廣聯(lián)達(dá)操作規(guī)范及注意事項(xiàng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)

1、廣聯(lián)達(dá)操作規(guī)范及流程（2012版）目 錄1 總括22 工程設(shè)置33 鋼筋構(gòu)件繪制5 3.1 軸網(wǎng) 5 3.2基礎(chǔ)5 3.3柱 5 3.4砼墻6 3.5梁 7 3.6板 8 3.7砌體墻 9 3.8檔水、壓頂9 3.9 單構(gòu)件 9 3.10 檢查94圖形裝飾繪制 105 工程量的輸出與歸檔 136 軟件中常用快捷鍵 147 操作中常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題解答161 總 括1.1 軟件使用整體流程 1.2 針對(duì)不同的結(jié)構(gòu)類型，應(yīng)采用不同的繪制順序，對(duì)不同結(jié)構(gòu)類型，推薦的繪制流程如下：剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)：剪力墻門(mén)窗洞暗柱/端柱暗梁/連梁；框架結(jié)構(gòu)：柱梁板；框剪結(jié)構(gòu)：柱剪力墻板塊梁板砌體墻板塊；磚混結(jié)構(gòu)：磚墻門(mén)窗洞構(gòu)造柱圈梁

2、。1.3 根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的不同部位，推薦使用的繪制流程為：首層地上地下基礎(chǔ)。2 工程設(shè)置2.1 工程名稱欄中“計(jì)算規(guī)則”必須先根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)圖說(shuō)明明確03G還是11G，因目前廣聯(lián)達(dá)建圖后11G與03G之間不能互相切換，故第一步應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確設(shè)置。2.2 “匯總方式”中應(yīng)設(shè)置為“按外皮計(jì)算鋼筋長(zhǎng)度”，需清楚清單計(jì)算規(guī)則為按圖示尺寸計(jì)算，設(shè)計(jì)圖中圖示了構(gòu)件的幾何尺寸和保護(hù)層厚度，而保護(hù)層的定義為受力主筋外皮到構(gòu)件邊的尺寸，故應(yīng)按外皮計(jì)算鋼筋長(zhǎng)度。2.3 工程信息欄中顯示為藍(lán)色字體的信息必須按設(shè)計(jì)圖準(zhǔn)確設(shè)置。2.4 比重設(shè)置欄中應(yīng)將直徑為6的鋼筋重量調(diào)整為直徑6.5的鋼筋重量即0.2604881kg/m。2.5 計(jì)算設(shè)

3、置中常需調(diào)整軟件默認(rèn)設(shè)置的項(xiàng)如下：2.6 計(jì)算設(shè)置中需注意的問(wèn)題： 鋼筋根數(shù)的計(jì)算應(yīng)按默認(rèn)設(shè)置為“向上取整加1”而不應(yīng)為“四舍五入加1”，因?yàn)楸仨毐ＷC不大于設(shè)計(jì)間距（設(shè)計(jì)給出的是最大間距值）。 梁下部縱筋及側(cè)面通長(zhǎng)筋應(yīng)按默認(rèn)設(shè)置為“遇支座連續(xù)通過(guò)”不應(yīng)調(diào)整為“遇支座斷開(kāi)”，應(yīng)遵循能通側(cè)通的原則，鋼筋在支座處搭接錨固對(duì)支座是削弱的，接頭越少對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞就越小。2.7 節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)置中常需調(diào)整軟件默認(rèn)設(shè)置的項(xiàng)如下：剪力墻中2.8 樓層設(shè)置中應(yīng)根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)圖修改砼標(biāo)號(hào)、錨固值、保護(hù)層厚度，將搭接值調(diào)整為0。 在樓層設(shè)置中需注意的問(wèn)題：樓層設(shè)置中的基礎(chǔ)層：是指在軟件中繪制基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)件的樓層，實(shí)際工程中沒(méi)有基礎(chǔ)層的這

