2014年12月英語六級翻譯新題型模擬題以及10套星火翻譯預(yù)測題

1、2014年6月英語六級翻譯新題型模擬題（1）原文：中國是世界上最大的進(jìn)展中國家，人口約占世界總?cè)丝诘?2%。在過去相當(dāng)長的時期里，由于諸多緣由,貧困始終困擾著中國。20世紀(jì)80年月中期，中國農(nóng)村絕大多數(shù)地區(qū)憑借自身的進(jìn)展優(yōu)勢，經(jīng)濟(jì)得到快速增長，但少數(shù)地區(qū)由于經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、歷史、自然等方面的制約，進(jìn)展相對滯后。中國政府在致力于經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會全面進(jìn)展的進(jìn)程中，在全國范圍內(nèi)實施了以解決貧困人口溫飽問題為主要目標(biāo)的有方案、有組織的大規(guī)模扶貧開發(fā)，極大地緩解了貧困現(xiàn)象。參考答案China is the largest developing country in the world and its popula

2、tion accounts for about 22 percent of the worlds total. For a long period of its history, China has been plagued by poverty for various reasons. In the mid-1980s, the economy of an overwhelming majority of the rural areas in China grew dramatically by virtue of their own advantages, but a small numb

3、er of areas still lagged behind because of the constraints of their economic, social, historical, and natural conditions. The Chinese government, while working on all-round economic and social development, has nationwide implemented a large-scale program for development-oriented poverty relief in a

4、planned and organized way. With the main objective of helping poverty-stricken people solve the food and clothing problems, this program has gone a long way toward alleviating poverty.難點精析1.進(jìn)展中國家：英語中對應(yīng)的表達(dá)為developing country，該句結(jié)構(gòu)簡潔，直譯即可。2.人口約占世界總?cè)丝诘模捍司渚o接上文，和前面一個分句共享一個主語China，為了指代清楚并且避開重復(fù)，此處的“人口”可譯為it

5、s population。表達(dá)“(數(shù)量、比例上)占”有一個常用的詞組account for。“世界總?cè)丝凇奔偃缰弊g的話是the worlds total population或者the total population of the world，但是由于該分句的主語中已經(jīng)消滅了一次population,故此處可將total活用作名詞，意為“總數(shù)”。3.在過去相當(dāng)長的時期里：該分句假如直譯的話可譯為for a long time in the past，但是依據(jù)語境，此處“相當(dāng)長的時期”指的是“中國歷史中的一個很長的時期”，又由于該分句所在句的主語隨后緊接著消滅，因而可以意譯為for a lon

6、g period of its history。4.由于諸多緣由：此處較為簡潔，可以有多種譯法?！坝捎凇笨梢杂胋ecause of, due to, out of來表達(dá)，也可以用一個簡潔的單詞for?！爸T多”的表達(dá)方式也有很多，如many, various, a lot of, lots of等。因而該分句可簡潔地譯為for various reasons。5.貧困始終困擾著：表達(dá)“被貧困所困擾”較為常用的譯法是be plagued by，由于此處表達(dá)的是過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生并且其影響持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一種狀態(tài)，因而留意時態(tài)要接受現(xiàn)在完成時。此處可譯為has been plagued by poverty。

7、6. 20世紀(jì)80年月中期進(jìn)展相對滯后：該句較長，翻譯時要留意平衡句子的結(jié)構(gòu)?！敖?jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)展較快”中的“經(jīng)濟(jì)”指的是“中國農(nóng)村絕大多數(shù)地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)”，在翻譯時可以照此調(diào)整一下句子的語序。“滯后”常用lag behind 來表達(dá)。7.中國政府在致力于緩解了貧困現(xiàn)象：該句內(nèi)容較多，翻譯時可以依據(jù)語義將該長句拆分成兩個獨(dú)立的句子，即：“中國政府在致力于經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會全面進(jìn)展的進(jìn)程中，在全國范圍內(nèi)實施了有方案、有組織的大規(guī)模扶貧開發(fā)。扶貧開發(fā)以解決貧困人口的溫飽問題為主要目標(biāo)，極大地緩解了貧困現(xiàn)象?！?“致力于”可以用短語work on來表達(dá)?！胺鲐氶_發(fā)”實際上是一個項目，因而可機(jī)敏譯為a program fo

