2012年同等學(xué)力英語(yǔ)沖刺練習(xí)及詳解(共6頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上2012年同等學(xué)力英語(yǔ)沖刺練習(xí)及詳解（十三）閱讀理解：If there is one thing scientists have to hear，it is that the game is over. Raised on the belief of an endless voyage of discovery，they recoil（畏縮）from the suggestion that most of the best things have already been located. If they have，todays scientists can hope

2、 to contribute no more than a few grace notes to the symphony of science.A book to be published in Britain this week，The End of Science，argues persuasively that this is the case. Its author，John Horgan，is a senior writer for Scientific American magazine，who has interviewed many of todays leading sci

3、entists and science philosophers. The shock of realizing that science might be over came to him，he says，when he was talking to Oxford mathematician and physicist Sir Roger Penrose.The End of Science provoked a wave of denunciation（譴責(zé)）in the United States last year.“The reaction has been one of compl

4、ete shock and disbelief.”Mr. Horgan says.The real question is whether any remaining unsolved problems，of which there are plenty，lend themselves to universal solutions. If they do not，then the focus of scientific discovery is already narrowing. Since the triumphs of the 1960sthe genetic code，plate te

5、ctonics（板塊構(gòu)造說(shuō)），and the microwave background radiation that went a long way towards proving the Big Banggenuine scientific revolutions have been scarce. More scientists are now alive，spending more money on research，that ever. Yet most of the great discoveries of the 19th and 20th centuries were made

6、before the appearance of state sponsorship，when the scientific enterprise was a fraction of its present size.Were the scientists who made these discoveries brighter than todays？That seems unlikely. A far more reasonable explanation is that fundamental science has already entered a period of diminish

7、ed returns.“Look，dont get me wrong，”says Mr. Horgan.“There are lots of important things still to study，and applied science and engineering can go on for ever. I hope we get a cure for cancer，and for mental disease，though there are few real signs of progress.”NextPage66.The sentence“most of the best

8、things have already been located”could mean .A. most of the best things have already been changedB. most of the best things remain to be changedC. there have never been so many best things waiting to be discoveredD. most secrets of the world have already been discovered67.John Horgan . has published

9、 a book entitled The End of Science. has been working as an editor of Scientific American. has been working many years as a literary critic. is working as a science writerA. and B. onlyC. and D. ， and 68.There have not been many genuine scientific revolutions in the past few decades because .A. ther

10、e have been decreased returns in the research of fundamental scienceB. there are too many important things for scientists to studyC. applied science and engineering take up too much time and energyD. todays scientists are not as intelligent as those in the past69.The term“the Big Bang”probably refer

11、s to .A. the genetic code theoryB. a geological theoryC. a theory of the origin of the universeD. the origin and the power of atomic energy70.The best title of this passage can be .A. Great Scientific Discoveries Will Never Be PossibleB. The Harsh Challenge Has to Be Met by Modern ScientistsC. The S

12、tate Sponsorship and Scientific Enterprise Are All in VainD. The Chance for Great Scientific Discoveries Becomes ScarceNextPage答案解析：如果有一件事情科學(xué)家不愿意聽(tīng)的話，那就是：游戲結(jié)束了。他們是在“科學(xué)探索永無(wú)止境”這樣的信念下成長(zhǎng)的，大多數(shù)最好的東西已經(jīng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)了，這樣的暗示讓他們畏縮不前。如果這些東西已經(jīng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)了，那么今天的科學(xué)家能對(duì)科學(xué)的交響樂(lè)貢獻(xiàn)的只不過(guò)是幾個(gè)裝飾音符罷了。 本周在英國(guó)將要出版的一本書(shū) 科學(xué)的末日 令人信服地說(shuō)，事實(shí)就是如此。該書(shū)的作者約翰&#

13、183;霍根是 科學(xué)的美國(guó) 雜志的一名高級(jí)撰稿人，采訪了許多當(dāng)今科學(xué)界的領(lǐng)軍人物和自然科學(xué)哲學(xué)家。他說(shuō)，當(dāng)他同牛津大學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)家、物理學(xué)家羅杰·潘羅斯爵士交談時(shí)，他意識(shí)到科學(xué)可能已經(jīng)終結(jié)了，這一意識(shí)令他感到震驚。 去年，科學(xué)的末日 在美國(guó)引起了一股譴責(zé)浪潮?；舾壬f(shuō)，“人們的反應(yīng)完全是震驚和懷疑”。 真正的問(wèn)題是：是否存在大量尚未解決的問(wèn)題需要科學(xué)家們?nèi)で笃毡榈慕鉀Q方案。如果沒(méi)有，那么科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的核心就已經(jīng)縮小了。從20世紀(jì)60年代取得勝利以來(lái)如基因密碼、板塊構(gòu)造說(shuō)以及為證明大爆炸理論走了很長(zhǎng)一段路的微波背景輻射，真正的科學(xué)革命已經(jīng)變少了?，F(xiàn)在，更多的科學(xué)家還很積極，在科學(xué)研究上花費(fèi)

