2018-2019學年高考英語題型集訓：史地人文類閱讀理解

1、2021-2021學年高考英語題型集訓：史地人文類閱讀理解一、閱讀理解I)America is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while then no more. If

2、 the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, sometimes extending deeply into both families. Americans are re

3、ady to receive us foreigners at their homes, share their holidays, and their home life. They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality easily.Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday

4、lives, they don' t show their politeness to us if itrequires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time. Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take da

5、ys off to act as guides to our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at homes, but truly can not manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their daily routine. They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And

6、 they expect that we will phone them from there. Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably.For the Americans, it is often considered more friendly to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for pure busi

7、ness matters. So accept their hospitality at home!II) The writer of this passage must be.A.an AmericanB.a ChineseC.a professorD.a student(2) Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A.Friendships between Americans usually extend deeply into their families. B.Friendships be

8、tween Americans usually last for all their lives.C.Americans will continue their friendships again even after a long break. D.Americans always show their warmth even if they are very busy.(3) What dose the underlined words“generouswith our time " irParagraph 2probably mean ?A.strict with timeB.

9、serious with time C.careful with time D.willing to spend time(4) Which is a suitable title for this passage?A.Friendships between ChineseB.Friendships between AmericansC.Americans ' hospitality0.Americans ' aihdnese views of friendships【答案】BCDD【考點】 標題歸納 說明文閱讀 詞義猜想 細節(jié)理解 社會文化類閱讀【解析】本文屬于說明文閱讀,主

10、要描述了中國人和美國人對待友誼的不同觀點和做法.【解答】(1) B細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第一段中“Thican be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand 及第二段中“Anothedifficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives 可知作者是一名中國人,應(yīng)選 B.(2) C 細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第一段中的"This can be quite

11、difficult for us Chinese tounderstand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, sometimes extending deeply into both families可矢口 A、 B是中國人對待友誼的做法,而美國人不那樣做,故錯誤；根據(jù)第一段中的“If the same two peoplemeet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friends

12、hip 可知 C正確； 根據(jù)第二 段的 "The Americans, howver, express their welcome usually at homes, but truly can not manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their daily routine 可知 D 錯誤. 綜上,應(yīng)選a(3) D詞義猜想題.根據(jù)第二段中“theydon ' show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time 說明當美

13、國人忙的 時候他們對自己的時間很苛刻,所以可知中國人對待自己的時間是慷概的.應(yīng)選D.(4) D標題歸納題.根據(jù)文中“America is a mobile society. Friendships betweenAmericans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change. 及 “This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then

14、may become lifelong feelings, extending sometimes deeply into both families.可知本文主要說的是中美之間對友誼的觀點.應(yīng)選 D.2.Street dances are dance styles that evolved (逐漸演變) outside of dance studios in any available open spaces. They are often improvisational (即興的) and social in nature, encouraging interaction and cont

15、act with audiences and the other dancers. These dances generally evolve out of urban and suburban spaces and are a part of the native culture of that geographical area. Some examples of street dances include B-boying, or breakdancing, which originated in New York City, and the Melbourne Shuffle, whi

16、ch originated in Melbourne, Australia.Street dances are dances that evolve among people in a social environment, although it cannot be always determined as to how they actually do evolve among people. In theory, as one person comes up with a move that looks good to another person, that other person

17、tries to copy that move. Similar to the game of Chinese Whispers, the effect is that the other person cannot absolutely perform that move the same way as the other person, thus leading to the dancer creating their own style or an entirely new move.There is a small difference between an entirely free

18、style dance and an absolute street dance. While a freestyle dance is random and a personal dance invented by a single person ( even if it ' s based on someone else ' s dan aefisHyiereet dance is a collection of the various similar dance moves and styles collected into one practice and regard

19、ed as the same dance. For example, when B-boying evolved out of early hip-hop culture, people came up with their own moves, and other people improved them. Street dances constantly evolve for as long as they are, now and then practiced and regarded as the same dance. All the moves danced to breaks i

20、n hip-hop culture were regarded as B-boying.Sometimes it is possible to trace back street dance styles that were mostly pioneered by specific persons. One example is Locking, which is often regarded as being started by Don Campbell, who was a 1970s pioneer of American street dances. Most of the time