8、r development oriented poverty relief。（2）原文：北京有很多的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活給古都北京帶來了無窮的魅力。北京的胡同不僅僅是平民百姓的生活環(huán)境，而且還是一門建筑藝術(shù)。通常，胡同內(nèi)有一個大雜院，房間夠4到10個家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活布滿了友善和人情味。如今，隨著社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速進(jìn)展，很多胡同被新的高樓大廈所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下來。參考答案：In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings

9、endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full

10、of friendliness and genuine humanity. Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved.難點精析：1.帶來了無窮的魅力：翻譯為bring endless charm to。2.漢語習(xí)慣于用并列的散句或短語來表達(dá)一個語境，而英文習(xí)慣上用整句表述，句內(nèi)不太重要的信息會用介詞短語或從句來補(bǔ)充說明，如本段中“胡同內(nèi)有一個大雜院，房間夠4到10個家庭

11、的差不多20口人住”是：兩個并列關(guān)系的漢語短句，翻譯成英文時可將其次句用with介詞結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)出來，起補(bǔ)充說明的作用。3.布滿友善和人情味：翻譯為full of friendliness and genuine humanity。4.隨著社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速進(jìn)展：翻譯為with rapid social and economic development，也是with介詞短語的應(yīng)用，在句中作伴隨狀語。（3）原文：要了解中國文化，就應(yīng)當(dāng)對中國的戲曲文化有所了解。中國地方戲種類很多，其中京劇是一個具有代表性的劇種。作為一個獨(dú)立的劇種，京劇的誕生大約是在1840年至1860年。京劇是在吸取其他地方戲養(yǎng)分的基

12、礎(chǔ)上形成的。京劇有明確的角色分工;在念白上用北京方言;在音樂上以胡琴為主要伴奏樂器。由于京劇是在融合各種地方戲之精華的基礎(chǔ)上形成的，所以它不僅為北京的觀眾所鐘愛，也受到全國人民的寵愛。參考答案To understand the Chinese culture, you have to know something about the Chinese opera culture. In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one. As an indep

13、endent opera form, Peking Opera was approximately born between 1840 and 1860. Peking opera originated from absorbing the essentials of other local operas. In Peking Opera there is a clear division of roles; the spoken parts are in Beijing dialect; and huqin, is the main accompaniment instrument. Sin

14、ce Peking Opera has combined the cream of various local operas, it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country.難點精析1.要了解中國文化，就應(yīng)當(dāng)對中國的戲曲文化有所了解：該句沒有給出明確的主語，因而在翻譯時要留意：增譯主語you?！爸袊膽蚯幕笨勺g為the Chinese opera culture。2.中國地方戲種類很多，其中京劇是一個具有代表性的劇種：該句在翻譯時可以接受非限定性定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)。該句可譯為

15、：In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one.留意此處為了避開在前后分句中重復(fù)使用名詞opera而在后半句中使用了名詞性替代詞 one。3.京劇是在吸取其他地方戲養(yǎng)分的基礎(chǔ)上形成的：“在的基礎(chǔ)上形成”假如直接譯為be formed on the I basis of.會稍顯生硬，因而可以機(jī)敏譯為originate from.?！暗胤綉颉笨梢灾弊g為local opera。4.念白：“念白”指的是中國戲曲中人物的獨(dú)白或者兩者的對話，因而此處在翻譯時可

16、將其機(jī)敏譯為the I spoken parts。5.胡琴：這一特出名詞在英文中并沒有直接對應(yīng)的詞匯或表達(dá)，因而可以接受漢語拼音表示。6.它不僅為北京的觀眾所鐘愛，也受到全國人民的寵愛：“不僅 也 ”常用not onlybut also來表達(dá)。此處句中的“鐘愛”和“寵愛”同義，在翻譯后半部分內(nèi)容時可以將與前半部分重復(fù)的內(nèi)容省略，故該部分內(nèi)容可譯為：it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country。（4）原文：中歐經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易合作取得了可喜的成果。歐盟已經(jīng)成為中國的重要經(jīng)貿(mào)伙伴，是中

