高中英語必修四第一單元單詞短語和重點語法項目詳解：

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上新人教高中課本英語必修4單元單詞短語和重點語法項目詳解：必修4 Unit 1 Warm up : 1. achieve， v，取得，獲得，名詞：achievement,achieve ones （goal，dream， success） achieve great success.取得巨大成功。2. .a connection between A and B A 與B之間的關(guān)系have a direct close strong collection with sth 與某事有著-樣的聯(lián)系In connection with 關(guān)于，有關(guān)connect to /with

2、 .和有關(guān)聯(lián)?；貞洠罕匦抟恢校篵e concerned about .對關(guān)注，關(guān)切。 已及 concern oneself with 對.有興趣。3 behave v， 名詞：behavior； example：How is the vehicle behaving？這輛車表現(xiàn)如何？.behave +adv to sb 對某人表現(xiàn) oneself 守規(guī)矩，表現(xiàn)得體。 Well / badly 表現(xiàn)好/差be on one's good / best behavior 舉止規(guī)矩put sb on his best behavior 規(guī)勸或警告某人要規(guī)規(guī)矩矩。感官動詞;4.observe

3、+sb doing sth 觀察某人在做某事。 sb do sth 觀察某人做了某事。 sth 觀察某事物that 觀察到4.show / have respect for sb 尊敬某人lose the respect for sb 失去-的尊敬respect oneself 自尊respect sb for. 因-而尊重某人。respect sb as. 尊稱某人為-5.argue with sb about over sth 同某人辯論某事。argue +that -從句 主張，認(rèn)為- argue for against 為支持、反對-而辯論argue sb into / out of

4、doing 說服某人做、不做某事。6.inspire sb to do sth 鼓勵、激勵某人做某事。 sb with sth、sth in sb 激起，引起某人7.in support of 支持 in charge of 負(fù)責(zé) in favor of 贊同 in (great) need of （急）需要 in place of 代替 in memory of 為了紀(jì)念 in honor of 為了紀(jì)念8.move off 離開，駛離。set off for sp. 出發(fā)去。move away 搬走， move in 搬進(jìn)新居 move on 繼續(xù)前行move over 挪動，讓位。 mo

5、ve out off 搬出去，遷走，撤出move up 挪動，靠攏，升遷。 9.lead/live a life 過著-樣的生活。10.crowd in (on sb) /crowd into ones mind 涌上心頭，涌入腦海 11.intend to do sth 打算做某事 intend sb to do sth 打算讓某人做某事intended to have done sth 本想做某事而沒做。= had intended to do sth 原打算做某事而沒做。be intended for- 為-而打算（或設(shè)計)的。be intended to do sth 打算做某事（表狀

6、態(tài)）12.without intention 無意地13.have sth out of consideration 對某事不予考慮，忽視某事 take-into consideration 考慮到，顧及 in consideration of 作為-的報酬、考慮到- on /under no consideration 決不，（在句首，部分倒裝） be under consideration 在考慮、審議中 show consideration for sb/sth 體諒、關(guān)心-14.deliver sb of a baby 為某人接生。be delievered of （ 生小孩），只用被

7、動形式rob sb of sth 搶某人某物15.look down on/upon 瞧不起look up to 敬仰look about /around 四處查看、。look after 照料，照看，。look forward to (doing) sth 期待，盼望。look into 調(diào)查look up 抬頭看 look out for 小心注意看16.refer.to. 把.提交給. 把.歸功于.refer to.as. 把.稱作.17.by any chance 或許，可能 no chance 不可能take ones chance 碰運(yùn)氣 take a chance on sth

8、冒險have chance to do sth 有機(jī)會做某事give sb a chance 給某人一個機(jī)會e across 偶然遇見 ； come about 發(fā)生 產(chǎn)生 come out 出版，開花 ，傳出 come after 追趕 come up 長出地面，發(fā)生，上來，出來 come up with 提出，想出 come on 快點19.carry on ( with ) sth/carry on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事carry off 贏得 獲得carry out 實行，執(zhí)行，進(jìn)行，履行20.It occurred to me that.It struck me that.

