英語讀寫任務(wù)技巧解題指導

1、英語讀寫任務(wù)技巧解題指導“讀寫任務(wù)”不僅僅是語言知識和語言功能的測試，也考察了我們的歸納能力、觀察能力、思維能力、組織能力和寫作技巧多方面運用的能力。    下面先分析一下2007年的廣東省高考讀寫任務(wù)真題。Dear Ari, As you sleep in my arms, I'm amazed at how light you feel. I stare at your tiny body, so fragile that a sudden wind could lift you up into the air. I love this feeling of p

2、rotecting you and dreaming of all I have in store for you. I intend to bring you up to be brave and successful in an often difficult society. That's why your mommy and I have named you Ari, which means “l(fā)ion”. It's our hope that you will grow strong and eagerly grasp every opportunity to do

3、well for yourself and others.     Before you came into the world, we had spent months imagining what you'd be like. Would you be a boy or a girl? Would you look like Mommy, Daddy or your elder brothers? Anyway, we would find out soon.     Finally your mother's labor came.

4、 And several hours later, we met the first time. I held you high up in the air. I then was able to cut your umbilical cord (臍帶) and put you in your mother's arms. She still had enough energy to radiate the love while she pressed you to her face.     And here we are tonight. As I hold y

5、ou close, you sleep so peacefully. I press my ear to your chest and hear your strength. I am listening to the first beats of a lion's heart. Welcome to the world, Ari. Love                            

6、                                                     Daddy 寫作內(nèi)容    假設(shè)你就是信中的Ari，父親在你出生的時候?qū)懥诉@封信。今天是父親50歲生日，你準備以寫信的方式，

7、祝賀他的生日。以下是信的內(nèi)容(信的開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)為你寫好)：     1以約30個詞概括父親在他信中對你的期望；     2以約120個詞表達你對父親的感恩，并包括如下要點：     (1)讀信后的感受；     (2)以你自己成長的經(jīng)歷說明你的感受；     (3)表達你對父親的感激和祝福。 寫作要求    1作文中可使用自己的親身經(jīng)歷或虛構(gòu)的故事，也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容但不得直接引用原文中的句子；     2信中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學校名稱。 評分標準

8、概括準確，語言規(guī)范，內(nèi)容合適，篇章連貫。本試題要求考生考生讀一封信后回信。思路是：1、按照要求概括特定內(nèi)容；2、寫一封信表達對父親的感恩。注意事項1、概括部分要點如下（僅概括父親對孩子的期望）：To become brave and successful;To grow srong;To do well for yourself and others;2、內(nèi)容包括：a.讀后感；b.要用自己的經(jīng)歷說明感受；c.對父親的感激和祝福。       Summary評分標準：（1）完全照抄，0分；（2）只改人稱的，1分；（3）稍微抄原文，改主語、賓語、原文詞序的，

9、2分；（4）創(chuàng)造性地抄，改主語、賓語、原文詞序還有句子結(jié)構(gòu)的，3分；（5）結(jié)構(gòu)、用詞，詞性變化比較好的，4到5分。     從評分標準可以看出改寫非常重要，我們平時要加強訓練和積累。接下來咱們分析一下讀寫任務(wù)的特點：1、對句子數(shù)沒限定，但對詞數(shù)有明顯的限定（150個字）。2、內(nèi)容上要求對所給材料進行客觀、準確全面的轉(zhuǎn)述的觀點，同時對其觀點進行判斷，表明肯定、否定或折中的立場。3、量化上比較寬泛，概括和發(fā)表自己看法的詞數(shù)分別在30和120左右；“至少包含以下內(nèi)容”說明我們可以適當增加相關(guān)內(nèi)容。4、語言運用上要求文章具備概括的準確性、語言的規(guī)范性、內(nèi)容的合適

10、性及篇章的連貫性。解題技巧：1、概括大意之前：（1）把握寫作動機；（2）找尋文章的觀點和主題。2、分析歸納文章之間的邏輯關(guān)系，并用自己的話概括。3、概括要全面，刪除細節(jié)，只要主要事實。4、從第一段到第二段要過渡自然。在引言中就必須解釋要要討論的問題，并明白亮出自己的觀點。5、用事實論證自己的觀點時，可采用歸納法和演繹法等。6、結(jié)論部分可以用一兩句話來結(jié)束文章。同時我們要注意與引言呼應(yīng)。2007年高考英語“讀寫任務(wù)”考情分析2007年廣東省高考英語科評卷，對“讀寫任務(wù)”的情況有個大體的了解?，F(xiàn)歸納如下。一個主題：感恩。兩個部分:第一部分讀?？忌柘乳喿x一篇父親在兒子出生當天寫給兒子的信，然后用3

