牛津上海版高二英語(yǔ)-情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（自制超好用）學(xué)生版

1、.高二情態(tài)動(dòng)詞專(zhuān)題本部分主要講幾種情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的常見(jiàn)用法，特別是各種情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成時(shí)態(tài)的不同意義及注意點(diǎn)，讓學(xué)生通過(guò)例句來(lái)總結(jié)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，合適自主學(xué)習(xí)性比較強(qiáng)的學(xué)員1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞定義：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又稱(chēng)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞，無(wú) 和 的變化，只能與 或 構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)；既有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞特殊，又有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞特征的稱(chēng)為半情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)及特點(diǎn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)1 只做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：must, cancould, maymight 2 可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞： 3 具有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞特征： 4 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表猜測(cè)：一肯一否三不定 一肯， 一否， 三不定。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟的 ，否認(rèn)式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加

2、 。個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有如今式和過(guò)去式兩種形式，過(guò)去式用來(lái)表達(dá)更加客氣，委婉的語(yǔ)氣，時(shí)態(tài)性不強(qiáng)，可用于過(guò)去，如今或?qū)?lái)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞屬 ，故沒(méi)有 。 我們搬不動(dòng)那箱子。 對(duì)不起，我?guī)筒簧夏恪?注意：助動(dòng)詞如do, did等與情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞最主要的區(qū)別之一是：助動(dòng)詞本身 表示人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)，而情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞那么 ，能表示說(shuō)話人對(duì) 的看法，或表示 ： What have you been doing since your last job? 構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)展體，本身無(wú)詞義 I am afraid I must be going. 一定要 You may have read some account of the matte

3、r. 或許已經(jīng)NO.1 can&could1. 用法1） 表示才能，指有才能做某事，意為“可以1 2 .2） 表示 。表示懇求，口語(yǔ)中常用could代替can，使語(yǔ)氣更委婉；意為“可否、可以。1 2 3） 在肯定句中，表示理論性的可能性；譯為“ 。要表達(dá)詳細(xì)某事實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性時(shí)，不用can，需用could, may, might。1 .2 .實(shí)際可能性4） 用在否認(rèn)、疑問(wèn)或感慨句中，意為“可能。1 2 ?5） 表示推測(cè)，用在否認(rèn)句、疑問(wèn)句和感慨句中，表示驚異、疑心、不相信等態(tài)度，意為“可能，可以注意：1 could用來(lái)表示懇求時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣委婉，主要用于 ，不能用于 ，答語(yǔ)應(yīng)用 即： 。如：Cou

4、ld I use your dictionary?Mary _ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. may not2 can和be able to辨析cancould和be able to都可以表示才能，意思上沒(méi)有區(qū)別。但can只有 ，而be able to那么有更多的形式。如：但是，表示 ，通常不用could，而用 來(lái)表示。這時(shí)， 相當(dāng)于 或 。如： 另外，表示“有才能抑制困難做成某事，還可用 或 。如：1 The fire spread through

5、 the hotel very quickly, but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 2 -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont NO.2 may&might1. 用法1） 表示允許、答應(yīng)。否認(rèn)答復(fù)一般用 ,表示“制止、阻止之意，但也可以用 最好別或 不可以，語(yǔ)氣較為委婉。1 2 2） 在表示懇求、允許時(shí)，migh

6、t比may語(yǔ)氣更委婉些。用May I征詢對(duì)方答應(yīng)在文體上比較正式，在口氣上比較客氣，在日常用語(yǔ)中，用Can I征詢對(duì)方意見(jiàn)更為常見(jiàn)。1 2 3） 表示可能性的推測(cè)，通常用在肯定句和否認(rèn)句中，含有“ 之意；用might代替may時(shí)，那么語(yǔ)氣顯得更加不肯定。1 2 4） may用于祈使句表示祝愿、但愿1 2 愿他能持續(xù)住下去。3 .愿她安息。5） 用于表讓步的狀語(yǔ)從句中1 2 6） might常用于表示 。1 2 NO.2 must&have to1. must用法1） 用于 表示說(shuō)話人有義務(wù)，有必要做某事；用于 表示命令或要求某人做某事。1 2 2） 答復(fù)帶有must的問(wèn)句時(shí)，否認(rèn)答復(fù)常用 或