4、個(gè)概念?；A(chǔ)層的層高是指基礎(chǔ)底標(biāo)高至上一樓層底標(biāo)高之間的高度，如圖：在基礎(chǔ)層需注意的是無(wú)論基礎(chǔ)層層高有好高，柱箍筋均只計(jì)算了柱在基礎(chǔ)插筋錨固區(qū)內(nèi)的箍筋數(shù)量的，基礎(chǔ)頂標(biāo)高以上的柱箍筋已并入在首層柱箍筋量里。3 鋼筋構(gòu)件繪制在定義各構(gòu)件時(shí)為方便快速提量應(yīng)將各構(gòu)件根據(jù)清單項(xiàng)按名稱區(qū)分如：，最后提量時(shí)根據(jù)圖形軟件中查看同名構(gòu)件工程量來(lái)快速匯總提量。繪制各構(gòu)件需注意的事項(xiàng)：3.1軸網(wǎng) 無(wú)CAD圖時(shí)繪制軸網(wǎng)一般會(huì)用到的功能：設(shè)置插入點(diǎn)、旋轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn)、修改軸號(hào)、修改軸號(hào)位置，兩點(diǎn)輔軸。 如用識(shí)別軸網(wǎng)則在識(shí)別完軸網(wǎng)后一定要用測(cè)量?jī)牲c(diǎn)間距檢查軸網(wǎng)的間距是否與圖上標(biāo)注的尺寸一致。3.2基礎(chǔ) 承臺(tái)識(shí)別時(shí)往往標(biāo)高識(shí)別有誤，

5、正確的修改方法為：在定義界面修改標(biāo)高后再到繪圖界面按名稱批量選擇承臺(tái)將其調(diào)整為另一個(gè)承臺(tái)后再調(diào)整回來(lái)。 在設(shè)置柱墩時(shí)必須在其他屬性中根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)圖設(shè)置是否扣減筏板面筋或底筋，如之前忘記調(diào)整，布置完構(gòu)件后再來(lái)調(diào)整則應(yīng)在繪圖輸入界面選中所有構(gòu)件在屬性中調(diào)整。3.3柱 對(duì)于不能識(shí)別的異形柱繪制時(shí)可用兩功能來(lái)快速繪制，布置異形柱鋼筋時(shí)無(wú)邊線的位置的縱筋時(shí)應(yīng)用“對(duì)齊”命令來(lái)準(zhǔn)確定位縱筋的位置，否則會(huì)影響箍筋的量。 對(duì)于頂層的柱我們需記得判斷其邊角柱這會(huì)影響鋼筋的搭接與錨固，鋼筋軟件中有自動(dòng)判斷邊角柱的功能。 注意廣聯(lián)達(dá)中不會(huì)自動(dòng)根據(jù)圖集判斷柱箍筋是否全高加密：柱凈高與柱截面長(zhǎng)邊的比值4時(shí)，箍筋沿柱全高加密，

6、如設(shè)計(jì)圖中存在此情況應(yīng)手動(dòng)調(diào)整柱箍筋間距。3.4砼墻剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)的繪制順序?yàn)椋合壤L制墻體，再繪制暗柱，暗柱一般用自適應(yīng)繪制的方法來(lái)做，這樣的話速度比較快速。剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)的識(shí)別順序?yàn)椋合茸R(shí)別平面圖中的剪力墻，再識(shí)別柱大樣圖中的柱大樣（然后再調(diào)整好鋼筋配置），然后再識(shí)別柱平面圖。繪制時(shí)有柱的地方應(yīng)該也繪制上墻體，（如果只畫(huà)至暗柱邊，剪力墻的水平筋均計(jì)算彎折，而正確的計(jì)算應(yīng)是外層鋼筋連續(xù)通過(guò)內(nèi)側(cè)鋼筋計(jì)算彎折）這樣不僅僅保證鋼筋的計(jì)算正確，更保證了導(dǎo)入圖形當(dāng)中布置裝修計(jì)算的準(zhǔn)確,在布置砌體墻時(shí)均應(yīng)貫通柱布置。剪力墻布置完后應(yīng)仔細(xì)檢查設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明中是否在剪力墻上還設(shè)置了暗梁，不要忘記了布置暗梁，暗梁的類別中新增

