情態(tài)動(dòng)詞導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上高一英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞導(dǎo)學(xué)案【明確目標(biāo)】1、掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法2、能夠運(yùn)用所學(xué)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞知識(shí)進(jìn)行熟練對(duì)話。【自學(xué)指導(dǎo)】概說：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)，需要，可能，愿意和懷疑等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的詞義，但不完整，必須和主要?jiǎng)釉~的原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can, could, may, might, must, have to, ought to, need, dare, shall, will, should, would, be able to, etc.一. can , could, be able to用法I. 1) can 表示體力或腦力方面的能力，或根

2、據(jù)客觀條件能夠做某事的能力。 A blind man can not judge color. He can speak five languages. 2) 表示許可，在疑問句中表示要求，否定句中 表示不許。 Can (May) I come in ? - Can I use your dictionary? - Of course, you can.3) 表示可能性，常用于疑問句和否定句中.Can it be true? Can the hall seat a thousand people? Someone is knocking at the door. Who can it be?S

3、he cant be here. Mary cant have gone there alone.4) be able to與can 的比較A) 表示能力時(shí)可通用No one can / is able to do it. Can you come tonight? /Will you be able to come tonight?B) 表示經(jīng)過努而成功地辦到了某個(gè)具體的事情時(shí)，只能用be able to 不可用 can。With the help of the firemen, they were able to leave the burning house.After years of

4、 hard work he was able to win the prize.2. could 1) could 是can的過去時(shí)，除具有can的各種功能外，還可以用來比較委婉，客氣地提出問題或陳述看法。Could you come a little earlier? Im sorry I couldnt lend you the book now.- Could I borrow your bicycle? - Yes, of course, you can. ( 不可用could ) I could come earlier, if necessary.2) can 和could 還可表

5、示某人或某物一時(shí)的特點(diǎn)，可譯為“有可能，有時(shí)會(huì)”。He can be very friendly. He could be very proud.二. may, might 1） 表示許可，允許，譯為“可以”You may take the book home. People may not pick flowers in the park. Id like to ask a question if I may ask.- May I watch TV tonight? -Yes, you may. (No, you mustnt/youd better not.)- May I smoke

6、here? - Yes, please. / please dont.2) 表示推測(cè)，“或許，可能” 表示一件事或許會(huì)發(fā)生，一般用在陳述句中。It may rain tomorrow. They may not be there today. 3) 表示祝愿May our friendship live long! May you succeed!May you have a good time! May you be happy!4) may well + 動(dòng)詞原形意為“理應(yīng)，有足夠的理由” may /might as well+ 動(dòng)詞原形用來建議或勸說某人采取某種行動(dòng)，有時(shí)相當(dāng)于had b

7、etter常譯為 “還不如,不妨”。He may well be proud of his son. It is very late, so you may / might as well go to bed.Might: might是 may 的過去式，在表示可能時(shí)可以換用，但might 可能性較小，或表示更婉轉(zhuǎn)的語氣。 Jim may lend you money. Might I ask a question? May I ask for a photo of yours?I wonder if I might borrow some money?三. must, have to, ne

8、ed1. must 的用法： 1） 表示必須要做的事，意為“必須” ，mustnt表示禁止。在回答must的問句時(shí),不用mustnt,而用neednt或dont have to I must leave at 9. We must do everything step by step. We mustnt waste our time. - Must we hand in our exercises today?- Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to.2) must表示“偏要，非得”，（多指不愉快的事）Why must

9、 you always interrupt me? 3）must 還可表示推斷。 must +do對(duì)現(xiàn)在事推測(cè); must +have done 對(duì)過去事推測(cè). must + be dong對(duì)正在進(jìn)行的事推測(cè)This must be Jims pen. You must be joking. I cant find my key. I must have left it in the bus.2. must與 have to的比較： 1). have to比較強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要，表示因客觀環(huán)境或事態(tài)促使而不得不做某事；must強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法，表示主觀上認(rèn)為有必要做某事。I must learn ano

10、ther foreign language. You have to learn another foreign language if you want to work here.2) have to多表示義務(wù)或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作； must 則表示一種重要或急迫的事情。You have to care for the young. She has to be at the office before eight every day. You must go to the manager at once, or youll be dismissed. 【合作探究】3. need 的用法： 1）作情態(tài)動(dòng)

11、詞用時(shí)，多用于疑問或否定句中?；卮餹eed提出的問句時(shí)，肯定常用must否定常用neednt / dont have toYou need not do anything here. He never need know. She need hardly say anything to him. I dont think he need come. Need I repeat it? There need be no hurry, need there? - Need I go so soon? - Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. / No, you dont

12、 have to. 2）need have +過去分詞，表示本沒必要做，事實(shí)上做了You neednt have told them about it.I invited only two guests, so you neednt havebrought so much food.need用做行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)的用法：1) need to do ; need doing ; need to be done 的用法I need to buy a new dictionary. My bike needs to be repaired / repairing.2) 在will或 shall 表示的將來時(shí)

