英語被動語態(tài)講解與練習

1、英語被動語態(tài)講解及練習一、什么是被動語態(tài)？英語中時態(tài)很多，但語態(tài)不多，只有兩種，即：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。所謂被動語態(tài)”，相當于中文中常說的 被”、由-的句式，如： “他的自行車被偷了。 ” ， “這座樓房是由他們建造的。、被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu) 那么，英語中被動語態(tài)是怎么樣構(gòu)成的呢？請看下面的例句：His bicycle was stolen.The building has been built in 2000.通過上面的例句，可以看出， “被動語態(tài) ”的構(gòu)成是：be +過去分詞+ （by+動作執(zhí)行者）三、被動語態(tài)的運用什么情況下要用被動語態(tài)呢？一般地說，有下面幾種情況：（ 1） 不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)

2、行者或沒有必要。例如：Paper is made from wood. （紙是由木材生產(chǎn)出來的。 ）The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. （這座房子太舊了。它是 1950年建成的。 ）He was wounded in the fight. （他在戰(zhàn)斗在受傷了。 ）Electricity is used to run machines. （電是用來開動機器的。 ）（ 2） 需要強調(diào)動作的對象時。例如：Calculator can't be used in the maths exam.Books and newspapers in

3、the reading room mustnt be taken away.（閱覽室的書籍和報紙不準帶走。 ）He was awarded first prize in that contest.（他在比賽中獲得了第一。 ）（ 3）為了使語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)，避免提到是誰做的這件事。例如：The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end ofnext month. （新實驗室必須在下個月底前完工。 ）四、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例一般地講，被動語態(tài)可用于英語的各種時態(tài)。為了能準確地運用被動語態(tài)，重點是要掌握 be 動詞的各種時態(tài)變化。各種

4、時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例如下：1、 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài). am / is / are + 動詞的過去分詞Our classroom is cleaned every day.This car is made in China.2、一般過去式的被動語態(tài): was / were + 動詞的過去分詞His desk was cleaned just now.The station was built in 1928.3、 現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài): am / is / are + being + 動詞的過去分詞A new factory is being built in our city now.Some

5、 trees are being cut down in the park.4、過去進行時的被動語態(tài): was / were + being + 動詞的過去分詞A new factory was being built in our city at that time.Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.5、一般將來時的被動語態(tài):(A) will / shall + be + 動詞的過去分詞(B) am / is / are + going to be +動詞的過去分詞.Some new factories wi

6、ll be built in our city this year.Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.1 、過去將來時的被動語態(tài): (1).would / should + be + 動詞的過去分詞 (2).was / were +going to be + 動詞的過去分詞 .She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.7、現(xiàn)在完

7、成時的被動語態(tài):have / has + been +動詞的過去分詞Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.Your watch has been mended already.8、過去完成時的被動語態(tài):had + been + 動詞的過去分詞He said that some new factories had been built in the city.I didn t know that my watch had been mended .9、含情態(tài)動詞的被動式： can/may/must + be

8、+ done例如： He can not be found. / I must be paid for this.五、如何將主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)1、從句子意義上說，就是重新找出 “什么事物 ”是 “被完成 ”的。例1.主動語態(tài)：人們說英語。 People speak English in many countries.被動語態(tài)：英語被說。 English is spoken in many countries.例 2.主動語態(tài)：我們造這座橋。 We built this bridge last year.被動語態(tài)：這座橋被建造。 This bridge was built last year.

9、2、從語法的角度說，把原句的賓語改成主語。例1.主動語態(tài)：小王邀請你（賓語 ） Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunchparty.被動語態(tài)：你（賓語 ）被邀請。 You has been invited to a lunch partyby Xiao Wang.例 2.主動語態(tài)：你不準帶走雜志（賓語） You must not take thesemagazines out of the reading-room.被動語態(tài)：雜志（賓語 ）不準被帶走.These magazines must not betaken out of the reading room.

10、例 3.主動語態(tài)：他們授給他（賓語 ）一枚獎?wù)?（賓語 ）.They gave him amedal for his wonderful work.被動語態(tài)：他（賓語 ）被授予一枚獎?wù)? He was given a medal for hiswonderful work.被動語態(tài)：一枚獎?wù)拢ㄙe語 ）被授給了他.A medal was given to himfor his wonderful work.六、練習2 .We shall discuss the problem at tomorrow's meeting.（提示 ） the problem -be - discuss3 .