21、 it is impossible to owe street dances to specific people; since the dances evolve outside of professional dance environments, and there is no social or legal record. Street dance pioneers also rarely have professional degrees in dance, thus distinguishing street dances from other modern dance forms

22、.(1) Paragraph 1 is intended to tell us the of street dances.A.varietiesB.changesC.characteristicsD.distributions(2) What do we know about street dances?A.Dancers perform them in dance studios.B.They are developed by professional dancers.C.They are collected from different moves and styles.D.Dancers

23、 create moves based on other people' s moves.(3) Chinese Whispers are mentioned in Paragraph 2 to.A.stress a street dancer ' s own styleB.show the effect of Chinese WhispersC.introduce a popular Chinese gameD.explain the characteristics of street dances(4) The passage is probably taken from.

24、A.a travel journalB.a history textbookC.a popular magazine D.a museum brochure 【答案】C D D C 【考點】 目的意圖 文章出處推理判斷 說明文閱讀 社會文化類閱讀【解析】本文是一篇說明文.文章介紹了街舞的特點、形成街舞特點的原因等.【解答】(5) C目的意圖題.根據(jù)第一段第二句"They are often improvisational (即興的)andsocial in nature, encouraging interaction and contact with audiences and t

25、he other dancers 可知,街舞通常是即興的、社會性的,它鼓勵舞者與觀眾及其他舞者聯(lián)系和互動；結(jié) 合第一段其他內(nèi)容可知,該段旨在告訴讀者街舞的特征,故 C項正確.(6) D推理判斷題.根據(jù)第二段第二句"In theoryas one person comes up with a movethat looks good to another person, that other person tries to copy that move 可知,當一個 人想出了一種其他人認為漂亮的動作時,其他人便試著模仿那種動作；據(jù)此可推知, 街舞是在其他人的動作的根底上創(chuàng)造的舞蹈,故 D

26、項正確.(7) D推理判斷題.根據(jù)第二段最后一句"Similar to the game of Chinese Whispers, theeffect is that the other person cannot absolutely perform that move the same way as the other person, thus leading to the dancer creating their own style or an entirely new move 可 知,和 中國耳語游戲相似,其他人無法做出和他人完全一致的動作,因而導致舞者 創(chuàng)造了他們自己的

27、風格或全新的動作；據(jù)此可以判斷,第二段提及中國耳語游戲的目的是解釋形成街舞特征的原因,故D項正確.(8) C文章出處題.通讀全文可知,文章介紹了街舞的特點、形成街舞特點的原因等, 屬于對社會上流行的事物的說明,據(jù)此可以判斷,本文最可能選自流行雜志,故C項正確.3.Nadam Fair (那達慕大會) ,meaning a entertainment , orinrecoegtixtian,“originated in the early days of the 13th century and is a mass traditional Mongolian festival. A “ Huli

28、 Letai (big"meeting ) was held by Mongol leaders every month. Many activities were taken on during the meeting, such as making laws and regulations, appointing and removing officials, giving awards and penalties, and the large Nadam Fair. As recorded, in 1206 when Genghis Khan was elected as th

29、e Mongolian Khan, a grand Nadam Fair was held. Since its birth, the three skills wresting, horse racing and archery have been a necessary part of the Nadam activities. In the past, winners of the three sports would be given horses, camels, sheep, brick tea, and silk as prizes.In modern times, more a

30、ctivities have been added, such as polo, horsemanship, track and field, and other ball competitions. The newly added contents turn the traditional national grand meeting to a happy and effective one. Nadam held in Xilin Gol League is the biggest and has become an important activity for the health an

31、d entertainment of the masses. Nowadays, Nadam is always held in summer or autumn when the grasslands are beautiful and flocks and herds are ready for tallow. It often lasts for three to seven days. During this time, herdsman will come from all over in completely new national costumes, riding their

32、horses, carrying tents, all kinds of meat and milk products on their light wooden carts. While putting up the tent, people begin to boil tea and stew meat.From ancient times, the three skills have been used as standards to judge ability. Such activities can be performed anytime and anywhere, since s

33、pecial fields, equipment or a fixed number of people are not necessary.Mongolian wrestling is distinguished from other forms by its rules, methods, uniforms and fields. There are neither weight or age distinctions, nor fixed numbers. All wrestlers arematched by drawing straws or by respected judges.