7、，表示“不必，而不用mustnt1 3） 表推斷、預(yù)期或人以防止，意為“ 。1 2 .4） 表示“偏要、硬要：用于第二人稱(chēng)，意指 ；用于其它人稱(chēng)，表示 ，意為“ 1 .2 5） must的否認(rèn)有如下3種形式，用于不同場(chǎng)合：1表示“ 時(shí)，否認(rèn)意為“ ；2 表示“ 時(shí)，否認(rèn)意為“ ；3 表示“ 時(shí)，否認(rèn)意為“ 。1 2 .6） 可作名詞，表示“必須有的東西做的事1 .2 .2.have to用法1“必須，不得不，意義與must相近。但must表示的是 ，而have to那么往往強(qiáng)調(diào) 。1 2must只有一種形式，即如今式與過(guò)去式都是一種形式，而have to那么涉及各種人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)等方面的變化形式。

8、1 .2 .3兩者的否認(rèn)意義不同，mustnt表示“ ，dont have to表示 。1 .2 .NO.3 shall&should1.shall用法 1用于第一、二、三人稱(chēng)構(gòu)成的疑問(wèn)句，表示 ，表示“商量斟酌1 2 2用于第二、三人稱(chēng)陳述句中，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的 1 .許諾2 .警告3 . 命令4 . 威脅3在法律、條約、規(guī)章等文件中，無(wú)論主語(yǔ)人稱(chēng)如何， 一律用 ，表示 等。1 . 義務(wù)2 . 規(guī)定3 . 預(yù)言2. should用法1表示 ，同義詞為“ought to；表示義務(wù)，意指應(yīng)該做，且有一種道義上的責(zé)任。1 2 2表示推測(cè)，用在肯定句中，對(duì)如今的情況或可能發(fā)生的事的 。意為“ 1

9、2 .3還可以用在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中，表示一件事聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能，相當(dāng)于“ 的意思。從句謂語(yǔ)用 構(gòu)成，主句一定用虛擬語(yǔ)氣1 . 你萬(wàn)一見(jiàn)到湯姆，請(qǐng)讓他給我打個(gè) 2 . 萬(wàn)一我明天有時(shí)間，我就過(guò)來(lái)4用于疑問(wèn)句或感慨句中，表示 ，意為“ ；在疑問(wèn)句中與 連用，表示不合理，難以相信或不應(yīng)該之事；類(lèi)似構(gòu)造還有“ 1 2 例題1 Your brother seldom comes to see you, _? A. does he B. doesnt he C. will he D. isnt he2 Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _? A. wo

10、nt we B. will we C. dont we D. shall weNO.4 will&would1. Will用法1） 用于表示 。will指如今，would指過(guò)去。1 . 他是個(gè)自行其是的人。2） 表示 等，用would比用will委婉、客氣2 3） 表示習(xí) ，意為“ 多用于第三人稱(chēng)。will至如今，would指過(guò)去。1 .2 . 人們總會(huì)說(shuō)閑話。4） 表示 ，意為“ 。will表示推測(cè)比 把握大，比 把握小。1 2 5表示 指如今，有時(shí)可用如今時(shí)。1 .6用于對(duì)一個(gè)令人厭煩的壞習(xí)慣或?qū)o(wú)生命物體進(jìn)展批評(píng)假設(shè)僅陳述事實(shí)，不含厭煩情緒時(shí)，也可用如今時(shí)。1 .7用在if條件句中：1表

11、示意志，意為“ ；2 表示有禮貌的懇求或勸阻，意為“ ；3 表示對(duì) 。 1 2 .3 .8用于否認(rèn)句中，意為“ ，表示“ 1 2 2. would用法1可表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。比used to 正式，且沒(méi)有“現(xiàn)已無(wú)此習(xí)慣的含義，常與 等連用。1 2 例題1 Dont smoke in the meeting room, _ you? A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you2 - Its my birthday tomorrow. Dont forget to come to my party.- _ . A. I dont B.