11、0個左右的詞將父親對兒子的期望概括出來。第二部分情景假設(shè)。假設(shè)今天是父親50歲生日，你準備以寫信的方式祝賀他的生日。在信中先談讀信后的感受，并以你的成長經(jīng)歷說明你的感受，最后要向父親表達你的感激和祝福。三個要點：父親的期望、以經(jīng)歷說明感受、感激和祝福。四種審題錯誤:1不會寫信，連簡單的感激和祝福的話都沒有。2按照平時訓練的模式寫作文，寫成了關(guān)于父愛（或父愛重要性）的議論文，或者是先寫一小段父子故事的記敘，再加一大段議論的議論文。3沒有看清是寫給自己父親的信，主體部分不斷出現(xiàn)his father或者he。4詳細描寫了父子故事，寫成了純記敘文。五種概括情況:除空白外，考生的概括部分有以下五種情況：

12、1. 亂抄把閱讀材料的某個文段胡亂抄下來。2機械地抄沒有對所抄寫的表“期望”的詞進行改動。3概括較完整，但原文詞序不變。如：You hope me to be brave and successful in the often difficult society. It was your hope that I will grow strong and eagerly grasp opportunity to do well for others.4轉(zhuǎn)述較好，但語言表達一般。如：You hope that I can be brave and successful in the society

13、. You also hope I will be strong and catch opportunity to do well for myself and others.5概括較為優(yōu)秀。如：(1)I deeply understand your expectation that I grow strong and brave. You also wanted me to catch every chance to be a successful man and be helpful to the society.(2)    You hoped that I woul

14、d grow strong and do well for others as well as for myself. Besides, you expected me to overcome difficulties bravely and successfully.(3)You wished me to be strong-minded and successful. You were looking forward to seeing me fight for my future bravely and do well for myself and others.六大熱門“經(jīng)歷”：1風雨

15、夜背/送我去醫(yī)院，父親一夜未眠。2學騎自行車時，父親對我嚴格要求。3不承認打碎了花瓶（或家中某個物品），父親教我要誠實。4父親對我很嚴格（不準外出過夜或不準玩電腦游戲），我認為父親不愛我，甚至有時恨他，后來誤會消除。5在學習或交友方面失敗，父親鼓勵和教導我，后來我成功了。6外出玩耍時遇到蛇或在馬路上受了傷，父親及時趕到救了我。七種典型問題：1審題錯誤。2沒有分段。（此條被視為扣分點）3概括完全抄襲原文，沒有采用改變詞性、轉(zhuǎn)換句型等常見的改寫手段。4時態(tài)錯誤。寫經(jīng)歷，要用過去時；寫過去之前發(fā)生的事，要用過去完成時；如果寫過去父親對我的期望，要用過去將來時。（這可能是命題者的預設(shè)考點之一）5單詞錯

16、誤。既有拼寫錯誤，也有使用錯誤(如詞性、詞形等)?，F(xiàn)摘錄一二：You taugh me., I finded the way和every things/days。6中式英語，即語法或表達上的錯誤。如：I find that you very love me.It rain hardly, you said it all right, you call a taxi but no come.7不合適或不準確的句型運用。如：It is universally acknowledged that I wasnt a child any more.I will try my best to spare

17、 no effort to live a happy life.三條建議：1. 合理安排解題時間?？紙鲋胁簧賹W生到寫作文時僅剩15分鐘，沒有足夠的時間去認真審題。2. 寫作內(nèi)容要突出重點。以今年的作文為例，“經(jīng)歷”是用來說明“感受”的，所以，用簡單的三四句話概括出經(jīng)歷即可。3. 重視詞匯和句型的積累。我們要將常用句型或句式按照新課標附錄里的話題和功能項目進行分類，達到熟練運用的程度。如何寫好30詞的summary?一、考綱要求1概括的準確性；2字數(shù)大約30詞；3不要抄襲閱讀材料中的句子。二、難點分析1如何迅速、準確地捕捉要點；2如何巧妙串連，將要點串成篇章；3如何靈活詮釋，避免抄襲的嫌疑。三、

