同位語從句講解及練習(xí)

1、同位語從句辨認同位語從句在復(fù)合句中充當同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句。 一個名詞（或其它形式）對另 一個名詞或代詞進行修飾，限定或說明，這個名詞（或其它形式）就是同位語。同位語與被 它限定的詞的格要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。1. 名詞作同位語Mr. Wang, my child ' s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老師，星期二要來看我們。2. 短語作同位語I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children. 我，作為家里

2、最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。3. 直接引語作同位語But now the question comes to their minds,“ Did she die young because she wasa clone ”但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問題： “多利早死是因為它是一只克隆羊嗎”4. 句子作同位語The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes. 巨大的海輪可以開到五大湖，讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。 同位語從句用法一、同位語從句一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說明該名詞表示

3、的具體內(nèi)容。I heard the news that our team had won我聽到了我們隊獲勝的消息。 可以跟同位語從句的抽象名詞通常有 news，idea ，fact ， promise ， question ， doubt ， thought ，hope，message，suggestion ， words （消息）， possibility 等。（承諾信息主意 是事實；疑問想法與問題；希望消息建議是潛力。 ）I ' ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won' t be able to see you th

4、isafternoon 我從王先生那里來，他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了。 在某些名詞表"建議，命令，要求等”（如dema nd, wish, suggestio n, resolution等）后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣 （即 should+ 動詞原形； should 可?。㏕here was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一項建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊。 同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)：同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞（word 除外 ） 加以修飾。Where did you get the

5、 idea that I could not come、英語中引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通有連詞你在哪兒聽說我不能來that ，whether, 連接代詞 what ，who。不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。 ） that 不能省略）連接副詞 how, when, where 等。（注： if, which1. 連詞 that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句（注：引導(dǎo)同位語從句的The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你認為不動腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯誤的。 （作 idea 的同位語）注意】引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞 th

6、at 通常不省略，但在非正式文體中也可以省去。He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機了。2. 連詞 whether 引導(dǎo)同位語從句（注： if 不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句） The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我們是否請專家由家庭醫(yī)生來定。He must answer the question

7、whether he agrees to it or not.他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個問題。3. 其它引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句A、連接代詞 what, who, whom, whose 引導(dǎo)同位語從句1）.I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿幾號的鞋。 （what 作定語）2）.The question who will take his place is still not clear.（ who 作主語）B 連接副詞 when, where, how, why引導(dǎo)同位語從句Wehaven't yet settled the

8、 question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪兒去度暑假，這個問題我們還沒有決定。l have no idea When he will be back我不知道他什么時候回來。My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.三、有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開。在語法 上叫做分隔式同位語從句。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the c

9、ity他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them幾年以后，有消息傳來說拿破侖要親自視察他們。 定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別1. 意義的不同同位語從句是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，它與被修飾詞語通?？梢詣澋忍枺?而定語從句是限制所修飾名詞的，它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開來：We are glad at the news that he will come.聽到他要來這個消息我們很高興。 （news的內(nèi)容就是 that he will

10、 come ，故 that 引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句 ）Weare glad at the news that he told us. 聽到他告訴我們的這個消息我們很高興。 （that 從句是限制the news的內(nèi)容的，即我們高興只是因為他告訴的這個news而不是其他的news,故 that 從句為定語從句 ）2. 被修飾詞語的區(qū)別A. 定語從句的先行詞是名詞或代詞； 而同位語從句的先行詞只能是名詞， 而且僅限于idea， plan ， fact ， theory ， promise ， hope， news， doubt ， truth ， information ， suggestion ，

11、question ， thought ， belief ， conclusion 等少數(shù)名詞。例如： The boy who is playing football is my classmate Those who work hard will succeed The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody The fact that you are talking about is important在句中， 劃線部分是定語從句， 其先行詞是名詞 boy ，它不能用作同位語從句的先行 詞。在句中，劃線部分也是定語從句，其

12、先行詞是代詞those，代詞不能用作同位語從句的先行詞。在句中，劃線部分是同位語從句，其先行詞是名詞fact，它同樣可以用作定語從句的先行詞，句便是一例。由以上分析可見， 同位語從句的先行詞一定可以用作定語從句的先行詞， 但定語從句的 先行詞不一定能用作同位語從句的先行詞。Bwhen， where ， why 引導(dǎo)的定語從句的先行詞一定分別是表示時間、地點和原因的名 詞，而三者引導(dǎo)的同位語從句的先行詞則肯定不是表示時間、地點和原因的名詞。例如： I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing I have no idea when s

13、he will be back在句中，劃線部分是 when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其先行詞day是表示時間的名詞；在句中，劃線部分是when引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，其先行詞idea則不是表示時間的名詞。3. 引導(dǎo)詞的不同定語從句和同位語從句共同的引導(dǎo)詞有四個：that ，when, where，why。下面把四個引導(dǎo)詞分成兩類說明它們在兩種從句中的不同用法。A. 引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句的 that 叫做關(guān)系代詞,它除了起連接作用,還在定語從句中充當一定成 分,并且在意義上代表先行詞；引導(dǎo)同位語從句的 that 叫做從屬連詞,它只起連接作用。 不能省略。例如： The news that you told