12、I wont C. I cant D. I havent注意：would與used to辨析would可用來(lái)表示過(guò)去反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作，但不能 ，所以我們不能說(shuō)：“she would be a quiet girl.另外，would強(qiáng)調(diào) 。而used to那么著眼于 ，隱含 ，動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都可表示。Would可以表示不規(guī)那么的習(xí)慣，used to那么不可。如：NO.5 need&dare1. Need用法1） 用于表示“需要，必要之意。做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，僅用于否認(rèn)句和疑問(wèn)句，只有如今時(shí)，過(guò)去式要用neednt have，疑問(wèn)式用need+人稱(chēng)?,否認(rèn)式用need not即neednt1You needn

13、t have hurried.=It was not necessary for you to hurry，but you did.2） 做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其變化與一般的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一樣，后接帶to的不定式need doing = need to be done ,過(guò)去式用needed、did you need?和didnt need,肯定式用needs/needed/need, 疑問(wèn)式用do、does、did提問(wèn)，否認(rèn)式要在前面加dont、doesnt、didnt1A job like nursing needs patience and understanding.need+名詞, need un

14、derstanding=need to be understood,需要被理解2. dare用法1用于表示“敢于之意。做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，主要用于否認(rèn)句、疑問(wèn)句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中1 2用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其變化與一般的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一樣。在肯定句中，dare后接帶to的不定式；否認(rèn)句中，dare后既可接帶to的不定式，也可接不帶to的不定式。1 2He doesnt dare to go there alone.例題1 I dont know whether he _ try.A. dare B. needs C. wants D. is allowed2 -Shall I tell John

15、 about it?- No, you _. Ive told him already.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt3 Its a fine day. You _ take a raincoat with you. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may notNO.6 ought to1表示“ 之意1 2表示推測(cè)。注意與must表示推測(cè)是的區(qū)別1 . 斷定他已到家2 . 不非?？隙? . 比較直率4 . 比較含蓄專(zhuān)題精講1. “Mike is often absent from class. “Tell h

16、im he _ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that. A. shall B. will C. would D. can2. You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important. A. cannot B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. neednt3. “Is John coming by train? “He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. c

17、an C. need D. may4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. “It _ true because there was little snow there. A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be5. You _ be right, but I dont think you are. A. can B. could C. must D. should專(zhuān)題過(guò)關(guān)1. If they _ to do this work, he might do i

18、t some other way.A. wereB. shouldC. willD. can2. I was told yesterday that the company _ me to Rome next week for a business conference.A. should have sentB. were going to sendC. should be sendingD. should send3. Lets take a walk, _? A. will we B. dont we C. do we D. shall we4. He was a good swimmer

19、 so he _ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.A. could B. might C. should D. was able to5. I went to the doctors yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he _ see me.A. can B. may C. might D. could6. - _ this book be yours?- No, it _ not be mine. It _ be his.A. Can, must, mayB. May, mig

20、ht, mustC. Can, may, must D. Must, can, may7. - We didnt see him at the lecture yesterday. - “He _ it.A. mustnt attend B. cant have attended C. would have not attended D. needed have attended8. They _ the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason.A. can have missed B. ma

21、y have missedC. can have lost D. may have lost9. Since the ground is white, it _ last night.A. had snowed B. must have snowedC. must be snowing D. must have been snowing10. You must be fifty, _?A. mustnt you B. neednt you C. arent you D. maynt you11. You must have seen him off yesterday, _?A. havent

22、 you B. didnt you C. mustnt you D. neednt you12. - That must be a mistake.- No .it _ be.A. cant B. isnt able to C. can D. was able to13. He had known the matter before you told him, so you _ have told it to him.A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. shouldnt14. How _ so?A. dare you to say B. dare you say C.

