說明文類書面表達寫作技巧

1、. 說明文類書面表達題型介紹近年高考書面表達說明文范文很廣，可以是個人簡歷、方位說明、介紹某地某物等等，以說明為主要表達形式，介紹事物或闡釋事物的特征、性質(zhì)、原理、功用等。從形式看，可以以提綱的形式提供信息，也有看圖寫作。說明文寫作三要素1. 準確把握說明對象及其特征2. 理清順序，層次清楚；3. 語言準確，簡潔得體。解題技巧說明文的寫作方法可以有以下幾種方法：比照：通過比照可以突出要說明事物，從而使讀者更深化地理解事物的特征。比照的表達形式主要有：1. while 2. in comparison to3. compared with/ to 4. in comparison5. in co

2、ntrast 相比球類運動和其它流行體育工程，慢跑更有效，且不那么耗時。In comparison with/ Compared with ball games and other popular sports, jogging is more efficient and less time-consuming.與傳統(tǒng)賀卡相比，電子賀卡有許多優(yōu)點。Compared with the paper ones, electronic cards have a large number of advantages. 舉例：運用生活中粗淺的事例來說明比較復雜的事情，使讀者更清楚地理解被說明事物。舉例表達

3、手段有：1. such as/ like/ such.as. 后接名詞、動名詞, 不能接句子和動詞原形2. For instance/ For example 有標點, 后接句子3. Take sb. or sth. for example/ Take sb. or sth. as an example 用于舉一個例子很多中國學生面臨很多體質(zhì)問題，諸如肥胖、近視等。Many Chinese students are facing a number of physical problems, such as /like obesity and short-sightedness, etc.推理：

4、分析原因，用結(jié)果來證實所說明事物。分析原因的常用表達有：介詞短語：because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, for the reason that+從句從句：because, as, since, so.that.句型：The reason for/why.is that. 的原因是 The change in. largely results from the fact that. A number of factors could account for the.部分大學吸引力下降的原因是部分大學辦學質(zhì)量差、學生上學學費高、畢業(yè)生就業(yè)難等。The r

5、eason why some colleges have become less attractive is that the educational quality of some colleges is poor, the tuition fee is high and its hard for college graduates to get jobs.Due to the poor educational quality of some colleges, high tuition fees and difficult employment for college graduates,

6、 some colleges have become less attractive. 人們飲食的變化原因：原因一：人們富裕，有錢買貴重食品;原因二：人們更加注意食品的質(zhì)量, 好的食品對身體有益。Why are there changes in peoples diet? I think there are two reasons. First of all, people are becoming rich and they have more money to buy more expensive food with better nutrition. The second reason

7、is that people pay more attention to the quality of food, because they know good food is of great benefit to their health.使用同位語：同位語主要用于介紹人物、事物、地點、產(chǎn)品、書名等。同位語可以把一些“零碎的信息組合為一個信息量比較大的句子。書名：Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother Amy Chua, 美籍華人, 耶魯大學教授中文版：2019年初開場在中國銷售A book, Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, wri

8、tten by Amy Chua, an American-Chinese, has been sold in China since the beginning of 2019. Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother作a book的同位語, an American-Chinese作Amy Chua的同位語去年, 我被邀請參加一個為“待援助的孩子Tuesday Child舉辦的一個狂歡節(jié)carnival, “待援助的孩子是一個幫助艾滋患兒的組織。Last year, I was invited to participate in a carnival for Tues

9、day Child, an organization that helps children with AIDS姓名：Steve Jobs別名：蘋果教父godfather出生地：美國加州三藩市San Francisco出生日期：1955年2月24日逝世日期：2019年10月5日 Steve Jobs, the godfather of Apple, was born in San Francisco, California, the USA on February 24th, 1955 and passed away on October 5th, 2019. 【鏈接高清：例二 求職信】求職信

10、寫作假定你是李華，將于今年七月從新星外語學校畢業(yè)。你從報紙上得知B&B公司要招聘一名英語秘書，你很感興趣。請給該公司寫一封求職信，包括以下要點：1. 年齡2. 學習情況及英語程度3. 興趣和特長4. 性格特點Dear Sir/Madam,I learned from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary. Im really interested in this position and hope I can work for you.Im 18 years old and will be graduati

11、ng from Xinxing Foreign Languages School this July. Im an excellent student, among the top 5 in my class of 50 students. Im good at English, especially spoken English. I often use the computer and I type very fast. In my spare time, I read a lot. Poems are my favorite. I enjoy music very much, too.