18、解題思路1.巧妙利用主題，預測材料內(nèi)容。讀寫任務(wù)先讀后寫。那么“讀”的材料肯定是與要“寫”的材料話題是相同的，至少是相關(guān)的。因此，我們可以利用這一關(guān)系來進行有效的預測。比如：有一道題的主題是“學校該不該分班”，那么，我們可以根據(jù)這個話題進行如下預測：(1）閱讀材料的論點是什么：該？不該？(2）論據(jù)是什么：該的理由？不該的理由？(3）如何論證：有無實例？如有，又是什么實例？這樣，心中有了疑問，就好比大海航行有了指南針一樣，只要循著這一方向去找，一定能在最短的時間里到達大洋的彼岸迅速捕捉要點。2.分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，準確捕捉要點。有了“指南針”之后，捕捉短文要點就容易多了。那么，如何才能快速、準確地捕捉

19、到文章的要點呢？首先，從文體入手。一般來說，讀寫任務(wù)里的閱讀材料按文體可以分成兩種：議論文和記敘文。議論文有三要素，即論點、論據(jù)、論證，文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)多數(shù)為總分結(jié)構(gòu)、分總結(jié)構(gòu)、平行結(jié)構(gòu)等。因此，我們通?？梢匀サ谝欢位蜃詈笠欢握艺擖c。3.理清邏輯關(guān)系，選擇合適連詞。在捕捉到文章的要點之后，接下來就是要理清他們之間的邏輯關(guān)系，再找到適當?shù)倪B接詞，自然銜接，使之成為一個連貫的語段。4.靈活變化表達，適度進行改寫。理清要點之間的邏輯關(guān)系之后，不能簡單地照搬原句，還必須進行適度的改寫，即用自己的話進行改寫，才符合“不要抄襲閱讀材料中的句子”的要求。那么，如何才能達到“雁過不留痕”的效果呢？(1)同義替換

20、。即用同義或近義的詞語或句型改寫。(2)語態(tài)互換。即主語語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。(3)非謂語動詞短語與從句的互換。(4)合并句子。就是將幾個意義聯(lián)系緊密的句子合并為一句話。5. 削“枝”去“葉”，實行精“兵”裁“員”。由于字數(shù)有限制，所以在寫summary時還應(yīng)采取一些必要的手段來進行精“兵”裁“員”,減少字數(shù)。慣常采用的方法有：(1)主謂縮寫。如they willtheyll; we arewere; should notshouldnt; can notcant等。(2)句式省略。如When he crossed the road=when crossing the road. If the

21、yre corrected too much=if corrected too much.(3)使用代詞或含有替代含義的詞。如有學生這樣寫：Once a king wanted to cover the road with leather to protect his feet. A servant advised the king not to cover the road and just make a pair of shoes for himself. Finally the king agreed and made shoes for himself. 這時，我們可以利用代詞將其改寫

22、如下：Once a king wanted to cover the road with leather to protect his feet, but he was persuaded not to do so. Instead, he made a pair of shoes to achieve the same goal.四、避免誤區(qū)1. 要點不齊，表達籠統(tǒng)。2. 抄襲原文，窮于變化。3. 不夠客觀，喧賓奪主。在寫summary時，要依照作者的觀點，客觀地轉(zhuǎn)述其要點，不要強加自己的觀點。避免這種嫌疑的最佳方法就是在文首加上這樣的字眼：According to the passage/

23、the author讀寫任務(wù)基本寫作模板標題第一段: 概括所給短文內(nèi)容要點約30字第二段: 渡詞引出主題句-自己的觀點-理由約100字第三段: 總結(jié)句約20字標題標題是段落中心思想的精練表達形式。根據(jù)所寫短文的內(nèi)容，概括出中心思想然后加以提煉，擬定標題；Is time more valuable than moneyOn SmokingHow to make friendsHappinessIs watching TV a good thing?My view of money / time / pollutionMy attitude toward building a car factor

24、y第一段：概括所給短文內(nèi)容要點注意利用原文中所給的語言材料，用自己的話來寫；概括后的文章意思要通順，行文要連貫。寫作具體方法和要求:1. 第一段概括要做到開門見山，要抓住要點, 語言精練。例如: 1) According to the passage, we know2) This article is mainly about3) The writer states that4) As can be learn this passage,5) As the passage says that2.  第二段要做到有層次感：過渡詞引出主題句-自己的觀點-理由。必要時概括段中運

25、用firstly,secondly,lastly,          或but, so等來列出原文作者觀點或內(nèi)容。第二段的開頭用語：I do agree with the authorIn some way, I agree with , butThis opinion sounds right but is hardly practical.It is definitely not like that. As a matter of fact, From my personal angle aloneIn my opinion,Fr

