BEC口語考試資料jobsharing

1、Job-sharingThereareanumberofpointstoconsiderwhenarrangingjob-sharing.Thefirstthingistofindsomeoneyoulike.Becausethepersonisyourpartnerwhocoorperatewithyouinthesamejobinthedifferentworktime.Thesecondthingistoorganizeandplanhowyousharethework.Thiscaneliminatetheconfusionoftheworkwhilemaintainingproduc

2、tivity,Thethirdthingistoarrangeafixedtimetocommunicate.Becauseyouandyourpartnerwilldothesamejobinthedifferenttimesothatyouneedagoodcommunicationandplantoimproveefficiency.Inaddition(Tosumup),job-sharingallowstheemployeetoworkpart-timeinordertospendmoretimewiththeirfamilies,attendschool,orpursueother

3、personalinterestswhenweobeytheruleofthejob-sharing.FreelanceThereareanumberofpointstoconsiderifyouareafreelancer.Thefirstthingistoowntheabilityofworkingindependently.Somepeoplecandolittlealonebutworkinginthegroup.Thiskindofpeoplecan'tdoagoodfreelancer.Thesecondthingistoorganizeandplanhowyouarran

4、gethejobofdifferentcompany.Becauseyousellyourworkorservicestoanumberofdifferentcompanies,youmustdealwiththerelationshipofdifferentjobs.Thethirdisagoodresource.Thatisforthecompanywhichyouareworkingforcan'tofferyouenoughresourceforafreelancer.Inaddition(Tosumup),Workingindependentlyandontemporaryc

5、ontractsratherthanforalong-termemployer.(Notes:takethehighroad=dothingsinanethicalway)Yousellyourworkorservicestoanumberofdifferentcompanies.HotdeskingMoreproductiveuseofofficespace;ofteninvolves,toagreaterorlesserextent,eliminatingpersonalownershipofdesks.Itisamethodofsharingdesks,withworkerswhoare

6、usuallyworkingelsewherebookingspacetowork.Thishasbeenmadeeasierbytheuseoflaptopsandjustbeingabletoplugthesestraightintodockingpointsateverydesk.Thisallowsworkerstocarryouttheirtasksanywherewhentheyareworkingfromtheirownlaptop.Advantages:Costsavinginfurnitureandoverheadssuchaselectricity,phonebills,c

7、omputermaintenance,rent,air-conditioning,etc.Disadvantage:nopersonalterritoryorprivacy.Youdon'thaveapermanentplaceorofficetoworkat,butyoufindaplacetoworkwhenyouarrive.ShiftWorkWorkthatisbrokenintochunksoftime,e.g.thedayshiftmaybe8a.m.to4p.m.;thenightshiftmidnightto8a.m.,etc.RelatedTerm:OT(overti

8、mepay)Youworkduringdifferentpartsoftheday(eg.nights).TeleworkingAcatch-alltermdescribinganywayofworkingatadistanceusingacombinationofcomputersandtelecommunications.Itisoftenassociatedwithhome-basedworking,butincludesmobileworking,etcCompare:WorkfromHomevs.WorkatHomeYouworkforacompanyfromhomeviaemail

9、,phoneortheInternet.TelecommutingThistermisusedinterchangeablywithteleworking,andisthemorecommontermintheUS.Theconceptualemphasisisonreplacingthecommutejourneythroughelectronicaccesstotheworkplace.Synonyms:telecommuter/home-basedworkerFlextimeFlextime（flexibleworktime）isthemostpopularflexibleworkarr

10、angementthatrequiresemployeestoworkastandardnumberofhourseachweekbutallowsthemtochoosetheirownstartingandquittingtimes.However,aportionofeachdayisdesignatedas"coretime/hours"whenallemployeesmustbepresent.Youworkanumberofhoursperweekormonthbutyoudecidewhenyoustartorfinish.Job-sharingAlterna

11、tiveworkscheduleinwhichtwoemployeesvoluntarilysharetheresponsibilitiesofonefulltimejob,andreceivesalaryandbenefitsonpro-ratabasis（按比例均攤）.Forexample,onepersonmayworkinacertainpositionMondayandTuesday,andasecondpersonmayoccupythatsamepositionThursdayandFriday.ThetwopeoplemaybothworkonWednesdayanduseth