12、Being an active young person, I like sports and outdoor activities. Besides, Im easy to get along with and I like to make friends.Im looking forward to your reply. Sincerely yours, Li Hua建議信寫作假設(shè)你是高中生李越，有感于校園中存在的隨意涂寫to scribble和亂丟垃圾to litter的行為，請用英語給校長寫一封100-120個詞的信。信中應包括以下內(nèi)容：1. 說明寫信目的；2. 對這些行為進展批評；3

13、. 提出建議。Dear Mr. Headmaster,I am Li Yue, a student from Class 1, Senior II.寫作目的 I am writing to draw your attention to some improper behavior among us students: littering and scribbling. 原因 It makes our school dirty and unpleasant, and does harm to the image of our school. 個人感覺 I always feel ashamed

14、whenever I see this.It is clearly not appropriate for a student to litter and scribble about.提建議I wonder if the school could place more dustbins around and set up specific rules against such behavior. At the same time, students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave themselves

15、.感想I believe that, with the joint efforts of both teachers and students, our school will become a more enjoyable place in the near future. Thank you for your consideration. Yours faithfully, Li Yue例文分析陳假設(shè)琳，1992年12月12日生于江蘇南通。4歲開場練習跳水。她抑制困難，艱辛訓練。拼搏精神指引她成功，在2019年倫敦奧運會上獲得兩枚金牌。請你結(jié)合陳假設(shè)琳的事例，并根據(jù)以下提示，用英語寫一篇短

16、文，談談你對拼搏精神的看法。拼搏精神的意義 1.鼓勵我們直面困難； 2.竭力實現(xiàn)目的，走向成功；如何培養(yǎng)拼搏精神1.要堅信人人都有獲得成功的潛力；2.遇到挫折不氣餒，從失敗中學習；注意：1.對所給要點逐一陳述，適當發(fā)揮，不要簡單翻譯； 2.詞數(shù)150左右；3.參考詞匯：拼搏精神 fighting spirit 培養(yǎng) cultivate 挫折setback本篇書面表達的要點：1. 陳假設(shè)琳，1992年12月12日生于江蘇南通。2. 4歲開場練習跳水。3. 抑制困難，艱辛訓練。4. 拼搏精神指引她成功，在2019年倫敦奧運會上獲得兩枚金牌。5. 拼搏精神的意義鼓勵我們直面困難；竭力實現(xiàn)目的，走向成

17、功。6. 如何培養(yǎng)拼搏精神要堅信人人都有獲得成功的潛力；遇到挫折不氣餒，從失敗中學習。習。習作講評1 Chen Ruo Lin is our pride. She was born in 1992.12.12,遺漏出生地and started to swim when she was 4. 3 She overcame a great many difficulties and worked hard. 4 Fighting spirit instructed her succeed and she achieved two gold medals eventually.5 Whats the

18、 meaning of fighting spirit? 6 First, it inspires us facing the setback and difficulties bravely. 7Second, we should try our best to achieve our goals from the meaning of fighting spirit and then we will succeed. 8 Last, we can learn much such as cooperation from fighting.9How should we cultivate fi

19、ghting spirit? 10To begin with, we should be firmly convinced that everything is possible to succeed. 11 Whats more, we shouldnt be discouraged when we are in trouble. 12 Actually, at no time should we give up. 13 Last but not least, it is important for us to form the habit of finishing things witho

20、ut delaying. 14 We can succeed if we take measures to fight from now on.全文共14句156字，到達了題目所規(guī)定的要求。要點表達根本齊全，較好地完成了題目所規(guī)定的任務。優(yōu)點：1. 習作根據(jù)作者自身程度較多使用了簡單句。同時也注意使用并列句、復合句以及倒裝句。本文使用了九個簡單句包括一個倒裝句，兩個并列句，三個復合句，加之簡單句比較長，使文章增加了可讀性；2. 習作注意了過渡詞、過渡句的使用。如to begin with, whats more, last but not least等，使文章表達連接。3. 習作注意了高級詞匯