13、中need常用做行為動(dòng)詞。You will never need to worry about him. You will need to say nothing 四. will 和 would 的用法：1. 表示意愿意志和決心或固執(zhí)，用于非人主語時(shí)，表示固有性質(zhì)，傾向She wont lend me the money. He is the man who will go his own way.Ill never play a joke on him. I wont argue with you.The window wont open. The door wont shut.2. 表示客

14、觀事實(shí)Fish will die out of water. Oil will float on water.3. 表示一種揣想，用于二，三人稱It will be Mr. Wang knocking at the door. She will have heard of the accident.Sorry to be late. You will have been waiting for some time. You will not be familiar with these rare plants.4. 用于疑問句表示邀請(qǐng)或請(qǐng)求Will you give me a piece of

15、 paper? Wont you come in and have a little wine?Would you please tell me your telephone number?5. 表示“諾言” ，“命令” ，“叮囑” ，“強(qiáng)迫” 譯為“保證/ 保證不， 必須，一定要We will pay back the money soon. I wont do it any more, I promise you.Youll wait here till I come back. No one will leave the examination room before 12 oclock

16、. 6. 表示意圖或允諾You will have your share. I will trouble you for the dictionary.7. 表示拒絕，用wontI wont listen to your nonsense. The dog wont stop barking.8. would與 will的用法基本相同，would是will的過去式。如：will表示習(xí)慣而would過去習(xí)慣；用在疑問句中would比will語氣更溫婉等差異。I told him that I would go along with him. Would like something to eat

17、? When I was a child, I would go swimming every summer.五. shall, should, ought 的用法 A) shall的用法1. 用于一，三人稱， 表示征求意見或請(qǐng)求指示。Shall I turn on the light? Shall we meet in the evening?Shall + he /she / they +do sth = Do you want him / her / them to do sth2. 用于二，三人稱，表示決心，意志，允諾，命令， 警告，威脅，命運(yùn)或必然的結(jié)果等。You shall hav

18、e my answer tomorrow.（允諾） You shall be sorry for it one day. （ 警告） B) should的用法1. 表示勸告，建議，應(yīng)該做，且有一種道義上的責(zé)任。You should study the article carefully. Such a thing shouldnt be allowed to happen again.I should help him because he is in trouble now. You should do it because you have promised to.2. 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在，將來，

19、過去情況的某種推測(cè)，譯為 “可能，應(yīng)該，該”。He should arrive at noon. Jim should be at home now.They should have finished the work by tomorrow. They should have reached the town by now.3. 用于委婉，謙虛的提出意見，請(qǐng)求建議。I should say it would be better to try it again. I should think you are right.Id like to have a talk with you. 4. 用

20、于疑問或感嘆句中，表示意外，驚異等情緒，與what, how, why, who連用，且問句不需回答，有些相當(dāng)于修辭性問句。 Should we stand by and do nothing? Should you be so silly?5. 在某些從句中，表示驚異，不以為然等情緒。可譯為“竟然” ；用在獨(dú)立的that從句中，這時(shí)，that從句已成為感嘆句，可視為省略了Im sorry等；用在結(jié)果狀語從句中，表示“竟會(huì)”That things should come to this! 竟落到這種地步！ That a man should be cruel! 人竟會(huì)如此殘忍！What hav

21、e I said that you should get angry? 我說了什么竟使你生氣了？ 6. 用來表示虛擬（should + do / should + have done） 1）句中有表示命令，請(qǐng)求，建議，堅(jiān)持等意義時(shí)， 名詞性從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬(should + do)The teacher suggested that we should practice speaking English as much as possible.My suggestion is that you should go with us. It is suggested that we sho

22、uld start work at once.He made a suggestion that we should help the poor.2）在下面結(jié)構(gòu)的主語從句中 It is important / necessary / natural / strange / a pity etc用虛擬 (should + do)It is important that we should study another foreign language.It is a great pity that she should have failed to see such a wonderful per

23、formance.3) 在lest, for fear that, in case引起的狀語從句中， 謂語動(dòng)詞用(should + do)He clears the glass with care for fear that he should break it. Be quiet in case you should wake the baby. 4) should + have done表示過去應(yīng)該做某事卻沒做。含有“責(zé)備，內(nèi)疚”之意。 You should have told him about it.They should / ought to have come back yeste

24、rday.六. dare的用法1）dare 用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞常表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r(shí)間，有時(shí)也可表示過去，可用于肯定句，否定句，疑問句或if,unless等引導(dǎo)的從句He dare go deep into the mountains alone. She dare say what she thinks.He dare not criticize her. How dare you do such a thing?2) dare 用作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)常用作及物動(dòng)詞，表示“敢于，敢冒，敢于面對(duì)，向挑戰(zhàn)”后可跟名詞，代詞或不定式He dares any difficulties. He dares me to

25、jump over the wall. 他向我挑戰(zhàn)跳過那堵墻He dared to swim in the river.She didnt dare to tell her mother about it. I wonder how he dared to say so注：Dare同 shall, will, should, would, have, had等連用時(shí)，常用作行為動(dòng)詞. I will not dare to climb the tree. He would never dare to do it.They have never dared to swim in the lake.