14、了更多的金錢。然而，19世紀(jì)和20世紀(jì)的大多數(shù)偉大發(fā)現(xiàn)是在國(guó)家的提倡之前就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的，那時(shí)的科學(xué)事業(yè)還只是現(xiàn)在規(guī)模的一個(gè)零頭。 創(chuàng)造了這些發(fā)明的科學(xué)家比現(xiàn)在的科學(xué)家聰明嗎？似乎不可能。一個(gè)更合理的解釋是：基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入一個(gè)回報(bào)減少的時(shí)期?！白⒁?，不要誤會(huì)我的意思，”霍根先生說(shuō)?！叭匀挥性S多重要的事情需要去研究，應(yīng)用科學(xué)與工程科學(xué)可以永遠(yuǎn)持續(xù)下去。我希望我們能夠找到治愈癌癥以及智障的方法，盡管似乎還沒(méi)有顯示出取得進(jìn)展的跡象?！盢extPage66.【正確答案】D【考點(diǎn)類型】推理判斷題【解析過(guò)程】句子“most of the best things have already been locat

15、ed”的意思是 。A. 大多數(shù)最好的事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化B. 大多數(shù)最好的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生變化C. 從沒(méi)有這么多最好事情等待被發(fā)現(xiàn)D. 世界的大多數(shù)秘密已經(jīng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)線索：文章的第1段提到“Raised on the belief of an endless voyage of discovery，they recoil from the suggestion that most of the best things have already been located.”成長(zhǎng)在“科學(xué)探索永無(wú)止境”這樣的信念下，大多數(shù)最好的東西已經(jīng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)了，這樣的暗示讓他們畏縮不前。此處，be located 作“被發(fā)

16、現(xiàn)”講，故選項(xiàng)D是正確的?！究键c(diǎn)提示】這個(gè)題主要是對(duì)locate這個(gè)詞在某一特殊語(yǔ)境的具體含義的考查。這就需要學(xué)生能夠在上下文的語(yǔ)境下推測(cè)判斷單詞的含義。這也是解決生詞或者單詞的其他含義的很好途徑。在語(yǔ)境中理解單詞，認(rèn)識(shí)單詞。67.【正確答案】C【考點(diǎn)類型】邏輯推斷題【解析過(guò)程】約翰·霍根 。. 已經(jīng)出版了名為 科學(xué)的末日 一書(shū). 一直在 科學(xué)美國(guó) 雜志社做編輯. 多年來(lái)一直從事文學(xué)批評(píng). 現(xiàn)在是一名科學(xué)作家A 和BC 和D 、和線索：文章的第2段提到“A book to be published in Britain this week，The End of Science，arg

17、ues persuasively that this is the case. Its author，John Horgan，is a senior writer for Scientific American magazine，.”本周將要在英國(guó)出版的一本書(shū) 科學(xué)的末日，令人信服地說(shuō)，事實(shí)就是如此。該書(shū)的作者約翰·霍根是 科學(xué)的美國(guó) 雜志的資深撰稿人，這里，提到了約翰·霍根的名為 科學(xué)的末日 這本書(shū)在這周被出版，而且他也是 科學(xué)的美國(guó) 雜志的一名資深撰稿人。這表明選項(xiàng)C是正確答案?！究键c(diǎn)提示】這是一個(gè)邏輯推斷題，主要考查學(xué)生的邏輯推斷能力。要解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，就要吃透文章第2

18、段的內(nèi)容，要學(xué)會(huì)從第2段中抽出這個(gè)題所需的主要內(nèi)容。68.【正確答案】A【考點(diǎn)類型】推理判斷題【解析過(guò)程】在過(guò)去的幾十年內(nèi)，沒(méi)有許多真正的科學(xué)革命是因?yàn)?。A. 在基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)研究方面的回報(bào)減少B. 科學(xué)家們的重要事情太多而無(wú)法作研究C. 實(shí)用科學(xué)和工程學(xué)占用了太多的時(shí)間和能量D. 現(xiàn)今的科學(xué)家沒(méi)有過(guò)去的科學(xué)家們智商高線索：文章的第5段提到“Were the scientists who made these discoveries brighter than todays？That seems unlikely. A far more reasonable explanation is that