17、國最大的技術(shù)供應(yīng)方、第三大貿(mào)易伙伴和第五大實際投資方。2001年，中歐貿(mào)易達(dá)到766億美元，比上一年增長11%，尤其是中國從 歐盟的進(jìn)口增長了 15.8%。我格外觀賞歐中(Europe-China Business Association)與比中經(jīng)貿(mào)理事會 (Belgium-Chinese Economic and Commercial Council)為進(jìn)展中歐關(guān)系所做出的努力。中歐經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易合作具有寬敞的前景。中歐經(jīng)濟(jì)具有很強(qiáng)的互補(bǔ)性，在貿(mào)易、投資、科技等領(lǐng)域具有很大的合作潛力。參考答案：China-EU economic and trade cooperation has yielded

18、heartening fruits. The EU has now become an important economic and trade partner of China, working as the largest technology supplier, the third largest trading partner and the fifth largest actual investor in China. Bilateral trade reached 76.6 billion dollars in 2001, achieving an 11% increase com

19、pared to the previous year. In particular, Chinas imports from the EU grew by 15.8%. I highly appreciate the efforts by the Europe-China Business Association and the Belgium-Chinese Economic and Commercial Council for developing China-EU ties. China-EU trade and economic cooperation is endowed with

20、a promising future. The two economies are strongly complimentary to each other and hence enjoy huge potential for cooperation in trade, investment, science and technology areas.難點精析：1.中歐經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易合作取得了可喜的成果：EU=European Union，表示歐盟;“取得了”可譯為has got，但稍顯生硬，yield fruit意為“結(jié)果，取得成果”，用在此處更為恰當(dāng);“可喜的”可譯為heartening，還可譯

21、為 promising。2.第三大貿(mào)易伙伴和第五大實際投資方：“最大”用the largest來表示，“第幾大”則可譯為the+序數(shù)詞+largest，因此此處“第三大”譯為the third largest; “第五大”譯為the fifth largest?！百Q(mào)易伙伴”譯為trading partner; “實際投資方”譯為actual investor。3. 766億美元：應(yīng)譯為76.6 billion dollars。billion意為“10億”，而不是“1 億”。4.增長了15.8%:可譯為grew by 15.8%,還可譯為increased by 15.8%。increase的反

22、義詞為decrease，二者用 法相同，后接具體的百分比時，要與介詞by連用。5.進(jìn)展中歐關(guān)系：“關(guān)系”還可譯為relationship，但tie表示的“關(guān)系”比relationship的情感顏色更猛烈一些， ; 意為“緊密關(guān)系”，此處原文中雖沒有提及“緊密”，但很明顯是要進(jìn)展中歐的緊密關(guān)系，故譯成tie更貼合文意。6.具有很強(qiáng)的互補(bǔ)性：可譯為are strongly complimentary to each other complimentary意為“互補(bǔ)的”。7.具有很大的合作潛力：“具有”此處譯為enjoy顯得生動，帶有較強(qiáng)的感情顏色。potential后應(yīng)與介詞for 搭配。（5）原

23、文：中醫(yī)(Traditional Chinese Medicine)是中華文化不行分割的一部分，為振興華夏做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。如今，中醫(yī)和西醫(yī)(western medicine)在中國的醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域并駕齊驅(qū)。中醫(yī)以其獨(dú)特的診斷手法、系統(tǒng)的治療方式和豐富的典籍材料，備受世界矚目。中國的中醫(yī)事業(yè)由國家中醫(yī)藥管理局(State Administration of TCM and Pharmacology)負(fù)責(zé)?，F(xiàn)在國家已經(jīng)出臺了管理中醫(yī)的政策、法令和法規(guī)，引導(dǎo)并促進(jìn)這個新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的爭辯和 開發(fā)。在定義上，中醫(yī)是指導(dǎo)中國傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥理論和實踐的一種醫(yī)學(xué)，它包括中醫(yī)療法、中草藥(herbalogy)、針 灸(a