12、attimetoupdateeachotheronthecurrentstatusofthevariousprojectsonwhichtheycollaborate.Avarietyofotherarrangementsarepossibleaswell.Twoormoreworkerssharethedutiesofonefulltimejob,witheachpersonworkingonaparttimebasis.Examples:?Twoworkerssplittheworkofasingleposition60%/40%,sharethesalaryaccordingly,and

13、areintheoffice2daysperweekatthesametime.?Twoworkersshareasinglepositionanddecidetogetherwheneachwillworkandwhichtaskseachwillperform.TempingWorkingshortemploymenttaskswithavarietyofclients,usuallythroughatempingagencyorstaffingfirm.Previouslytempsweremostlyadministrative,butjob-seekerscannowfindtemp

14、ingagenciescoveringmostprofessions.Tempingisgreatforbuildingresume,learningskills,networking-andjobflexibilityandvariety.Youworkfordifferentcompaniesforashorttimewithoutapermanentcontract.Consultancy（顧問工作）Theactofanindividualororganizationprovidingprofessionaladvicetoothersforafee.Awidevarietyofcons

15、ultantsexistformanyareasoforganizationalconcerns,includingmanagement,accounting,finance,andlegalandtechnicalmatters.Youaren'employedbyacompany,butarepaidtogivespecialistadvice.Part-yearWork:Workersworkonlyacertainnumberofmonthsperyear.Examples:?Asemi-retiredaccountantworksforanaccountingfirmduri

16、ngitsbusyseasonfromJanuarythroughMay.Hetakestheremainderoftheyearofftotravel.?Ateacherworksanine-monthyear.Youonlyworkforsomeoftheweek(notfull-time).Whatisimportanttorememberwhendecidingwhattypeofadvertisingtouse?Whendecidingwhichtypeofadvertisingtouse,thefirstthingistoconsiderthecost.Thecompanyshou

17、lddecidethetypeofadvertisingaccordingtothebudget.Ifitissoexpensivethatthecompanycannotaffordit,itwillcauseunnecessaryburdentothecompany.Inadditiontocost,alsorememberthatitshouldreachvastnumberoftargetcustomers.Forexample,iftheproductaimsatseniorcitizens,itshouldnotchoosetheInternetbecausemanyseniorc

18、itizensdonotsurftheinternetatall.Inthiscase,radioornewspaperscanbegoodalternatives.Besidesyoushouldconsiderwhetheritisashort-termorlong-termpromotion.Ifthetypeofadvertisementcanprovideyouwithlong-termpromotionofaproductorservicethatcanreachimmenseaudience,itcanstillbecost-effectivebecauseitcanreachv

19、astnumberofpeopleatatimeataconsiderablelowprice.Whatisimportanttorememberaboutyourtargetconsumerwhenplanninganadvertisingcampaign?Whenpanningadvertisingcampaign,thefirstthingtoconsideristheageandfenderofthetargetcustomer.Onlywhenyouknowtheageandgenderofthetargetcustomercanyouknowtheirlikesanddislike

20、s,andthemediatheyoftenhaveaccessto.Itisalsoagoodideatoconsiderthetypicalincomeofthetargetcustomers.Theirtypicalincomecantellyouthetypeofproductsorservicestheymayenjoy.Youradvertisingcampaignwillbefutileifyouareaimingatpeoplewiththewrongincomegroups.Inaddition,don'tforgettomakeaninvestigationinto

21、whattheyreadinordertoselectanappropriatetypeofadvertising.Ifthetargetcustomerdoesn'tlogontheInternetatall,launchingyouradvertisementonlinewillleadtonothing.Similarly,iftargetcustomersdon'thavethehabitofreadingnewspapers,havingyouradvertisementprintedonnewspaperswillsurelybeawasteofmoney.What

22、isimportantwhenarrangingin-housetraining?Thereareanumberofpointstoconsiderwhenarrangingin-housetraining.Thefirstthingisthetrainingneedsofstaff.Asweknow,theobjectoftrainingisthestaff.Onlywhenweknowandmeettheirrequirements,canweimprovetheirknowledgeandskillsneededforhigherqualityperformanceandmoreeffe

