look new.、一般過去時(shí)寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式 isam_ fly_ plant_ drink_ play_ go_ make_ does_ dance_ worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ draw_ throw_ kick_ pass_ do _、句

18、型轉(zhuǎn)換 1. It was exciting.   否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_2. All the students were very excited.   否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_3. They were in his pocket.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_4The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答) _ _5Im playing the football in the playground .(對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問) _6Tom is reading books in his study . (對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問)_ 、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play_ run_ swim _ make_ go_ like_ write_ ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_ put_ see_ buy _ love_ take_ come