9、 使我突然想起.It hit me that. 21It is worthwhile to do sth 做某事是值得的It is worthwhile doing sthbe (well) worth doing 是（很）值得做的be worthy of being donebe worthy to be done be worthy of sthbe worthy to be my friend   22.condition ，單數(shù)是指人，事物等的狀態(tài)； 復(fù)數(shù)conditions,一般是指所處的環(huán)境條件等。on condition that. 以。為條件 In

10、 good,./poor condition. 處于良好/差 狀態(tài)。 On no condition. that 絕不，  23. only+狀語”位于句首，句子通常要用倒裝語序(部分倒裝用一般疑問句形式)。如： 1. “only 副詞”位于句首。 Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 只是到了那時我才意識到是我錯了。 2.“only+介詞短語位于句首。Only by working hard can you succeed. 只有努力工作你才能成功。 Only in the reading-room can you find him.

11、你只有在閱覽室才能找到他。 3. “only+狀語從句”位于句首。如： Only when one loses freedom does one know its value. 一個人只在失去自由后才知道自由可貴。 注意：若位于句首的不是only+狀語，而是 only+賓語等，則通常無需倒裝。如： Only one more point will I make. 我只再說明一點。語法知識點A：although 與 though的用法區(qū)別 一、用作連詞 表示“雖然”,兩者大致同義,可換用只;是 although 比 though 更為正式：Though Although it

12、 was raining,we went there.雖然下著雨,但我們還是去了那兒.Though Although it was barely four oclock,the lights were already on.盡管才四點鐘,燈已經(jīng)亮了.Though Although we are poor,we are still happy.我們雖然窮,仍然很快活.二、用作副詞 although 一般不用作副詞,而 though 可用作副詞,且一般放在句末(不放在句首),意為“可是”、“不過”：Its hard work; I enjoy it though.工作很辛苦,可是我樂意干

13、.He is looking fit,though.但他看起來很健康.You can count on him,though.不過你可以指靠他.三、用于習(xí)語 在 as though(好像,仿佛),even though(即使,縱然)等固定短語中不能用 although：She closed her eyes as though she were tired.她閉上眼,仿佛很疲勞似的.We felt as though we had witnessed the whole thing.我們感到仿佛目擊了整個這件事似的.He is an honest man,I must say,eve

14、n though I have opposed him.盡管我反對過他,我還得說他是一個誠實的人.She was always afraid of men,even though she had lots of boyfriends.盡管她有很多男朋友,她總是害怕男人.四、用于倒裝 though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可用部分倒裝的形式(注意：倒裝后位于句首的名詞之前不用冠詞),但 although 一般不這樣用：Poor though I am,I can afford it.我雖窮,但這東西還是買得起的.Child though he was,he did quite well.他雖

15、是孩子,但干得很好.另外注意：1.although較正式,語氣強(qiáng) Although he was tired,he went on working.2.although引導(dǎo)的從句放在主句前后均可,有時還可放在句中.Although many difficulties are still ahead,we are determined to make greater achievements.盡管在前面的道路上還有許多困難,但是,我們決心要取得更大的成就.He often helps me with my English although he is quite busy.盡管他相當(dāng)忙

16、,但是還常常幫我學(xué)英語.3.although引導(dǎo)的從句不能與but,however連用,但可與yet,still連用.不能說：Although he was old,but he worked hard.應(yīng)把but去掉.當(dāng)然,保留but而去Although也可.注意:although 的幾不:although不能指假設(shè)的情況 although不能作并列連詞 although不能作副詞,放在詞尾語法知識點：主謂一致主謂一致，指人稱和數(shù)方面的一致關(guān)系。分為:語法一致, 意思一致, 就近一致的三原則。(一) 語法一致原則: 即主語為單數(shù),謂語用單數(shù),主語為復(fù)數(shù),謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)。以下

