2016新課標(biāo)創(chuàng)新人教英語選修七Unit1Section

1、語法初識(shí)原句感知自主探究To say something is one thing; to do it is another.It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. Unfortunately, the doctors don't know how to make me better, but I'm very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my d

2、isability. Her ambition is to become part of the national team for the next Paralympic Games.I told Jeff to join the club, but he wouldn't listen.I am happy to have found many things I can do, like writing and computer programming. Volunteering gives you a chance to change lives, including your

3、own.(1)句中動(dòng)詞不定式短語作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。(2)句中it 為形式主語，動(dòng)詞不定式短語為真正主語。(3)句中動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)how to make me better和to adapt to my disability作賓語。(4)句中動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to become part of .作表語。(5)句動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to join .作賓語補(bǔ)足語。(6)句動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to have found .作狀語。(7)句動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to change lives作定語，不定式作定語位于所修飾的詞之后。語法剖析主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)意義一般時(shí)to doto be done表示動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)

4、作同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之后完成時(shí)to have doneto have been done表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前進(jìn)行時(shí)to be doing表示謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行Father warned me not to drive after drinking.父親警告我不要酒后開車。I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long.很抱歉讓你等了那么長時(shí)間。 We didn't expect you to be waiting for us here.我們沒有想到你會(huì)在這兒等我們。I think it's an ho

5、nor to have been given a chance to speak at the meeting.被給予機(jī)會(huì)在會(huì)上發(fā)言我感到榮幸。即時(shí)演練1單句語法填空Tell her we shall be delighted to come (come)Robert is said to have studied (study) abroad, but I don't know which country he studied in.The factory to be built (build) here next year is a car factory.The book is

6、said to have been translated (translate) into four languages so far.When he came in, I happened to be reading (read) the novel.1不定式作主語To make money is not the only purpose of our life.賺錢不是我們生活的唯一目的。點(diǎn)津(1)不定式作主語時(shí)，常用 it 作形式主語，而將作主語的不定式放在句子后面。(2)特殊句式：It feels adj. to do sth. “做某事給人以的感覺”。It is important

7、to master a foreign language.掌握一門外語很重要。It feels good to return home after so many years abroad.多年在國外之后回到家鄉(xiāng)，感覺好極了！2不定式作賓語常接不定式而不接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞及短語有：“決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望”： decide/determine, learn, want, hope/wish/expect/long“設(shè)法假裝在拒絕”：manage, pretend, refuse“主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃”：offer, promise, choose, plan“同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫”：agree, ask/beg

8、, help外加 afford, fail, would like/love, threaten。I didn't expect to see you here.我沒有料到在這兒見到你。點(diǎn)津不定式作賓語后跟賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，常把不定式后移而用形式賓語 it 代替，常見句式：think/believe/consider/find/feel, etc. it adj./n. 不定式。I think it necessary to send for an expert.我認(rèn)為請(qǐng)位專家來是有必要的。3不定式作表語不定式常用在系動(dòng)詞 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表

9、語。其主語常常是wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等表示意向、打算、計(jì)劃的詞。如果主語部分有表示不定式內(nèi)容的do的各種形式(do, does, did, done), 用作表語的不定式可省略to。His dream is to become a doctor.他的夢(mèng)想是成為一名醫(yī)生。All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.你得做的就是馬上完工。4不定式作定語(1)不定式作定語，一般都是作后置定語，修飾前面的名詞或代詞。如果其邏輯主語是句子的主語，不定式用主動(dòng)形式；如果這個(gè)不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)

10、有相應(yīng)的介詞。She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings.晚上她經(jīng)常有很多會(huì)議要開。The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家有一幢舒適的房子可以居住。(2)動(dòng)詞不定式常常放在抽象名詞attempt, ability, chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, plan, way或不定代詞something, nothing等后面作后置定語。Do you have the ability to read

11、and write in English?你具備讀寫英語的能力嗎？(3)當(dāng)名詞被 first, next, second, last, 以及 only 等詞修飾時(shí)，其后常用不定式作定語。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上第一個(gè)獲得金牌的女性。5不定式作狀語不定式作狀語常表示目的、原因或結(jié)果。(1)非謂語動(dòng)詞作目的狀語時(shí)，常采用不定式形式。常見表達(dá)形式為 to do, in order to do, so as to do, 其中 so as to do 一般不置于句首。In ord

12、er to/To get a good seat, she arrived early.她早點(diǎn)到為的是找個(gè)好座位。(2)不定式與only/never 等構(gòu)成不定式短語作結(jié)果狀語，常表示出乎意料的情況。而現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語常表示自然而然的現(xiàn)象。He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty.他匆忙趕到那所房子里，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)空無一人。He came late twice a week, making his boss angry.他一周遲到兩次，使得老板很生氣。(3)某些形容詞作表語，表示“喜、怒、哀、樂”，后跟不定式常表示原因。T

13、he old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy to watch anything that happened to be on.老人每天晚上坐在電視機(jī)前，看電視上播放的任何電視節(jié)目都很高興。(后半句是形容詞短語作伴隨狀語。)(4)用于“be性質(zhì)形容詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中。常見的形容詞有：easy, hard, difficult, interesting, heavy, pleasant, light, good, fit, comfortable, safe, dangerous, impossible等。The bo

14、x is not easy to carry.這個(gè)箱子不易攜帶。點(diǎn)津在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式to do用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。6不定式作補(bǔ)語(賓補(bǔ)或主補(bǔ))(1)常接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語或主語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有 ask, beg, cause, help, force, allow, permit, advise, order, get, want, wish, tell 等。Jim told me to give his best wishes to everyone here.吉姆讓我替他向在這兒的各位問好。You are asked to wait here.有人讓你在這兒等著。(2)不定式作賓補(bǔ)位