34、 The game uses a single elimination rule in which victory or defeat is determined once. The loser is not allowed to compete again. Half of the contestants will be eliminated each time. As soon as the judge gives an order to start, the opponents first shake hands to show respect to each other, and th

35、en begin to wrestle. There is no time limitation and the opponents can pull, kick, trip, push and hold. The person who touches the ground with any part of the body above the knees is the loser.(1) The festival Nadam Fair in Mongolia.A.is developed to keep people healthyB.is intended for entertainmen

36、tC.always remains unchanged D.is used to celebrate the harvest(2) During the festival there are many activities EXCEPT.A.basketballB.poloC.wrestlingD.diving(3) Nadam is probably held in.A.July or AugustB.December or JanuaryC.March or AprilD.November or February(4) The passage tells readers.A.the act

37、ivities in the festival of NadamB.the development of NadamC.the history and celebration of NadamD.the importance of Nadam【答案】BDAC【考點】高三推理判斷 說明文閱讀 細節(jié)理解 社會文化類閱讀【解析】本文是一篇說明文.文章主要講述了那達慕大會是蒙古族的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日,包括摔跤、射 箭、賽馬等比賽工程.【解答】(5) B細節(jié)理解題.由文章的第一句可知,那達慕大會是蒙古族人民的傳統(tǒng)的娛樂節(jié) 日.應(yīng)選B.(6) D細節(jié)理解題.從文章第二段的內(nèi)容可以判斷C項正確；從第三段中的“Inmo

38、dem times, more activities have been added, such as polo other bcSTcompetitionsA和B正確.D項在文中未提到.應(yīng)選D.(7) A推理判斷題.由文章第四段中的"Nowdays, Nadam is always held in summer or autumn可知,該節(jié)日常在夏季或秋季舉行,應(yīng)選 A項.(8) C推理判斷題.A B、D三項屬于文章的局部內(nèi)容,不能反映文章全貌,故排除. 文章第一段講了那達慕大會的簡史,接下來講述了人們?nèi)绾瓮ㄟ^各種活動來慶祝這一 節(jié)日,應(yīng)選Co4.The people of Aus

39、tria call their country Osterreich, which can be translated as east(realm :' The origin of the name goes back to the 10th century, when Austria was an eastern border area of the Holy Roman Empire. From this early beginning, Austria itself grew into a great empire. During the 16th century, its em

40、peror was the ruler of about ten countries.Today Austria is a small but rich nation in Central Europe.Religious holidays and other festivals are joyful occasions in Austria. In some religions, for example, there is an exciting festival for scaring away the winter. Weddings are very special occasions

41、 in the villages. These are days of much singing and dancing. One of the most exciting dances to watch is the Schuhplattler that in this dance the men slap their bodies while the girls twirl (旋轉(zhuǎn))around them in their bright dresses. They dance to the music of the zither or the violin. The musicians p

42、lay faster and faster toward the end of the dance until the dancers are out of breath.A favorite holiday throughout Austria is St Nicholas Day. This is the day when Saint Nicholas visits Austrian children. The night before, the children always remember to leave their shoes where Nicholas will find t

43、hem. In the morning the good children find beautiful presents in their shoes, but the bad children find only pieces of mud, which means nothing to them. Krampus, a black-faced monster who is half human and often half horse, is supposed to accompany Saint Nicholas on his travels. Bad children are esp

44、ecially afraid of Krampus. It is said that he carries a broom to hit very bad boys and girls.In Austria, there are three music festivals each year that attract thousands of music lovers from all over the world. Tickets to operas, concerts, and plays in Austria are often sold out weeks in advance. Ev

45、en rehearsals (排練) are usually well attended by students. When the old Vienna State Opera was bombed during World War n , thousands of desperately poor Austrians contributed small amounts of money to repair the building.(1)Austria was named Osterreich according to its.A.traditionB.locationC.populati

46、onD.expansion(2) We know from the text that the Schuhplattler is performed.A.by both men and women B.along with religious music C.at the beginning of the winter D.by dancers playing instruments(3) What will happen to the kids on St Nicholas Day?A.Kids always hide their shoes.B.Kids should behave the