14、 me yesterday was really exciting. We heard the news that our team had won .在句中，劃線部分是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語，在意義上指代先行詞news。在句中，劃線部分是同位語從句，that沒有任何意義，只起連接作用。that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句時,它不充當句子成分,而引導(dǎo)定語從句時,它作為關(guān)系代詞, 要么充當定語從句的主語,要么充當定語從句的賓語。如上例that he told us 中的 that就充當 told 的賓語。B. 引導(dǎo)詞 when, where, why引導(dǎo)定語從句時,它們叫做關(guān)系副詞,在從句中充當狀

15、語,可以轉(zhuǎn)換成" 介詞關(guān)系代詞" 的形式；引導(dǎo)同位語從句時,它們叫做連接副詞,在從句中充當狀語,但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成"介詞關(guān)系代詞 " 的形式。例如： I will n ever forget the day whe n I joi ned the army We have no idea when she was born .在句中，劃線部分是定語從句，when在從句中作狀語，它可以轉(zhuǎn)換成on which的形式；在句中，劃線部分是同位語從句，when在從句中充當狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成”介詞+關(guān)系代詞 "的形式。 This is the house whe

16、re I lived two years ago. He put forward to the question where the meeting would be held.在句中，劃線部分是定語從句，where在從句中作狀語，它可以轉(zhuǎn)換成 in which 的形式；在句中，劃線部分是同位語從句，where在從句中充當狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成 "介詞+關(guān)系代詞 "的形式。 This is the reason why she will not attend the meeting The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent在句中，劃

17、線部分是定語從句，why在從句中作狀語，它可以轉(zhuǎn)換成for which的形式；在句 中，劃線部分是同位語從句，why在從句中充當狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成"介詞+關(guān)系代詞 "的形式。 同位語從句-相關(guān)語法1、同位語從句在句中的位置1. 一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名詞（ 如 news， idea ， fact ， promise ， hope， message等） 的后面，用以說明該名詞所表達的具體內(nèi)容。I ' ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won' t be able to see you thisafte

18、rnoon. 我從王先生那邊得知一個消息，他說他今天下午不能來看你了。2. 有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后，而被別的詞語隔開，在語法上叫 做分隔式同位語從句。The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起可能在她離開家時沒把門關(guān)上。2、同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞 （word 除外 ）加以修飾。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come你在哪兒聽說我不能來3

19、、同位語從句的語氣在 suggestion ， advice ， request ， order 等意為“建議；命令；要求”的名詞后，同 位語從句中的謂語動詞通常用“ should +動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，句中的should 可以省略。Our teacher gave us some advice how we（should）use the computer.老師給我們提出了一些如何使用電腦的建議。4、同位語從句的先行詞 同位語從句的先行詞通常是抽象名詞，常見的有： idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear,

20、hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。Howdid the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him 皇帝覺得身上并沒有穿上新衣，對這個問題騙子是怎樣解釋的代詞 it 可用作同位語從句的先行詞。這個 it 常放在某些動詞或短語動詞后作賓語， 同時兼作其后 that 同位語從句的先行詞。I owe it to you that I am still alive.幸虧你，我現(xiàn)在還活著。有的語法學(xué)家把先行詞 it 后的 that

21、 從句看作是動詞或介詞的真正賓語。一般認為， 這種it后的that從句應(yīng)看作it的同位語，因為它相當于"主語 +be+表語”結(jié)構(gòu)。You must see to it that the children don't catch cold. (=You must see to it,and It is that the children don't catch cold.)5、短語及固定句式后的同位語從句I will come on condition that John is invited.簡析：短語 Oncondition, on supposition,你要當心

22、，別讓孩子們著涼了。如果約翰也被邀請的話，我就來。 on the ground（s）, on the understanding,及句式 There BE+nowith the exception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption練習(xí)題1. His success was because of he had been working hard.A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact2. "Is Mary from New York City " "

23、I don't know ."A. from what city does she come fromB. from what city she comeC. what city does she come fromD. what city she comes from makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever4. The reason why I didn't go to Shanghai was a new job.A. because I got B. beca

24、use of gettingC. I got D. that I got5. It worried her a bit her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for6. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him why .A. did he do that B. he did thatC. he did D. he has done so7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know .A. how he is getting along

25、B. how is he getting alongC. what he is getting alongD. what is he getting along8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever9. He asked me with me.A. what is the trouble B. what wrong wasC. what was the matter D. what trouble it

26、 is10. I am sure he said is true.A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what11. When and why he came here yet.A. is not known B. are not knownC. has not known D. have not bee wonder how much .A. does the watch cost B. did the watch costC. the watch costed D. the watch costs13. Mary is someone migh

27、t recognize her.A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes lateB. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes lateD. Being a few minutes late15. They came to the conclusion by a computer.A. that not

28、 all things can be doneB. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be doneD. because not all things can be done16. Why the explosion occurred was the laboratory attendant had beencareless.A. for B. because C. since D. that17. I don't doubt he'll come.A. that B. if C. what