7、了邊框梁，用來(lái)處理工程中遇到的剪力墻中的邊框梁，布置時(shí)應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格根據(jù)類別修改軟件屬性編輯里的梁類別，以保證計(jì)算的準(zhǔn)確性。 軟件中如果暗梁布置了側(cè)面縱筋，則剪力墻的水平筋就不再計(jì)算，根據(jù)圖集06G901暗梁側(cè)面縱筋應(yīng)為剪力墻水平筋連續(xù)布置，故剪力墻暗梁側(cè)面縱筋在暗梁屬性中不應(yīng)輸入，軟件才會(huì)按墻的水平筋連續(xù)布置計(jì)算。 剪力墻鋼筋內(nèi)外側(cè)不一樣的情況，軟件怎么處理？外側(cè)鋼筋輸在前，內(nèi)側(cè)輸在后，中間用加號(hào)連接剪力墻鋼筋鋼筋隔一布一的布置情況輸入方式 當(dāng)剪力墻的鋼筋按下圖設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，在軟件里不能將圖中的大箍筋布置在暗柱里，而應(yīng)布置為剪力墻的水平筋，再在其他鋼筋里輸入箍筋與水平筋錨固的差值，如果該大箍筋在暗柱里布

8、置了剪力墻里只布置豎向受力筋的話就不能計(jì)算其拉筋的量。另外對(duì)于圖中雙層鋼筋直徑級(jí)別不同時(shí)如一層為A10200二層為C10200,在軟件里則可以用另外一種不用的級(jí)別鋼筋來(lái)輸入如N10100來(lái)布置。 布置剪力墻時(shí)應(yīng)注意根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)圖對(duì)以下鋼筋進(jìn)行錄入，避免漏算該部分鋼筋3.5梁運(yùn)用廣聯(lián)達(dá)軟件必須正確的選擇梁類型，各梁的圖示如下：在框剪結(jié)構(gòu)中，框架梁應(yīng)畫(huà)至剪力墻的端部錨固，以剪力墻為支座錨固laE而不能畫(huà)至柱邊。設(shè)計(jì)圖中有時(shí)連梁與框架梁標(biāo)注有誤，我們?cè)诓贾脮r(shí)應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確判斷，連梁與框架梁的區(qū)別是：連梁的箍筋是通長(zhǎng)加密不分非加密，洞口跨高比小于5應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)為連梁，大于5的設(shè)計(jì)為框架梁，雙洞口處連梁布置時(shí)應(yīng)拉通布置這

9、樣箍筋跟受力筋才是貫通布置計(jì)算的。在布置連梁的時(shí)候需注意根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)圖調(diào)整連梁的頂標(biāo)高，軟件默認(rèn)為“洞口頂標(biāo)高加連梁高度”，否則會(huì)影響過(guò)梁的量。 相同樓層梁復(fù)制上去后，必須再批量識(shí)別梁支座。在所有梁及樓板布置完后記得生成梁側(cè)面鋼筋。3.6板布置板時(shí)應(yīng)注意檢查板厚與板名稱是否對(duì)應(yīng)，有時(shí)會(huì)忘記調(diào)整屬性中的板厚，飄窗板的布置應(yīng)采用按相對(duì)標(biāo)高（即層底+*或?qū)拥?分）分別建立好頂板及底板后復(fù)制到其他樓層，飄窗側(cè)板有時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)圖上注明的為構(gòu)造柱，此時(shí)我們應(yīng)用剪力墻構(gòu)件來(lái)布置將名稱取為*構(gòu)造柱，最后按名稱提量，這樣布置方面導(dǎo)入圖形里布置抹灰，如用構(gòu)造柱布置則還要布置上砌體墻后才能布置抹灰，飄窗處框架梁上節(jié)點(diǎn)也應(yīng)用剪