47、mselves.C.Nicholas only gives beautiful gifts to good kids.D.Nicholas plays hide-and-seek with the kids.(4) What does the last paragraph mainly show?A.Austrians ' love of music.B.The attractiveness of music.C.The influence of music on Austrians.D.Three world-famous music festivals.【答案】BACA【考點】 段

48、落大意推理判斷說明文閱讀細節(jié)理解人文地理類閱讀【解析】本文是說明文.文章介紹了奧地利的歷史、具有代表性的節(jié)假日活動以及奧地利人民 對音樂的熱愛.【解答】(5) B推理判斷題.根據(jù)第一段中的 "can be translated as 'eastern realm ' . The origin of the name goes back to the 10th century, when Austria was an eastern border area of the Holy Roman Empire可知,由于奧地利的地理位置神圣羅馬帝國的東部邊界,奧地利人稱自己的

49、國家為 Ostereich,意為 東部王國.應(yīng)選B.(6) A細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第二段中的 "in this dance the men slap their bodies while the girls twirl (旋轉(zhuǎn))around them in their bright dresses 可知,演出者既有男的也有女的. 應(yīng)選Ao(7) C細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第三段中的 "In the morning the good children find beautiful presents in their shoes, but the bad children find onl

50、y pieces of mud, which means nothing to them何知,只有好孩子才會收到圣誕老人送的漂亮的禮物,而壞孩子只能夠得到泥 土.應(yīng)選Co(8) A段落大意題.根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知,奧地利每年都舉辦三個音樂節(jié),歌劇、 音樂會和戲劇的門票非常緊俏,奧地利人民即使生活窮困也要節(jié)衣縮食去重建劇院, 這些都反映出了奧地利人民對音樂的熱愛.應(yīng)選 Ao5.Europe was once a mixture of Latin-derived (起源于拉丁 語的)dialects that gradually,over the centuries, changed into a

51、 few separate languages French, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian. What happened in France, Portugal and Spain was an organic evolution: the dialect of the most prominent city gradually became the accepted language of the whole region. The strongest city determined the language of the whole country.Italy

52、 was different. It didn' t get itself united until 1861 and until then was a land of warringcity- states ruled by proud local princes or other European powers. So it' s not surprising thfor centuries, Italians wrote and spoke in local dialects that were not possible for each other to underst

53、and.In the sixteenth century, some Italians got together and decided that this was absurd andItaly needed an Italian language, at least a shared written language to removecommunication obstacles. So this gathering hand-picked the most beautiful of all the localdialects and crowned it Italian. What t

54、hey decided was the personal language of the great poet Dante Alighieri. It was in this“ sweet new style “ of dialectsDhan his masterpieceComedy (神曲),which was published in 1321, was written. It shocked the literature world that it was not written in Latin.Dante ' s masterpiece helped shape Ital

55、ian, affecting it as personally as Shakespeare would someday affect English. For a group of nationalists much later in history to have sat down and decided that Dante ' s Italian would now be the official language of Italy would be very much as if a group of Oxford teachers had sat down one day

56、in the early nineteenth century and decided that from this point forward everybody in England was going to speak pure Shakespeare. And it actually worked.(1) The underlined word “prominent" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to".A fortableB.beautifulC.importantD.ancient(2) What can we le

57、arn about Italy from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3?A.A national Italian language was in need as people hated wars.B.There was no written language in Italy before the 16th century.C.Some Italians had the great poet Dante create the national Italian language. D.Literature works were supposed to be writt

58、en in Latin before the 14th century.(3) The passage is mainly about ".A.the origin of the Italian languageB.the development of European languagesC.Dante ' s great efforts in shaping ItalianD.Shakespeare ' s influence on English language(4) How is the passage developed?A.By analyzing effects.B.By making comparisons.C.By offering descriptions.D.By telling a story.【答案】CDAB【考點】 文章結(jié)構(gòu) 主旨大意 推理判斷 說明文閱讀 詞義猜想 社會文化類閱讀【解析】本文是說明文.文章主要講述了意大利語的起源.【解答】(1) C詞義猜想題.根據(jù)畫線詞后的"The strongest city determined the language of thewhole country可"知,最重要的城市的方言逐漸變成被整個地區(qū)認可的語言,畫線詞表 示重要的,應(yīng)選C項.(2) D推理判斷題.