26、om my personal point of viewAs far as Im concernedIt reminds me of I also experience such a before. When I As to me第三段最后一段總結(jié)句開頭用語：In conclusion,In short,To make a long story short,In general,In a word,In belief,On the whole,All in all,To sum up ,In brief,讀寫任務(wù)步驟一、        審讀閱讀材料：尋找

27、作者的論點,論據(jù)和結(jié)論；二、概括原文觀點：轉(zhuǎn)述作者的論點，論據(jù)和結(jié)論；三、提出自己觀點：贊成或反對，觀點要鮮明，不能自相矛盾；四、論證自己觀點：用事例論證自己的觀點；五、得出結(jié)論。下面是一些常用的一些功能詞：表示時間順序的:First,later,next,then,finally,before,after,soon,previously, immediately，formerly       原來,subsequently隨后，meanwhile,presently目前，initially最初，ultimately最后，表示舉例的：For exampl

28、e ,for instance,such as ,表示列舉的：And ,firstly ,second,third,last,another,next,finally,furthermore表示補充的：Also ,in addition,and ,further,another,as well as, besides, too, either,表示比較或反差的：比較類like,likewise,similarly,as,at the same time,as well as,in comparison,both,all反差類 on the other hand,in contrast,howe

29、ver,but,in spite of,despite,nevertheless,on the contrary, instead, rather,though,yet,regardless,although, unlike,even though, whereas,表示強調(diào)的：Important to note,most,above all,especially valuable,a central issue,especially relevant,should be noted,the most substantial issue,remember that ,a major event

30、,the principal item,pay particular attention to,the chief factor,most of all,a significant factor,a primary concern,a key feature,the main value,表示因果類的：Because,accordingly,for this reason,hence,resulting,as a result, so ,then ,thus,therefore,since,consequently,表示總結(jié)類的:Thus ,in short,to conclude,in br

31、ief,in the end,in summary,to sum up,in conclusion,finally,therefore,as already stated,all in all, in a word,in general,it may be briefly summed up as follows;from what has been mentioned above,we can come to the conclusion that清華大學英語系測試：為中學英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站： 清華大學英語教授50年研究成果高一閱讀理解（一）(A) Miss Gogers taught

32、physics in a New York school.Last month she explained to one of her classes about sound, and she decided to test them to see how successful she had been in her explanation. She said to them,“Now I have a brother in Los Angeles.If I was calling him on the phone and at the same time you were 75 feet a

33、way, listening to me from across the street, which of you would hear what I said earlier, my brother or you and for what reason?” Tom at once answered,“Your brother. Because electricity travels faster than sound waves.”“Thats every good,”Miss Gogers answered; but then one of the girls raised her han

34、d, and Miss Gogers said.“Yes, Kate.” “I disagree,”Kate said.“Your brother would hear you earlier because when its 11 oclock here its only 8 oclock in Los Angeles.” 1.Miss Gogers was teaching her class_. A.how to telephone B.about electricity C.about time zone(時區(qū)) D.about sound 2.Miss Gogers raised t

35、his question because she wanted to know whether_. A.it was easy to phone to Los Angeles B.her student could hear her from 75 feet away C.her students had grasped her lesson D.sound waves were slower than electricity 3.Tom thought that electricity was _. A.slower than sound waves B.faster than sound

36、waves C.not so fast as sound waves D.as fast as sound waves 4.Kate thought Tom was wrong because _. A.clocks in Los Angeles showed a different time from those in New York B.electricity was slower than sound waves C.Tom was not good at physics at all D.Toms answer had nothing to do with sound waves 5

37、.Whose answer do you think is correct according to the law of physics? A.Toms B.Kates C.Bath A and B D.Neither A nor B (2)It was Monday. Mrs Smiths dog was hungry, but there was not any meat in the house.Considering that there was no better way. Mrs Smith took a piece of paper, and wrote the followi

38、ng words on it:“Give my dog half a pound of meat.”Then she gave the paper to her dog and said gently:“Take this to the butcher(*person whose job is selling meat). and hes going to give you your lunch today.”Holding the piece of paper in its mouth, the dog ran to the butchers. It gave the paper to th

39、e butcher. The butcher read it carefully, recognized that it was really the ladys handwriting and soon did it as he was asked to. The dog was very happy, and ate the meat up at once.At noon, the dog came to the shop again. It gave the butcher a piece of paper again. After reading it. he gave it half

40、 a pound of meat once more.The next day, the dog came again exactly at noon. And as usual, it brought a piece of paper in the mouth. This time, the butcher did not take a look at paper, and gave the dog its meat, for he had regarded the dog as one of his customers (*people who buy sth. from a shop).

