Book8Unit1導(dǎo)學(xué)案（grammar）張

1、By others faults, wise men correct their own. 他山之石，可以攻玉。高二英語(yǔ) 高二英語(yǔ)yy-2-118Book 8 Unit 1 A land of diversity導(dǎo)學(xué)案（Grammar）Period 7( noun clauses)編寫人：張俊英 審核人：左漢斌 詹海玲 編寫時(shí)間：2015.05班級(jí)： 組別： 組名: 姓名：【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】復(fù)習(xí)主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句的用法?！緦W(xué)習(xí)重難點(diǎn)】能分析是哪種名詞性從句并能熟練運(yùn)用。名詞性從句【概念與分類】在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)

2、、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等, 因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能,名詞從句又可分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。一、主語(yǔ)從句的用法一. 主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主語(yǔ), 它可以位于句首, 但常見(jiàn)的主語(yǔ)從句多放在句末,句首則用形式主語(yǔ)it。1. That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round. 2. Whether he will come hasnt been decided. = It hasnt been decided whether he will come. 注意: 連詞that, whet

3、her在從句中不擔(dān)任句子成分,只起連接作用,不能省略 (注:if不可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句）二. 用it 作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)(1) It is名詞從句 It is a fact that 事實(shí)是 It is an honor that 非常榮幸 It is common knowledge that是常識(shí)(2) It is形容詞從句 (多用 should) It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物動(dòng)詞從句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4) I

4、t is 過(guò)去分詞從句 It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道 It has been proved that 已證實(shí) It is said that 據(jù)說(shuō) 注意：it 作形式主語(yǔ)和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較 it 作形式主語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句,主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu), 主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),無(wú)論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分,都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:判斷: It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you s

5、ucceed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window二、賓語(yǔ)從句的用法：句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主句 + 連接詞(引導(dǎo)詞) + 賓語(yǔ)從句連接詞:從屬連詞that, whether, if 連接代詞 Who, whom, whose, which, what 連接副詞 where, how, why, when當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是陳述句時(shí)(包括肯定句和否定句), 連詞由that引導(dǎo), 因?yàn)閠hat在從句中不作任何成分, 也沒(méi)有任何具體意思, 因此在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略。 Jan

6、e said (that) she wasnt late for the meeting. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí), 由特殊疑問(wèn)詞充當(dāng)連接詞, 因?yàn)樵撎厥庖蓡?wèn)詞(即連接詞)在從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分, 具有一定的意義, 所以不可以省略。Do you know what he said just now?I dont remember when we arrived 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí),由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)(口語(yǔ)中常用if),因?yàn)閕f/whether翻譯成是否,具有一定的意義,所以不能省略。 Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma

7、 liked the handbag . Lets see if /whether we can find out some information about that city 注意: 關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用whether不能用if 表示 “是否”的情況如下： A) 在表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中。如： The question is whether the film is worth seeing. The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.B) 在主語(yǔ)從句中，只有用it 作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí), whether和if 都能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句, 否則,

8、 也只能用whether。如: Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. It hasnt been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting.C) 在介詞之后。(介詞往往可以省略) 如: It all depends (on) whether they will support us.D) 后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。如： He doesnt know whether to stay or not.E) 后面緊接or not 時(shí)。如： We didnt know

9、whether or not she was ready. 關(guān)聯(lián)詞if, whether均可使用的情況如下： A) 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。如： I wonder if (whether) the news is true or not. B) 在 “be+形容詞” 之后。如： He was not sure whether (if) it is right or wrong.三、表語(yǔ)從句的用法在復(fù)合句中用作表語(yǔ)的從句是表語(yǔ)從句, 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,表語(yǔ)從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后,有時(shí)用as if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + that從句。 Thats what w

10、e should do. Thats why I want to see you. 1. be, seem, look等動(dòng)詞后均可跟表語(yǔ)從句： My suggestion is that we should go shopping. It seems that it is going to rain. 2. as if, because 也可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。 It looks as if its going to rain. It was because I got up late. 3. 在非正式文體中,引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的that可以省略。如: The trouble is (that) he i

11、s ill.注意:在表語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)reason做主語(yǔ)時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞只能用that,不能用because,如:他遲到的原因是因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有趕上早班車。 The reason why he was late was that he didnt catch the early bus. 【基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練】 1.The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make_it is.A. what B. which C. how D. where 2. AfterYang LI wei succee

12、ded in circling the earth, _our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. A. where B. what C. that D. how 3. -Dont you think it necessary that he _to Miami but to New York? -I agree, but the problem is _he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D.

13、should not send; what 4. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize_silly mistakes I had made. A. what B. that C. how D. which 5. The poor young man is ready to accept _help he can get. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever 6.It is none of your business_other people think about

14、you . Believe yourself. A. how B. what C. which D. when 7. _is no possibility_Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There; that B. It; that C. There; whether D. It; whether 8. _that the two countries are going to have a talk . A. It reports B. It is reported C. It is reporting D. What is repo

15、rted 9. As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _and see him.A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come 10.I want to know _the thief was caught on the spot. A. which B. that C. what D. whether11. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Wher

16、e 12. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _I disagree.A. why B. where C. what D. how 13. _sometimes keeps her awake at night _John is getting more and more quiet at home. A.That; what B. What; that C. It; that D. Whether; what 14._a terrible storm would take place in Hainan. A.

17、 Word came which B. Word came that C. Word that came D. Words came that 15. Its no longer a question now _man can land on the moon. A. that B. which C. whether D. what 16. As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best. 【2012陜西卷】A whatever B. whichever C. wheneverD. w

18、herever17. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently. 【2012北京卷】A. why B. how C. that D. whether18It suddenly occurred to him _he had left his keys in the office. 【2012江西卷】AwhetherBwhereCwhichDthat19. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt

19、matter _ you have lived there for a short or a long time. 2012湖南高考A. why B. how C. whether D. when20. Evdence has been found through years of study_ childrens early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up. 【2012重慶卷】A. why B. how C. whether D. that21. We should respect food and think about the people who dont have _ we have here and treat food nicely. （2010 福建） A. that B. which C. what D. whether22. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.