10、力墻布置，如為連梁抬起標(biāo)高，則在該連梁處應(yīng)布置上砌體墻才能計(jì)算到抹灰。布置板鋼筋前檢查計(jì)算設(shè)置中是否按圖設(shè)置分布筋的配置及負(fù)筋標(biāo)注長(zhǎng)度位置的設(shè)置。布置完板鋼筋后運(yùn)用查看受力筋布置情況，檢查板受力筋是否漏布置板負(fù)筋的布置可自動(dòng)識(shí)別板負(fù)筋再修改，這樣更快速，布置完后應(yīng)檢查板筋標(biāo)注位置的設(shè)置是否（支座內(nèi)邊線還是支座外邊線）與設(shè)計(jì)圖示說(shuō)明穩(wěn)和.布置跨板受力筋時(shí)應(yīng)手動(dòng)根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)圖紙范圍調(diào)整布置范圍。3.7 砌體墻砌體墻應(yīng)根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明分材料名稱及部位布置，方便最后提量，應(yīng)記得根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明配置砌體通長(zhǎng)筋或砌體加筋。3.8 用水房間檔水應(yīng)用圈梁（注意調(diào)整其標(biāo)高）布置不宜最后手算，能用軟件布置的盡量用軟件布置，壓

11、頂也應(yīng)用圈梁布置這樣方便計(jì)算鋼筋量。3.9單構(gòu)件輸入適用于樓梯鋼筋的布置及其他零星鋼筋不能布置的如：樓板轉(zhuǎn)角處附加鋼筋、隔墻下加筋及梁洞口加筋。3.10在導(dǎo)入圖形前需仔細(xì)檢查好模型（經(jīng)復(fù)核人復(fù)核后）特別是構(gòu)造柱及過(guò)梁的布置要到位，避免導(dǎo)入圖形后兩邊都來(lái)調(diào)整，能布置的構(gòu)件均應(yīng)布置在模型里。4圖形裝飾繪制4.1 有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層的工程可單獨(dú)只導(dǎo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層及非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層來(lái)布置裝飾單獨(dú)存?zhèn)€裝飾工程，方便最后快速計(jì)算提量，圖形構(gòu)件如砼等量應(yīng)在鋼筋模型復(fù)核完后導(dǎo)入全部樓層提量。4.2將鋼筋工程導(dǎo)入圖形時(shí)，不應(yīng)將暗梁導(dǎo)入，如導(dǎo)入后還要單獨(dú)加上該部分的量歸為剪力墻或板，提量時(shí)有時(shí)會(huì)忘記。4.3導(dǎo)入鋼筋工程后必須進(jìn)行合法性檢查

12、，調(diào)整檢查出的問(wèn)題。4.4計(jì)算規(guī)則設(shè)置中應(yīng)修改外部墻及內(nèi)部墻構(gòu)造柱及圈梁部位鋼絲網(wǎng)的計(jì)算方法設(shè)置為計(jì)算鋼絲網(wǎng)。最后鋼絲網(wǎng)的量應(yīng)用報(bào)表里鋼絲網(wǎng)總長(zhǎng)的量剩以設(shè)計(jì)圖中鋼絲網(wǎng)的總寬。4.5智能布置墊層后應(yīng)在墊層繪圖界面內(nèi)自動(dòng)生成土方來(lái)準(zhǔn)確布置土方，注意在設(shè)置里按設(shè)計(jì)圖調(diào)整好室外高差。4.6在布置裝飾時(shí)，樓地面、墻面、踢腳、天棚等應(yīng)按設(shè)計(jì)做法表中的名稱來(lái)命名，名稱后加主要材質(zhì)如：內(nèi)1（膩?zhàn)樱?、?nèi)2（涂料）、內(nèi)3（面磚）、地1（水泥砂漿）、樓1（卷材防水）等這樣可以根據(jù)各房間做法來(lái)反檢查房間是否布置正確，布置有保溫的內(nèi)墻面應(yīng)定義為內(nèi)1（保）、內(nèi)2（保）不應(yīng)用軟件里專門(mén)的保溫命令來(lái)布置，其計(jì)算有誤。新建房間