15、于使役動(dòng)詞(let, make, have等)和感官動(dòng)詞(see, notice, hear, watch, listen to等)后面時(shí)不定式符號(hào)to須去掉。但當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)變?yōu)橹餮a(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to必須加上。I saw him enter the room.我看見他進(jìn)了房間。He was seen to enter the room.有人看見他進(jìn)了房間。點(diǎn)津(1)think, consider, suppose, believe, imagine, prove, find 等動(dòng)詞后常用 to be 作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Imagine yourself (to be) in his place.設(shè)想你處于

16、他的位置。(2)hope, demand, suggest, refuse, welcome, arrange, insist, prevent 等后不接不定式作賓補(bǔ)。即時(shí)演練221.單句語法填空It is not good for you to smoke (smoke) so much.I found it necessary to talk (talk) to him again.She went to the hospital to see (see) her grandfather yesterday.22.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換To catch the 5：00 bus early in th

17、e morning is not a good idea.It is not a good idea to catch the 5：00 bus early in the morning.Someone saw him go upstairs following his brother.He was seen to go upstairs following his brother.The boy is the only student who has seen the movie.The boy is the only student to see the movie.1不定式的省略(1)在

18、 feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make 等詞(短語)后的補(bǔ)足語中，不定式不帶to。但是當(dāng)含這些詞的句子變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，須帶 to。I often hear him sing the song.He is often heard to sing the song (by me)(我)經(jīng)常聽到他唱這首歌。(2)動(dòng)詞不定式在介詞 but, except 后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞 do 的某種形式， 那么，這些介詞后的不定式常不帶 to，否則要帶 to。The bus had

19、passed by. They had nothing to do but wait. ( They had no choice but to wait.)公交車已經(jīng)過去了，他們別無選擇只能等。(3)短語 had better, cannot but, cannot help but, cannot choose but 等之后跟不帶 to 的不定式。They couldn't choose but stay there.他們不得不待在那兒。(4)在特定的上下文里，為了避免重復(fù)前面已出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞，可以用不定式符號(hào)來代替不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：have to, be able to, be goi

20、ng to, used to, be glad to, ought to等之后；hope, want, mean, intend, decide, would like等之后；tell, ask, warn, allow等之后的賓語補(bǔ)足語。I don't go swimming now but I used to.我現(xiàn)在不去游泳，但我過去常去(游泳)。點(diǎn)津如果不定式 to 之后的動(dòng)詞是be或助動(dòng)詞have, 要保留 to 后的 be 或 have。China is no longer what it used to be.中國已今非昔比。Have you told Allen abou

21、t the concert?你告訴艾倫音樂會(huì)的情況了嗎？Sorry, but I ought to have.對(duì)不起，我本應(yīng)該告訴他的。(5)Why (not) do .? 結(jié)構(gòu)中要省略不定式符號(hào)to。Why turn off the gas?為什么要把煤氣關(guān)掉？2不定式的否定形式動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是在不定式的符號(hào)to前直接加上not，有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)也可以用否定副詞never來否定。It's wrong of you not to go to school on time.沒有按時(shí)到校是你的錯(cuò)誤。3“疑問詞動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)疑問詞“what, how, when, where, whic

22、h動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可作主語、表語和賓語等。How to solve the problem is very important.(主語)如何解決這一問題很重要。He didn't know what to ask.(賓語)他不知道該問些什么。My question is when to start.(表語)我的問題是何時(shí)開始。即時(shí)演練331.單句語法填空I had nothing to do but wait (wait) outside of the gate.He was advised not to smoke (not smoke) any longer.No one know

23、s what to do (do) next.32.完成句子Don't touch anything before you unless your teacher tells you to不要碰你面前的任何東西，除非老師讓你去碰。Why not visit the museum?為什么不去參觀博物館呢？鏈接高考單句語法填空1(2016·北京高考)To make (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.2(2015·全國卷)When a new

24、day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool (cool) the house during the hot day.3(2015·廣東高考)Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees to sell (sell) the wood.4(2015·北京高考)To catch (catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in ad

25、vance and got up very early.5(2015·湖南高考)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students to talk (talk) over what is bothering them.6(2015·陜西高考)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on to thank (thank) all the people who had helped in her career.7(

26、2014·全國卷)It took years of work to reduce (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.8(2014·全國卷)I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused to stop (stop) until we reached the next stop.9(2013·陜西高考)Let those in need understand (understand) that we wi

27、ll go all out to help them.針對(duì)演練.單句語法填空1Group activities will be organized after class to help (help) children develop team spirit.2Martin showed no anxiety about the competition. He seemed to have prepared (prepare) for it pretty well.3The boy was seen to fall (fall) suddenly from the tree.4Kate is

28、looking for a suitable coat to wear (wear)5He advised me not to drink (not drink) too much, otherwise I would have been drunk.6He attempted to escape (escape) from prison, but failed.7Jack was in low spirits those days and his friends did all they could to cheer (cheer) him up. 8It is an honor for m

29、e to be invited (invite) to attend the meeting. 9He pretended to be working (work) hard when his boss passed him.10The goal of this activity is to meet (meet) the needs of common people.完成句子1I don't know where to buy books of this kind.我不知道到哪里去買這種書。2They had nothing to do but move他們別無選擇，只好搬家。3It's impossible to finish the job in one day一天完成這項(xiàng)工作