19、 fundamental science has already entered a period of diminished returns.”難道當(dāng)時(shí)做出這些發(fā)現(xiàn)的科學(xué)家比現(xiàn)在的科學(xué)家聰明嗎？似乎不可能。一個(gè)更合理的解釋是：基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入回報(bào)減少的時(shí)期。這里diminished的意思是：減少，與decrease是近義詞。這表明選項(xiàng)A是正確答案?！究键c(diǎn)提示】這是推理判斷題，主要是考查學(xué)生的邏輯推理能力。在邏輯推理的同時(shí)也要把握關(guān)鍵詞如diminished的含義，這樣問(wèn)題就解決了。69.【正確答案】C【考點(diǎn)類型】推理判斷題【解析過(guò)程】“大爆炸”這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)可能指的是 。A. 基因密碼理論B. 地

20、質(zhì)學(xué)理論C. 宇宙起源理論D. 起源和原子能 線索：文章的第4段提到“Since the triumphs of the 1960sthe genetic code，plate teconics，and the microwave background radiation that went a long way towards proving the Big Bang. ”從20世紀(jì)60年代取得勝利（如：基因密碼、板塊構(gòu)造說(shuō)以及在證明大爆炸理論方面走了很長(zhǎng)一段路的微波背景輻射）以來(lái)，這里“微波背景輻射”主要是對(duì)宇宙的研究。表明選項(xiàng)C是正確答案。【考點(diǎn)提示】這個(gè)題的題眼是對(duì)專業(yè)名詞“micro

21、wave background radiation”（微波背景輻射）的掌握。這個(gè)專業(yè)名詞需要一定的專業(yè)背景知識(shí)，難度在這里。70. 【正確答案】D【考點(diǎn)類型】主旨?xì)w納題【解析過(guò)程】該文的最佳標(biāo)題是 。A. 重大的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)將永遠(yuǎn)不可能出現(xiàn)B. 現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家們一定遇到艱難的挑戰(zhàn)C. 政府支持和科學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)都是徒勞D. 重大科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)寥寥無(wú)幾線索1：文章的第1段提到“If there is one thing scientists have to hear，it is that the game is over.”如果有一件事情科學(xué)家不愿意聽(tīng)的話，那就是：游戲結(jié)束了。線索2：文章的第2段提到“The

22、shock of realizing that science might be over came to him，he says，when he was talking to Oxford mathematician and physicist Sir Roger Penrose.”他說(shuō)，當(dāng)他和牛津大學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)家兼物理學(xué)Roger Penrose交談時(shí)，讓他感到震驚的是：科學(xué)可能結(jié)束了。線索3：文章的第4段“Since the triumphs of the 1960sthe genetic code，plate tectonics（板塊構(gòu)造說(shuō)），and the microwave backg

23、round radiation that went a long way towards proving the Big Banggenuine scientific revolutions have been scarce.”從20世紀(jì)60年代取得勝利（如：基因密碼、板塊構(gòu)造說(shuō)以及在證明大爆炸理論方面走了很長(zhǎng)一段路的微波背景輻射）以來(lái)，真正的科學(xué)革命已經(jīng)很少了。這些線索均表明選項(xiàng)D是正確答案?！究键c(diǎn)提示】這道題是考查大家的綜合歸納能力。在這里，大家要注意每段主要談的是什么，貫穿在文章中的是什么主題。NextPage閱讀理解：John Grisham was born on February

24、2，1955，in Jonesboro，Arkansas，in the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all around the southern states of America，stopping wherever he could find work. Eventually they settled in Mississippi. Graduating from law school in 1981，Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in S

25、outhaven，specializing in criminal defense and personal injury litigation（訴訟）. In 1983，he was elected to the state House of Representatives and served until 1990.One day at the Dessoto County courthouse，Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12-year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel e

26、xploring what would have happened if the girls father had murdered her attackers. He proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m. to work on the novel，called A Time to Kill，which was published in 1988. Grishams next novel，The Firm，was one of the biggest hits of 1991，spending 47 weeks on The New York

27、Times bestseller list. Grisham lives with his wife and two children，dividing their time between their Victorian home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near Charlottesville，Virginia. When hes not writing，Grisham devotes time to charitable causes，including mission trips with h

28、is church group. As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player，and now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26 Little League teams.NextPage46.John Grisham is at present.A. a writer B. a lawyerC. a profes