11、Has anybody fed the birds?（提示 ） Has anybody - be - feed4 .People will never forget the accident.（提示 ） the accident - will be - forget5 .They are repairing the car in the garage.（提示 ） the car - be being - repair5.Someone must have turned on the light without your notice.（提示 ） the light - must have -

12、be - turn on6.They have found ways to make waste water clean.7.Someone must take care of the children when we go out.8 .They won't hold the meeting until next Friday.9 .You may write this letter in pencil.10 .They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.被動語態(tài)復習 ABCA 熟記結(jié)構(gòu)被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為 助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞（p

13、. p） ”。被動語態(tài)的不同時態(tài)是通過be 的時態(tài)變化來表示的，其人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)與主語保持一致。其具體變化為：一般現(xiàn)在時：am is are p p 一般過去時：was were p p 一般將來時：shall will be p p 現(xiàn)在完成時：have has been p p現(xiàn)在進行時：am is are being p p過去將來時：should would be p p 含情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動詞be p p 例如： Chinese by the largest number of peopleA speakB is speakingC speaksD is spoken（選 D

14、 ?？疾橐话悻F(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)） The boy to get supper ready after schoolA were toldB is tellingC was toldD tells（選Co考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)） A lot of new roads built in the west of ChinaA mustB must beC hasD have（選 B ?？疾楹閼B(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)）B 明確用法被動語態(tài)常用于以下兩種情況：1 不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者， 或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者；2強調(diào)動作的承受者。例如：這棵樹是那個男孩弄斷的。The tree by that bo

15、y（填 was broken）C.熟練轉(zhuǎn)換1 將主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的基本方法為：將主動語態(tài)的賓語作被動語態(tài)的主語；謂語動詞變?yōu)椤癰e及物動詞的過去分詞 工并通過be的變化來表達出不同的時態(tài)；主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~ by 的賓語，組成介詞短語放在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞之后。 （有時 by 短語可以省略） 。2被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句是將一個助動詞置于主語之前；否定句是在第一個助動詞后加not;特殊疑問句的語序為：疑問詞+一般疑問句。例如： You must throw the broken pottery away at onceThe broken potteryat onc e （同義句）（填 m

16、 ust be thrown away） Where did they grow vegetable* （改為被動語態(tài)）Where vegetables ？（填were； grown）D 注意特例將主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意幾個特殊情況：1含雙賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，有兩種方法：將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語保持不變；將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語用介詞to或for引導。例如： He told us a story （變被動語態(tài)）We were told a story （by him）. 或： A story was told to us by him. Her mother gave he

17、r a new pen （變被動語態(tài)）A new pen her by her mothe r（填 was given to）2短語動詞的被動語態(tài)：在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要將短語動詞視為一個整體，其后的介詞或副詞不能省去。例如： This dictionary mustn't from the libraryA take awayB taken awayC are taken awayD be taken awayD She will take good care of the children （變被動語態(tài)）The children will （ by her） （填 be taken

18、good care o）f3含有復合賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，通常將賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，而賓語補足語就成為主語補足語。注意：省略 to 的不定式作賓補時，不定式符號to 必須補上。例如：Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday （變被動He swim in Qianling Lake yesterday（填 was seen to）4.不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)為“to be+過去分詞建例如：The radio says a wild animal zoo is to in our cityA be buildingB bu

19、ildC be builtD built C5以疑問代詞開頭的疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動句時要注意詞序：應(yīng)將主動句中的疑問代詞改為介詞 by 的賓語，但仍然放在句子開頭。例如：Who has broken the cup （改為被動語態(tài)）By whom has the cup been broke nE.注意區(qū)別被動語態(tài)和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別：1）含義不同：被動語態(tài)強調(diào)動作，重點說明動作由誰完成、怎樣完成； 而過去分詞作表語通常用來描寫情景， 敘述人或事物的特征及所處的狀態(tài)。試比較：The window is broken,窗子破了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The window is broken by him.窗子被他打破了。（被動語態(tài)）2）用法不同：過去分詞作表語時可以被so， very， too 等程度副詞修飾，而被動語態(tài)則不能用so， very ， too 修飾，而需用 much， verymuch， so much， too much 修飾。試比較：He was very interested in science他對科學有極大興趣。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）I was so much