21、及句型的運用，使用使文章增色不少。如overcame, be firmly convinced, Actually, at no time should we give up, without delaying, last but not least, form the habit of等等。4. 習作注意運用了變通表達法。比方在表達“遇到挫折時，作者變通表達為“facing the setback和“when we are in trouble。5. 習作注意了動詞時態(tài)的正確運用。如第一段介紹陳假設(shè)琳時用到了一般過去時。修改后的習作Chen Ruolin was born in Nanton

22、g, Jiangsu Province, on December 12, 1992 and started to swim when she was 4. She overcame a great many difficulties and worked hard. Fighting spirit led her to succeed and she won two gold medals at the 2019 London Olympic Games eventually.Whats the meaning of fighting spirit? First, it inspires us

23、 to face the setback and difficulties bravely. Second, it enables us to try our best to achieve our goals and makes us to succeed at last. Last, this quality encourages us to move forward, especially during our hard times.How should we cultivate fighting spirit? To begin with, we should be firmly co

24、nvinced that everyone is likely to succeed. Whats more, we shouldnt be discouraged when we are in trouble. Actually, at no time should we give up. Last but not least, it is very important for us to form the habit of finishing things without delaying.參考范文Born in Nantong, Jiangsu Province on December

25、12, 1992, Chen Ruolin took up diving at the age of four. Since then, she has been training hard and overcoming whatever difficulty that she meets. She won two gold medals at the 2019 London Olympic Games. It is her fighting spirit that has led her to success.In my opinion, fighting spirit plays an i

26、mportant role in our lives. It encourages us to move forward, especially during our hard times. This quality enables us to face difficulty bravely and never run away from it. Thus we can stick to our goals and succeed eventually.It is not easy to cultivate fighting spirit. Above all, we must hold a

27、belief that everyone has the potential to achieve success. We shouldnt be discouraged when faced with setbacks. Actually, failure can teach us a lot. Whats more, there are quite a few people with this spirit around us, from which we learn a lot.真題再現(xiàn)1. 你承受了一項寫作任務，要為英語校報寫一篇人物介紹。 寫作內(nèi)容：請根據(jù)以下信息，介紹一位傳奇人物。

28、姓 名：Allan Stewart國 籍：澳大利亞出生日期：1915年3月7日世界紀錄：2019年獲碩士學位時年齡最大學習態(tài)度：挑戰(zhàn)自我，永遠為時不晚。第一個學位：1936年獲得第二個學位：醫(yī)學博士第三個學位：80多歲時決定學習法律，2019年獲得碩士學位。第四個學位：2019年通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)學習獲得，擅長合理安排學習時間，受到老師表揚。碩士學位：masters degree; 博士：doctor寫作要求：只能用5個句子表達全部內(nèi)容評分標準：句子構(gòu)造準確，信息內(nèi)容完好，篇章連接。2. 假定你是李華。你班同學決定為小明舉辦生日聚會。請你寫信邀請外教Susan參加，要點包括： 時間：周五晚8點至9點 地

29、點：學生俱樂部 內(nèi)容：生日歌、蛋糕、游戲等 要求：備小禮物注意： 詞數(shù)100左右，開頭語已為你寫好； 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以便行文連接；Hi, Susan,Were throwing a surprise party for Xiaomings birthday. _3. 假定你是李華，從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)the Internet上得知一個國際中學生組織將在新加坡Singapore舉辦夏令營，歡送各國學生參加。請寫一封電子郵件申請參加。內(nèi)容主要包括：1.自我介紹包括英語才能;2.參加意圖介紹中國、理解其他國家；3.希望獲準。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右： 2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連接 3.郵件開頭和結(jié)尾

30、已為你寫好。Dear Sir or Madam, _ Regards, Li Hua答案與解析1. Allan Stewart, an Australian old man, born on March 7, 1915, is already the holder of the world record for being the oldest graduate. He thinks it is never too late to challenge oneself to achieve something worthwhile. He got his first degree in 1936

31、, later along with a doctors degree of medicine. He decided to study law in his eighties, and he got the masters degree in 2019, which was his third degree. In 2019, he received his fourth degree by network learning, who was praised for his proper arrangement on his schedule.2. Hi, Susan,Were throwing a surprise party for Xiaomings birthday. Wed like to