26、【展示點(diǎn)撥】七.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成式的用法1. may和might +動(dòng)詞完成式1）常用于推測(cè)過去的行為，表示“可能已經(jīng)” He may have received the letter. It might have happened last October.2）也可表示將來某時(shí)之前的情況 He may have left when you get there. She might have died before he returns.3）表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成的情況 He might have arrived now. She may have got up now.2. can / coul

27、d +動(dòng)詞完成式 1) 表示本來能做而沒做的事，有一種對(duì)過去未付 朱實(shí)施的事情的惋惜I could have passed the exam, but I was too careless. 2）對(duì)過去某種事實(shí)或行為的推測(cè) Where can / could she have gone?3. must +動(dòng)詞完成式, 表示對(duì)過去行為的推斷，具 有較大的可能性，譯為“一定，想必” He must have known about it.4. neednt +動(dòng)詞完成式和 didnt need to do 1）neednt +動(dòng)詞完成式,表示一種已經(jīng)做過的但并無比要的行為You neednt ha

28、ve watered the flowers, for it is going to rain. 2）didnt need to do, 表示沒有必要做某事，實(shí)際上也沒做。I didnt need to clean the windows. My sister did it.八. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行式該結(jié)構(gòu)表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)正在可能正在”She might be still thinking of you. What can / could she be doing now?She may / might be watering the flowers. She must be watering th

29、e flowers.She cant be watering the flowers. 1) used to + V. ( usednt to + V. / didnt use to + V. Used + S + to + V. / did + S + use to + V.)2) had better / best (not) +V.(Had +S +better +V.)3) would rather ( not ) +V. You had better not go by air. What had we better do? Wouldnt you rather work here?

30、 I would rather have come back yesterday afternoon. 【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】1. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would2. You _ be hungry already - you had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt3. - What do you think we

31、can do for our aged parents? - You _ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. A. dont have to B. oughtnt to C. mustnt D. cant4. John promised his doctor he _ not smoke. And he has never smoked ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. would5. What a pity! Considering his ability and expe

32、rience, he _ better. A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done6. Liza _ well not want to go on the trip - she hates traveling. A. will B. can C. must D. may7. She _ have left school, for her bike is still here. A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt 8. According to th

33、e air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A. may B. can C. would D. should9. - I cant find my purse anywhere. - You _ have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would10. - Im sorry. I _ at you the other day. - Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.

34、A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shouted【練習(xí)達(dá)標(biāo)】1. - What sort of house do you want to have? Something big? - Well, it _ be big - thats not important. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. wont2. - What does the sign over there read? - “No person _ smoke or carry a li

35、ghted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.” A. will B. may C. shall D. must3. Some aspects of a pilots job _ be bring; and pilots often _ work at inconvenient. A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must4. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where _ I have put it? A. can B. must C. sho

36、uld D. would5. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday, I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. A. should have taken B. could have taken C. neednt have taken D. mustnt have taken6. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you _ take care of your luggage. A. can B. may C. must

37、D. will7. - She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. - I guess so. Its not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might8. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _ have driven her there. A. could B. must C. might D. should9. - Mr. Gordon asked me to remind you

38、of the meeting this afternoon. Dont forget it! -OK, I _. A. wont B. dont C. cant D. neednt10. - How is your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? - It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. A. will B. would C. should D. must【課后反思】ANSWERS：15 BBADD 610 DADAB 1115 BCAAC1620 CCDAC【合作探究】Choose the

39、best answers.(skiming)1.How many types of festivals are mentioned in the passage?A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six2. The beginning of festivals of the dead is related to _. A. religion B. seasons C. special people D. hunting 3At festivals people can do all the following except _. A. forget their wo

40、rk for a little while B. enjoy life C. travel around the world D. be proud of their customs 4Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage? A. Carnival and Columbus Day. B. Halloween and Spring Festivals. C. Thanksgiving Festivals and Obon. D. Valentines Day and Fools Day.5Which of the

41、 following is right? A. The ancient people always worry about their food.B. Halloween is a festival intended to honour the hero.C. To honor the great poet Qu Yuan, people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival.D. Easter celebrates the birth of Jesus.6Fill in the following chartKinds of FestivalsNames of

42、 FestivalsCountriesFestivals ofthe Dead  Festivalsto Honour People  Harvest Festivals  Spring Festivals  【展示點(diǎn)撥】Careful-reading1. Ancient Festivals Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of the _ _, planting in _ and harvest in _. Todays festivals have many _, some _, some seasonal and some for special _ or _.2Festivals of the DeadHow do Japanese honour their ancestors?They have a festival called Obon, when people should go to _ and _to honour their ancestors. They light lamps and play music.3. What do people in Mexico do in memory of the