29、 D. whether18. "Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang " "Well, I forget I was supposed to go to."A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was it19. Output is now six times it was before liberation.A. that B. which C. what D. of which20. Mary: Helen

30、is a mere washer woman, yet she's now buying a big house. Carol: Yes. Because she's always saved .A. what little she earns B. how little she earnsC. for little she earns D. with little she earnssurprised me most was such a little boy of seven could play the violinso well.A. That.what B. What

31、.that C. That.which D. What.which22. We gave him help we could.A. which B. what C. that D. this23. She is pleased with what you have given him and you have told him.A. that B. which C. all what D. all that24. Excuse me would you please tell me A. when the sports meet is taken placeB. when is the spo

32、rts meet going to be heldC. when is the sports meet to beginD. when the sports meet is to take place25. Do you happen to know A. what size shoes he wearsB. how big shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoesD. what number shoes are his26. This book will show you can be used in other contexts.A. h

33、ow you have observedB. how what you have observedC. that you have observedD. how that you have observed27. Where do you think A. has he gone B. has he beenC. he's gone D. was he28. Do you know A. how many populations there are in the worldB. how much population there is in the worldC. how many t

34、he population of the world isD. what the population of the world is29. Would you go and see outsideA. what to take place B. what Tom has happenedC. what is happening D. what the matter had been30. The subject of "What is interesting is that I do not even know him." is A. what B. interestin

35、g C. What is interesting D. II think he is Charles.A. Who do you think he isB. Do you think who he isC. Whom do you think he isD. Do you think who he is32. He didn't know which room .A. they lived B. they lived inC. did they live D. did they live in33. The little boy ate his mother gave him.A. t

36、hat B. which C. whatever D. no matter what34. The city is no longer .A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be35. My parents used they had to get a new car for me.A. which B. that C. what D. all what we go swimming every day us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.doC. If.d

37、oes D. That.does was the idea the wife thought ofA. What.that B. That.what C. How.why D. Why.how did he tell his wife he wished to doA. That.what B. What.that C. Where.which D. Which.where of the men held the view the book said was right.A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which that40. I hav

38、e no idea or not he has finished the work.A. if B. that C. whether D. which41. "Do you know " "His father is a doctor."A. what is his father B. who is his fatherC. what his father is D. who his father is42. Is this we met each other two years agoA. place B. place in which C. wher

39、e D. place which43. It Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought thatthings.all know the truth there are air, water and sunlight there are livingA. where B. wherever C. that D. that wherever45. They discussed they could settle the problem without others' he

40、lp.A. if B. that C. what D. whether46. She asked .A. what I was doing when she rang me upB. what was I doing when she rang me upC. when she rang me up what I was doingD. when did she ring me up what I was doing47. - May I borrow the ring - You can take you like.A. no matter what B. which C. whicheve

41、r D. that48. He said that he was fond of .A. what beautiful is B. what is beautifulC. beautiful is what D. what it is beautiful49. He insisted that he in good health and to work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, send50. Do you know he expects will give us a talkA. who B. wh

42、om C. that D. whose51. It's uncertain the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how52. They would have fixed the telephone yesterday it was a holiday.A. except B. except for C. except that D. but for is to do good all one's life and never do anything bad.A. Whichever is hard

43、B. No matter what is hardC. What is hard D. All what is hard the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which55. As the day was fine, I made the suggestion for a walk in the park.go will go we go we go we can't get seems better than we have.A. What, what B.

44、What, that C. That, that D. That, what you don't like him is none of my business.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether58. You can't imagine when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited we'l

45、l go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where60he really means is he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. Why that D. If what going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who'll finish translating the book depends o

46、n the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. Thathouse will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. What won't go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether mistakes must correct them.A. Who B.

47、 Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. Howdays later, word came our country had sent up another man-made satellite.A. which B. when C. that D. where problem is will go to the meeting.A. why B. when C. what D. who looks it were going t

48、o rain.A. even if B. as if C. even though D. like is he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how is Lu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. why thought strange that Tom did not come yesterday.A. that B. it C. this D. what fact she had not said anything surprised all of us.A. which

49、 B. what C. that D. howI'm considering now the money we need.A. is B. are C. were D. was you tell me A. who is that gentlemanB. that gentleman is whoC. who that gentleman isD. whom is that gentleman the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who78. It is wel

50、l known a person eats causes changes in the body.A. that what B. that C. what D. how79. The energy is makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such80. Jack was soon told he did was not necessary.A. why B. that C. how D. why what81. We should think carefully about Mr. Needham

51、 said at the meeting.A. that B. what C. which D. X82. Can you point out two radios are the bestA. which B. what C. that D. whether83. You will easily know video recorders （錄相機 ） are the same.A. what those B. that of those C. that all of D. which of those84. you have seen things like these before doe

52、sn't matter.A. If B. Whether C. What D. When85. I asked her in English she was, and she told me she was anactress.A. who that B. who XC. what X D. how that86. She took it for granted I'd be back home an hour ago.A. that B. whether C. if D. when87. We think it possible the local government will be able to solve thehousing problem.A. for B. that C. when D. how88. Now there is a danger the ground may fall in （沉下） under the heavytraffic.A. whether B. if C. X D. that89. At that