13、時(shí)每個(gè)房間均應(yīng)單獨(dú)建立如：廚、衛(wèi)、客、臥、走道、前室、電梯間等，預(yù)防設(shè)計(jì)做法調(diào)整后單獨(dú)提量。4.7在布置完房間后必須三維檢查墻面天棚是否布置漏，因?yàn)檐浖?huì)出現(xiàn)房間布置起了，但部分墻面或天棚并未布置上。4.8在布置樓梯間房間時(shí)樓梯與樓層板平臺(tái)樓面應(yīng)單獨(dú)來(lái)布置，根據(jù)樓梯計(jì)算規(guī)則，應(yīng)分樓層板樓面面積及樓梯面積計(jì)算，樓梯面積不應(yīng)包括樓層板樓面面積。4.9某些結(jié)構(gòu)上的構(gòu)造柱是不需要計(jì)算馬牙槎的，導(dǎo)入圖形后需調(diào)整該構(gòu)造柱的設(shè)置。4.10在設(shè)置防水上翻高度時(shí)，矮墻高度不足上翻高度如飄窗處，此部位的防水高度時(shí)候要進(jìn)行單獨(dú)設(shè)置立面高度，否則防水要多算，在防水的匯總表上軟件中的“水平防水面積”是指地面平面面積+

14、上翻高度小于500mm的量（在軟件中稱為“立面防水面積小于最低立面防水高度”），而軟件中的“立面防水面積大于最低立面防水高度”是指防水上翻高度大于500后的所有上翻的量，在提量時(shí)注意正確提取。4.11 護(hù)窗欄桿等可用自定義線分名稱布置。4.12布置外墻面磚或抹灰時(shí)，陽(yáng)臺(tái)處梁側(cè)面及挑板側(cè)面軟件不能布置，應(yīng)記得手算，獨(dú)立梁裝飾面積計(jì)算可選中該梁在屬性中半將“是否計(jì)算單梁裝修量”設(shè)置為是。4.13 在布置陽(yáng)臺(tái)欄板時(shí)不應(yīng)用軟件里的欄板來(lái)布置，而應(yīng)用砌體墻來(lái)布置，如用欄板布置不能計(jì)算抹灰的量，此時(shí)如再在欄板上布置砌體墻來(lái)代替欄板，砌體量不會(huì)扣除欄板的量從而易導(dǎo)致砌體多算，故欄板應(yīng)用砌體墻布置。4.14軟

15、件里的抹灰必須要布置墻后才能計(jì)算，如未用墻布置的構(gòu)件需計(jì)算抹灰的需記得單獨(dú)手動(dòng)計(jì)算。4.15塊料踢腳線軟件中的清單工程量有誤未扣門(mén)洞的量，應(yīng)用定額工程量里的塊料面積。5 工程量的輸出與歸檔5.1 應(yīng)在按“工程量”“分類查看構(gòu)件工程量”“設(shè)定范圍（全選）”“設(shè)置分類及工程量” 如砼可按砼標(biāo)號(hào)統(tǒng)計(jì)，設(shè)置完成后導(dǎo)出所有報(bào)表，以后每次更改都以本次報(bào)表為最終出量底稿以方便最后查量歸檔。6 軟件中常用快捷鍵俯視圖Ctrl+Enter批量選擇構(gòu)件圖元 F3 全屏 Ctrl+5繪制點(diǎn)式構(gòu)件時(shí)，水平翻轉(zhuǎn) F3繪制點(diǎn)式構(gòu)件時(shí)，上下翻轉(zhuǎn) Shift+F3 繪圖和定義界面切換 F2顯示跨中板帶 F6改變點(diǎn)式構(gòu)件插入點(diǎn)