24、cupuncture )、推拿(massage)和氣功(Qigong)。參考答案：Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an integral part of Chinese culture. It has made great contributions to the prosperity of China. Today both TCM and western medicine are being used in providing medical and health services in China. TCM, with its unique d

25、iagnostic methods, systematic approach, abundant historical literature and materials, has attracted a lot of attention from the international community. In China, TCM is under the administration of State Administration of TCM and Pharmacology. National strategies, laws and regulations governing TCM

26、are now in place to guide and promote the research and development in this promising industry. TCM is defined as a medical science governing the theory and practice of traditional Chinese medicine. It includes Chinese medication, herbalogy, acupuncture, massage and Qigong.難點精析：1.不行分割的一部分：可譯為an integ

27、ral part。2.為振興華夏做出了巨大的賁獻(xiàn)：可譯為has made great contributions to the prosperity of China，其中“華夏”即“中國”或“中華”，可直接譯為China; “振興”此處翻譯成了名詞形式prosperity,還可譯為revitalization;“做出了 巨大的貢獻(xiàn)”可譯為 has made great contributions。3.并駕齊驅(qū)：此處指兩者(中醫(yī)和西醫(yī))都得以應(yīng)用，可簡潔地翻譯為both are being used。4.獨(dú)特的診斷手法、系統(tǒng)的治療方式和豐富的典籍材料：三個并列的名詞短語，可分別譯為unique

28、 ： I diagnostic methods, systematic approach和abundant historical literature and materials; “典籍材料”可理解為歷史文獻(xiàn)資料，翻譯為historical literature and materials。5.引導(dǎo)并促進(jìn)這一新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的爭辯和開發(fā)：“引導(dǎo)”譯為guide; “促進(jìn)”可譯為promote，還可譯為facilitate或further; “新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，可譯為promising industry,還可譯為new industry或emerging industry。6.中醫(yī)療法：譯為Chinese m

29、edication。Spark 星火英語：翻譯猜測十套【1】原文: 四合院（Siheyuan）是中國傳統(tǒng)民居中最重要的形式。它數(shù)量多、分布廣，并且在漢族、滿族、白族以及其他少數(shù)民族中格外流行。大多數(shù)房屋接受木質(zhì)框架。主屋在南北走向的軸線上，兩個廂房則位于四合院的兩側(cè)。家庭中的長者住在主屋中，在兩翼則是年輕一代的屋室。婦女住在內(nèi)院?？腿撕湍衅妥≡谕庠骸＿@種分布符合封建理制（feudal regulations）。四合院遍布全國的城鄉(xiāng) ，但由于各地自然條件和生活方式各有不同，因此進(jìn)展出各自的特征。北京的四合院是最具代表性的。參考答案：Siheyuan is the most important f

30、orm of Chinese traditional house. It is great in number and wide in distribution, popular among Han, Man, Bai, and some of other minority groups. Most of the houses are of wood framework. The principal room is built on the south-north axis, and two wing rooms are located on both sides of it. The fam

31、ily elders live in the principal room and wings are the bedrooms for the younger generations. Women live in inner yard. Guests and male servants live in the outer yard. This distribution is in accordance with the feudal regulations. Siheyuan spreads over towns and villages throughout china, but each

32、 developed its own characteristics as a result of respective natural conditions and different ways of life. Siheyuan in Beijing is the most representative.【2】 原文：風(fēng)水（Feng shui）是中國建筑中的一個特殊傳統(tǒng)，是古人對空間的布置與支配方法，其目的是為了實現(xiàn)建筑與環(huán)境的和諧共存。風(fēng)水的字面意思就是“風(fēng)和水”。在古代，風(fēng)水通常將從選址、設(shè)計、建筑直到內(nèi)部和外部裝修的整個過程聯(lián)系在一起。它將天、地、人三者融為一體，并且在所選的地址、方

33、位、自然法則以及人類命運(yùn)之間尋求和諧。它反對人對自然的破壞，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)人與環(huán)境的共處，這種狀態(tài)被認(rèn)為是完善、奇特的。參考答案：Feng shui, a special Chinese traditional in architecture, is the ancient Chinese practice of placement and arrangement of space to achieve coexistence in harmony with the environment. Feng shui literally translates as “wind-water”. Feng s