23、 do you dare say D. dare to say15. You are their teacher. You _ care of them.A. should to take B. might to take C. ought to take D. need to take16. She is studying medical science now but she _ a lawyer.A. used to be B. would be C. were D. had been17. If you were in an English-speaking country, you,

24、 too, _ English every day.A. will be used to speak B. will be used to speakingC. must be used to speak D. would be used to speaking18. I did not call to make my airline reservation 預(yù)訂 but I _.A. should have B. may have C. must have D. shall have19. She _ get up at six every day when she was in colle

25、ge.A. would B. will C. might D. should20. Dont you remember that we _ to the cinema tonight?A. would go B. go C. are going D. will be goneNO.7 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done1. must have done1) 表示 對(duì)過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進(jìn)展推測(cè)，意為“ ; 1 .2其否認(rèn)式為“ ，意為“ ，指“對(duì)過(guò)去行為有把握的否認(rèn)。2 .2. may/might have done1表示對(duì)過(guò)去已發(fā)生行為的推測(cè)，意為“ ；1 .2常用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中；1 .3“might

26、 have done用于提出批評(píng)，表示 等，還可表示“ ，這時(shí)，句中常有將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，或句子描繪的是將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)候會(huì)發(fā)生的事。用might那么表示語(yǔ)氣更加不肯定。1 2 .3. canhave done cannot have done1 could have done 用于對(duì)過(guò)去可能性的推斷，意為“ ，在肯定句中，指“ ；用于疑問(wèn)句或否認(rèn)句，表示對(duì) ；1 . 對(duì)是否已將信發(fā)出無(wú)把握2） could have done 意為“ ，指“ 常用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示 等；2 .3） can have done 僅用于 句，表示從如今目光看過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，但“could + have done既可表示從 的

27、目光看還可表示從 的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)看之前發(fā)生的事情。3 .4. might have done表示“ 。另外，還可以表示“ 之意，含有細(xì)微的責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣。1 .2 5. should/ought to have done1 用于肯定句時(shí)，表示 ；用于否認(rèn)句時(shí)，那么表示 ; 1 2) 用于對(duì)過(guò)去的推斷，說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為“ ，說(shuō)話人不能肯定，只是試探性地得出結(jié)論，語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn)；1 3) 對(duì)已發(fā)生的事表示“驚奇、絕望、憤怒等情緒。1 6. neednt have done表示做了本來(lái)不必去做的事。注意： 表示“沒(méi)必要做而實(shí)際上也沒(méi)有做某事1 .2 .7. will/would have done用于推測(cè)過(guò)去，意為“

28、，指“說(shuō)話人確信某事已發(fā)生，但并不確知，并用于 人稱(chēng)：1） 假如以如今為時(shí)間點(diǎn)，可以用“will have done；2） 假如以過(guò)去為時(shí)間點(diǎn)，只能用“would have done；3） will have done也用于推測(cè)將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間前已經(jīng)完成。1 .8. had better have done用于事后的建議，含細(xì)微責(zé)備的口吻，意為“ ，其否認(rèn)式 表示相反的含義。1 2 9. would rather have done表示“當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了某事，其否認(rèn)式would rather not have done表示相反的含義，兩者都表示“懊悔之意。1 .2 .專(zhuān)題精講1. “Do you th

29、ink he is lazy? “I _ so once, but I dont now. A. may have thought B. can have thoughtC. may think D. might think2. Their answers are exactly the same one of them _ from the other. A. must copy B. must have copied C. should copy D. should have copied3. There were already five people in the car, but t

30、hey managed to take me as well. It_a comfortable journey. A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 4. I cant find my purse anywhere. -You _ have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would專(zhuān)題過(guò)關(guān)1. You didnt wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?No, but we _. He didnt return home at all.A. couldnt have waitedB. neednt haveC. didnt need to