17、為注意事項:1. 單數(shù)主語即使后面帶有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides,as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引導(dǎo)的短語, 謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。如: Air as well as water is matter.  空氣和水都是物質(zhì)。No one except two servants was late for the dinner.  除了兩個仆人外, 沒有一個人遲來用餐。

18、2. 用and連接的并列主語,如果主語是同一個人,同一事,同一概念, 謂語動詞用單數(shù), 否則用復(fù)數(shù)。如: The poet and writer has come. 那位詩人兼作家來了.(一個人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 錘子和鋸都是有用的工具. (兩樣物)用and連接的成對名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個整體,比如： a needle and tread ,bread and butter(黃油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)，fish and chips,等作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。3. 不定式(短語), 動名詞(短語), 或從句作主

19、語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù). 如:Serving the people is my great happiness.為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福.When well go out for an outing has been decided.我們什么時候出去郊游已決定了。4. 用連接的并列主語被each, every 或no修飾一起做主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù).Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming.  每個男孩和每個女孩都喜歡去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting.

20、  沒有老師也沒有學(xué)生開會缺席.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help.  每個男人和每個女人都被請去幫忙。注意：each做復(fù)數(shù)主語的同位語時候，一般謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 each have a bike.5. each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞, 謂語動詞用單數(shù). 復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each, 謂語動詞用單數(shù).如:Each of us has something to say. 我們每個人都有話要說。6. 若主語中有more than one 或many a/an , 盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù), 但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。 但more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+th

21、an one做主語時, 謂語動詞仍用復(fù)數(shù). 如:Many a boy likes playing basketball. 許多男生都喜歡打籃球.More than one student was late. 不只一個學(xué)生遲到More persons than one come to help us. 不止一個人來幫助我們。7.  none 做主語時,謂語動詞可用單數(shù), 也可用復(fù)數(shù); 但在代表不可數(shù)的東西時總看作單數(shù),因而謂語動詞要用單數(shù). 如: None of us are (is) perfect. 人無完人。 None of this worries me. 這事一點不使我著急。

22、8. 名詞如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主語時, 謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù). 如:His clothes are good. 但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn) a pair of , 謂語一般用單數(shù).如:A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼鏡。9. 形復(fù)意單名詞如:news ; 以ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如: physics, mathematics, economics; 國名如: the United States; 報紙名如: the New Times; 書名如: Arabian Night &l

23、t;天方夜談> 以及The United Nations<聯(lián)合國> 等作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。10. “a +名詞+and a half “, “one and a half + 名詞”, “the number of + 名詞” 等作主語時, 謂語動詞要用單數(shù). 如: Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如: One or two places have been visited. 參觀了一兩個地點。(二) 意義一致原則: 1.主語中有a

24、ll, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”做主語時,謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于連用的名詞.如:The rest of the bikes are on sale today.  剩下的自行車， 今天出售。60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 這個蘋果的60%都被這個小男孩吃了。Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的蘋果都是爛的。Most of the apple was eaten by a rat.  這個蘋果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2. 不定數(shù)量的詞組, 如:par

25、t of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主語時, 謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于量詞后面名詞的數(shù).如:A part of the textbooks have arrived.  一小部分教科書已運(yùn)到。A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig.  這個蘋果的一部分被豬吃光了。3. 加減乘除用單數(shù).如:Fifteen minus five is ten . 15減去5等于10。4. 表時間, 金錢, 距離, 度量等的名詞做主語時, 盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式

26、, 它們做為一個單一的概念時, 其謂語動詞用單數(shù).如: Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一個相當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x。5. (1) 通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 這些集體名詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù).如: The British police have only very limited powers.(2) 通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.(3) 可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞. 包括 audience, committee, government, f