16、 F4 合法性檢查 F5 三維/二維切換 Ctrl+3/ctrl+2 縮小 Ctrl+I放大 Ctrl+U匯總計(jì)算 F9 三維樓層顯示設(shè)置 F8查看構(gòu)件圖元鋼筋量計(jì)算式 F11 構(gòu)件圖元顯示設(shè)置 F12，點(diǎn)擊構(gòu)件前面的復(fù)選框，通過(guò)打上或去掉“”，可以控制當(dāng)前圖層中是否顯示該構(gòu)件和構(gòu)件名稱，點(diǎn)擊“確定”完成操作顯示隱藏CAD 圖 F10 查找圖元 Ctrl+F 選擇所有構(gòu)件圖元 Ctrl+A 動(dòng)態(tài)輸入關(guān)閉開(kāi)啟 Ctrl+Q 動(dòng)態(tài)輸入時(shí)切換輸入框 Tab上一樓層 Ctrl+下一樓層 Ctrl+-7 操作中常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題解答部分7.1、軟件中跨板受力筋和負(fù)筋的區(qū)別？跨板的鋼筋應(yīng)該用什么來(lái)定義和繪制？答：在

17、軟件中，跨板受力筋和負(fù)筋的布置范圍不同，其次是馬凳筋的計(jì)算方法不同。負(fù)筋位置的馬凳筋按照負(fù)筋屬性中的排數(shù)計(jì)算，輸入幾排就計(jì)算幾排?？绨迨芰畹鸟R凳筋，除了計(jì)算左標(biāo)注和右標(biāo)注范圍的排數(shù)外，所跨過(guò)的板的位置，會(huì)按照受力筋的馬凳筋計(jì)算方法計(jì)算馬凳筋的個(gè)數(shù)。所以，跨板鋼筋應(yīng)該按照跨板受力筋來(lái)定義，這樣馬凳筋的計(jì)算才和實(shí)際情況相符。7.2 A、如果基礎(chǔ)連梁遇到所有的獨(dú)立基礎(chǔ)上部鋼筋都需要錨入，則可以在框架梁的計(jì)算設(shè)置中進(jìn)行調(diào)整，如下圖：B、如果基礎(chǔ)連梁只是遇到部分獨(dú)立基礎(chǔ)上部鋼筋需要錨入，則可以在繪圖界面-梁圖層-【繪圖】菜單下選擇【設(shè)置上/下部縱筋遇承臺(tái)】：    

18、60;  7.3問(wèn)：GGJ2009中，二層柱子到三層截面變小，有一部分鋼筋不能真接伸上去，需要在當(dāng)前層錨固，軟件如何處理？答：對(duì)于不能伸到上層的柱鋼筋，在其前面加“*”表示：此鋼筋在當(dāng)前層錨。例如二層的角筋4B25到三層由于截面變小，有兩根鋼筋不能正常伸上去而要截?cái)?，我們可以輸入?2b25+2b25，上一層鋼筋會(huì)自動(dòng)下插1.5lae。7.4問(wèn)：框架梁中的架立筋如何輸入？答：有兩種輸入方法：1）、新建梁構(gòu)件時(shí)，在梁上部通長(zhǎng)筋位置輸入，如：2B25+(2B12)，2B25是通長(zhǎng)筋，2B12是架立筋。2)、在梁的原位標(biāo)注里面輸入，在梁的跨中鋼筋位置輸入(2B12)。這里要注意的是：在梁屬