29、sional baseball player D. a congressman47.What inspired Grisham to write his first novel？A. A case of murder. B. A case of rape.C. His fathers experience.D. His life on the farm.48.The story of the novel A Time to Kill would probably focus on .A. how the girl was attackedB. the circumstances of the

30、rape C. how the girls father took revengeD. how the case of rape was settled49.Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm？A. It was popular at the time of publication.B. It earned Grisham great fame.C. It brought Grisham wealth.D. It was carried by The New York Times as a series.50.It

31、can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built ballfields on his property .A. to achieve his lifes goal as a professional baseball playerB. to coach children in baseball C. to see his childhood dream being realized in the childrenD. to provide facilities of baseball trainingNextPage答案解析：約翰&

32、#183;格雷斯?jié)h姆1955年2月2日出生于美國(guó)阿肯色州的瓊斯伯勒。他的父親是一名建筑工人，帶著他們?nèi)逸氜D(zhuǎn)于美國(guó)南部各州，在哪里能夠找到工作，他們?nèi)揖驮谀睦锿Ａ?。最后，他們?cè)诿芪魑鞅榷ň恿恕?981年畢業(yè)于法學(xué)院后，約翰·格雷斯?jié)h姆在南阿旺從事了近十年的法律工作，主要從事刑事辯護(hù)和個(gè)人傷害訴訟業(yè)務(wù)。1983年，他被選舉為州參議院議員，一直任職到1990年。一天，在德索圖縣法院，約翰·格雷斯?jié)h姆聽(tīng)到了一個(gè)年僅12歲的強(qiáng)奸受害者的駭人聽(tīng)聞的證詞。他決定寫(xiě)一本小說(shuō)來(lái)探討如果受害女孩的父親殺死了強(qiáng)奸他女兒的罪犯將會(huì)發(fā)生什么。他開(kāi)始每天早晨5點(diǎn)起床寫(xiě)他的小說(shuō)，小說(shuō)名叫謀殺時(shí)刻，這

33、部小說(shuō)于1988年出版。格雷斯?jié)h姆隨后出版的一部小說(shuō) 公司 成為1991年最暢銷的小說(shuō)之一，連續(xù)47周位列 紐約時(shí)報(bào) 暢銷書(shū)籍排行榜單之上。格雷斯?jié)h姆與他的妻子和兩個(gè)孩子住在一起，他們有時(shí)到他們?cè)诿芪魑鞅戎莸囊粋€(gè)維多利亞風(fēng)格的家里，這個(gè)房屋位于一個(gè)占地67英畝的農(nóng)場(chǎng)里，有時(shí)他們又到弗吉尼亞州夏洛茨維爾附近的一個(gè)占地約204英畝的種植園散心。 格雷斯?jié)h姆不寫(xiě)作的時(shí)候，便把大部分時(shí)間投入慈善事業(yè)上，包括同他的教會(huì)團(tuán)體參加傳道旅行。他孩提時(shí)的夢(mèng)想就是成為一名職業(yè)的棒球手，現(xiàn)在他是當(dāng)?shù)匕羟蛐÷?lián)盟的專員。他在自己的土地上建造了六個(gè)棒球場(chǎng)地，并接納了26支小棒球聯(lián)盟的孩子們?cè)谀抢镞M(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。NextPage

34、46.【正確答案】A【考點(diǎn)類型】細(xì)節(jié)推斷【解析過(guò)程】約翰格雷斯?jié)h姆目前是 。A. 一名作家B. 一名律師C. 一名專業(yè)的棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)員D. 一名參議員線索：文章的第2段提到約翰·格雷斯?jié)h姆放棄了律師工作，投身到寫(xiě)作的工作中，表明選項(xiàng)A是正確答案。選項(xiàng)B和D的內(nèi)容都是他以前想要做的工作，在文章的第1段明確提到了。選項(xiàng)C和原文的最后一段的內(nèi)容不符合“As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player”表明他夢(mèng)想成為一名棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)員?！究键c(diǎn)提示】建議大家讀題干的時(shí)候一定要注意一些關(guān)鍵的細(xì)節(jié)，比如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)。47.【正確答案】B【考點(diǎn)類型】細(xì)節(jié)判斷【解析過(guò)程】什么因素激發(fā)約翰·格雷斯?jié)h姆寫(xiě)他的第一部小說(shuō)？A. 一個(gè)謀殺案件。B. 一起強(qiáng)奸案件。C. 他父親的親身體驗(yàn)。D. 他在農(nóng)場(chǎng)的生活。線索：文章的第2段提到“Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12-year-old rape victim.”表明