34、hui usually links the whole process from site selection, designing, construction and interior and exterior decoration in ancient times. It combines the trinity of the heaven, earth, and humans, and seeks harmony between selected site, orientation, nature doctrine and human fate. It repulses human de

35、struction of nature and stresses cohabitation with the environment, which is regarded as perfect and occult.【4】原文：中國結(jié)（The Chinese Knot）是一種古老的藝術(shù)形式。人們發(fā)覺，繩結(jié)可以追溯到10萬年前。中國人不僅用繩結(jié)來固定、包裹、狩獵、捕魚，還用來記錄大事，而且有些繩結(jié)純粹起裝飾作用。中國結(jié)具有文化內(nèi)涵（culture connotation）。由于結(jié)在漢語中的發(fā)音與“吉”相近，吉的意思為“福、祿、壽、喜、財、安、康”，這是中國人永恒的追求，因此有些中國結(jié)表達(dá)出人們的

36、各種愿望。例如：新婚夫婦的房間通常用一個盤長結(jié)（Pan-chang Knot）來裝飾，象征著永恒的愛情。參考答案： The Chinese Knot is an ancient art form and the artifacts could date back to 100 000 years ago. Chinese people used knots for more than just fastening, wrapping, hunting, and fishing. Knots were also used to record events, and some knots had

37、purely ornamental functions. The Chinese Knot has culture connotations. Since knot is pronounced as “Jie” in Chinese similar with the of “Ji”, which means blessing, good salary, longevity, fortune, safety and health and is the everlasting pursuit of Chinese people, some Chinese Knots express peoples

38、 various hopes. For example, the room of newlyweds is usually decorated with a Pan-long Knot to symbolize eternal love.【6】原文：乒乓球是一項強(qiáng)調(diào)耐力和反應(yīng)力量(reflexes)的運(yùn)動，盡管乒乓球本身比較小，運(yùn)動強(qiáng)度不大。不論男女老少都可以同臺公正競爭。由于是室內(nèi)運(yùn)動，所以可以常年進(jìn)行競賽或進(jìn)行練習(xí)。自從乒乓球運(yùn)動誕生以來，它已經(jīng)經(jīng)受了巨大的演化。競賽規(guī)章經(jīng)過多次的修改，并且隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和打球方式的轉(zhuǎn)變，運(yùn)動器材也發(fā)生了變化。這些改良(refinement)只是證明白乒乓

39、球運(yùn)動已經(jīng)進(jìn)展為一項格外完善的運(yùn)動，可以與我們所崇尚(with reverence)的任何一種經(jīng)典運(yùn)動相媲美。Despite its small size and moderate intensity, ping-pong is a sport that emphasizes endurance and reflexes. People of all ages and genders can play it on an equal ground. The sport is played indoors, so year-round competition and practice are po

40、ssible. Ping-pong has undergone enormous evolution since it came into being, with has experienced many revisions of rules and seen an improvement of equipment as technology and playing styles changed. Such refinement only serves as evidence that ping-pong is indeed a full-fledged sport, comparable t

41、o any of the other classics we behold with reverence.【7】原文：儒家思想是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的基石。它消滅在大約2500年前的春秋時期(the Spring and Autumn Period)，是建立在夏、商、周朝的傳統(tǒng)文化之上，并由孔子創(chuàng)立的完整觀念體系(ideological system)。儒家思想博大精深，涵蓋了人性、政治、法律、教育、哲學(xué)、道德各個領(lǐng)域。儒家文化以人本哲學(xué)(humanistic philosophy)為依托，這表現(xiàn)在它對人類個體的敬重、關(guān)注和寵愛?？偠灾?，儒家文化是世界文化遺產(chǎn)的重要組成部分，是東方文化的代表，也是中

42、國文化傳統(tǒng)的中流砥柱。Confucianism is the cornerstone of traditional Chinese culture. Founded about 2500 years ago in the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucianism is a complete ideological system created by Confucius, based on the traditional culture of the Xia, Shang, Zhou Dynasties. It is extensive and profound, covering on humanistic philosophy, politic