19、性里輸入的架立筋是針對(duì)整條梁的，在原位標(biāo)注里輸入的架立筋只是這一跨的。7.5問(wèn)：GGJ2009中，女兒墻上構(gòu)造柱鋼筋正確的計(jì)算設(shè)置?答：構(gòu)造柱畫(huà)上之后，如果下層有梁軟件會(huì)默認(rèn)按梁上柱來(lái)處理,會(huì)計(jì)算出插筋,插筋和角筋會(huì)有一個(gè)搭接長(zhǎng)度,實(shí)際這個(gè)搭接長(zhǎng)度是不需要的,而是直接伸入下層一個(gè)錨固長(zhǎng)度,軟件處理時(shí)需要在構(gòu)造柱的屬性編輯中將“插筋信息”改為"縱筋錨固"即可。7.6問(wèn)：GGJ2009中，當(dāng)保護(hù)層厚度設(shè)計(jì)兩側(cè)不同時(shí),如迎水面是40內(nèi)側(cè)是25,在軟件中應(yīng)如何填寫(xiě)保護(hù)層厚度？答：輸入內(nèi)外側(cè)的平均厚度。7.7問(wèn)：GGJ2009中，板底筋圖紙給出的鋼筋信息為：A8/A10200,我該如

20、何繪圖？答：軟件中，分別建兩個(gè)受力筋：A8400,A10400，畫(huà)到圖上即可。7.8同一跨梁中若有不同的箍筋原位標(biāo)注，如何計(jì)算和設(shè)置? 答：原位標(biāo)注編輯如：A8100(2)2000;A10200(2) 6000; A10100(2)2000。g an employment tribunal claimEmployment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if:· you don&

21、#39;t agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you· your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.For more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal.You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you

22、 haven't appealed against the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment

23、tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed under

24、 Further help.Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employ

25、ment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed under Further help.If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as a

26、60;damages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor can't charge you more than 35% of your compensation  if you win the case.If you are thinking about signing up for  a damages-based agreement, you should make sure you're clear about the terms of the agreement. It migh

27、t be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau.  To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click on nearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, see Employment tribunals.The

28、(lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association's 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City's Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and

29、I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport."For me it's about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the "racist behaviour of their fans" during&

30、#160;City's 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toure's complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We

31、 found no racist insults from fans of CSKA."Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind

32、 has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字開(kāi)頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲?；蛟S是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個(gè)不同的日子過(guò)成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過(guò)去，對(duì)自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來(lái)，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏。總覺(jué)得自己自己似乎應(yīng)該去

33、做點(diǎn)什么，或者寫(xiě)點(diǎn)什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺(jué)到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Ju

34、nior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isn't really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think don't want to give vent to out your inner voic

35、e can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already can't remember his appearance.童年

36、時(shí)，覺(jué)得壓歲錢(qián)和新衣服是過(guò)年必備，但是隨著年齡的推進(jìn)，會(huì)越來(lái)越發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些東西根本就可有可無(wú)；初中時(shí)，以為要有一場(chǎng)暗戀才意味著真正的成長(zhǎng)，但三年過(guò)去后，自己心平氣和的寫(xiě)同學(xué)錄的時(shí)候，突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長(zhǎng)了，好像并沒(méi)有那么重要了；然后到了高中，覺(jué)得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個(gè)句點(diǎn)，但畢業(yè)晚會(huì)的時(shí)候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉，后來(lái)再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場(chǎng)，看著他投過(guò)籃球的球框時(shí)，突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in additio

37、n to resolutely, have to do, and time.原來(lái)，這個(gè)世界上，對(duì)某個(gè)事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的，除了非做不可的堅(jiān)決，還有，時(shí)間。A person's time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his

38、cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一個(gè)人的時(shí)候，自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好像沒(méi)有什么可以撼動(dòng)自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時(shí)候是最后又打起了退堂

39、鼓。嫌惡過(guò)自己的怯懦，最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分，有很多錯(cuò)過(guò)，好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強(qiáng)心劑，或者說(shuō)，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep fr

40、iendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that haven't start planning. Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有著剛下過(guò)雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍(lán)格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場(chǎng)還沒(méi)有開(kāi)始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計(jì)劃那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。Baumgartner the disappoint

41、ing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (t

42、he troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weatheThe balloon will slowly