41、But, the dog came again at four oclock. And the same thing happened once again. To the butchers more surprise, it came for the third time at six oclock, and brought with it a third piece of paper. The butcher felt a bit puzzled. He said to himself,“This is a small dog. Why does Mrs Smith give it so

42、much meat to eat today?”Looking at the piece of paper, he found that there were not any words on it!6.Mrs Smith treated her little dog quite_.A.cruelly B.fairly C.kindly D.friendly7.It seemed that the dog knew well that the paper Mrs Smith gave it_.A.might do it much harmB.could do it much goodC.wou

43、ld help the butcherD.was worth many pounds8.The butcher did not give any meat to the dog _.A.before he felt sure that the words were really written by Mrs SmithB.when he found that the words on the paper were not clearC.because he had sold out all the meat in his shopD.until he was paid enough by Mr

44、s Smith9.From its experience, the dog found that _.A.only the paper with Mrs Smiths words in it could bring it meatB.the butcher would give the meat to it whenever he saw itC.Mrs Smith would pay for the meat it got from the butcherD.a piece of paper could bring it half a pound of meat10.At the end o

45、f the story, youll find that _.A.the dog was clever enough to write on the paper B.the dog dared not go to the butchers any moreC.the butcher was told not to give any meat to the dogD.the butcher found himself cheated(*act in a way that is not honest)by the clever animal(C)Started in 1636, Harvard U

46、niversity is the oldest of all the many colleges and universities in the United States. Yale,Princeton, Columbia and Dartmouth were opened soon after Harvard.In the early years, these school were much.alike(*similar).Only young men went to college. All the students studied the same subjects,and ever

47、yone learned Latin, Greek and Hebrew. Little was known about science then, and one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world. When the students graduated(*畢業(yè)),most of them became ministers or teachers.In 1782, Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to be

48、come doctors. Later, lawyers could receive their training(*訓練)in Harvards law school. In 1825, besides Latin and Greek, Harvard began teaching modern languages, such as French and German. Soon it began teaching American history.As knowledge increased, Harvard and other colleges began to teach many n

49、ew subjects. Students were allowed to choose the subjects that interested them.Today, there are many different kinds of colleges and universities. Most of them are made up of smaller schools that deal with(涉及)special fields of learning. Theres so much to learn that one kind of school cant offer it a

50、ll.11.The oldest university in the US is _.A.Yale B.Harvard C.Princeton D.Columbia12.From the second paragraph, we can see that in the early years,_.A.those colleges and universities were the sameB.people, young or old, might study in the collegesC.students studied only some languages and scienceD.w

51、hen the students finished their school, they became lawyers or teachers13.Modern languages the Harvard taught in 1825 were _.A.Latin and GreekB.Latin, Green, French and GermanC.American history and GermanD.French and German14.As knowledge increased, colleges began to teach_.A.everything that was kno

52、wnB.law and something about medicineC.many new subjectsD.the subjects that interested students15.On the whole, the passage is about_.A.how to start a universityB.the world-famous colleges in AmericaC.how colleges have changedD.what kind of lesson each college teaches答案： 1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.C 7.B 8

53、.A 9.D 10.D 11.B 12.A 13.D 14.C 15.C清華大學英語系測試：為中學英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站： 清華大學英語教授50年研究成果高考高頻詞組（734個）abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于；遵守。 2. be absent from. 缺席，不在 3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉 4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引的注意力(被動語態(tài))be absorbed i n 全神貫注于近be engrossed in ; be lost in ;

54、be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on 5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有 6. access(to) (不可數(shù)名詞) 能接近,進入,了解 7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地, 8. of ones own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿

55、地 ,主 動地 9. in accord with 與一致 . out of ones accord with 同.不一致 10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地 11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根據(jù) 12. on ones own account 1) 為了某人的緣故, 為了某人自己的利益 2) (=at ones own risk) 自行負責 3) (=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 賒賬; on account of 因為; on no acco

56、unt不論什么原因也不;of account 有.重要性. 13. takeinto account(=consider)把.考慮進去 14. give sb. an account of 說明, 解釋 (理由) 15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解釋, 說明. 16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因為. 17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)絕不要,無論如何不要(放句首時句 子要倒裝) 18. accuseof(=chargewith;

57、 blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告 19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)習慣于. 20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially ) 熟悉 21. act on 奉行,按照行動; act as 扮演; act for 代理 22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己適應(yīng)于 23. adapt(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改編, 改寫(以適應(yīng)新的需要) 24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之 25. in addition to(=as well as, besid