23、ctivework.Otherwise,itwillbepurposelessandawasteatime.Thesecondthingtorememberisthequalityandinfluenceofthetrainer.Tomakethetrainingeffective,thetrainerplaysaveryimportantrole.Aqualifiedtrainerwithgreatinfluencecanmakethetrainingmoreprofessional,appealingandconvincing.Sincemoststaffnowadaysarequiteb

24、usy,theywillnotattendatrainingofferedbyanobscure,inexperiencedandnon-professionaltrainer.Inadditiontothat,lengthoftrainingshouldbewell-planned.Itcannotbetoolongortooshort.Alengthytrainingmaybetediousandexhaustive,whiletooshorttrainingmaybefruitless.Whatisimportantwhenselectingapplicantsforajob?Whens

25、electingapplicantsforajob,thefirstthingtoconsideristheirpersonalqualities.Acandidatewithrelevantqualitiescanensurethatheorshehastherequiredabilities,knowledgeortechniquespertinenttothatjob.Andcompaniesdon'thavetopreparefurthertrainingforthemwhentheystartworkthusreducescosts.Secondly,acandidatene

26、edstohavepreviousworkingexperience,sinceapersonwithlotsofacademiccertificatesmaynotknowhowtocopewithrealsituations.However,acandidatewithexperiencewillfindtimucheasiertoadapthimselforherselftotheworkenvironmentandtoplayhisorherrole.Apartfromthese,youalsoneedtoconsiderthecommunicatingabilityofthecand

27、idate.Bycommunicativeskills,wemeanhavingtheabilitytoexpressideasclearly,becooperativeandgetonwellwithotherpeoplewhichwillbeveryimportantforhimorhertoplayagoodpartintheteamwork.whatisimportantwhenplacinganewspaperadvert?1. Attentionagoodadvertisementshouldattracttheconsumertodirecttheirattentiontothe

28、productofit.2. Interesttheintroductionandpublicityofanadvertisementshouldarouseconsumers'greatinterest.3. Desirethepublicityofadvertisingshouldstimulateconsumers'desiretobuytheproduct,andmakethemrealizethatthisproductisjustwhattheywant.4. Actiontheadvertisingmakesconsumertorespondtotheadvert

29、isinginformationandevokethemtotaketheactionofpurchasing.表不上升：climb,goup,ascend,shootup,creepup,surge,boom,accrue,leap,soar,jump,increase,rally,rise,rocket,improve,表示下降：godown,fall,falloff,drop,slump,decline,decrease,plummet,slide,slip,shrink,dip,reduce,descend,sink,subside,ebb,creepdown,到達頂部：topout,

30、peak,reachapeak,reachthehighestpoint,peakat.,觸底：reachalowpoint,reachtherock.bottomout,hitatrough,穩(wěn)定：levelout,evenout,remainstable/still/steady,stayconstant,keepitsstability,remainunchanged.變化急劇地：dramatically,drastically,sharply,hugely,enormously,considerably,significantly,markedly,surprisingly,notic

31、eably,substantially.突然地：abruptly,suddenly平穩(wěn)地：steadily,smoothly,slowly,marginally,gradually,moderately,mildly.波動：fluctuate,witness/display/demonstrateafluctuation,goupsanddowns,increasewithfluctuation（波動式增長）PlanningABirthdayCelebrationTipsBirthdayCelebrations&FavoriteActivitiesPlanningabirthdayce

32、lebration?Somepeoplefocusbirthdaypartyideasaroundfavoriteactivities.Birthdaycelebrationsandbirthdaygiftideasmightcenteraroundgolf,withthegueststreatingtheguestofhonorto18holes.Birthdaycelebrations-evensurprisebirthdayparties-couldcenteraroundanotherfavoritesport-bowling.Agroupoffriendslookingforidea

33、sfor50thbirthdaysurprisepartymightconsidermeetingforadayofthehonoreefavoriteactivity.Activitybasedcelebrationsalsoeliminateanyissuesofwheretohostyourspecialcelebration.BirthdayParty:EarlyGuestsGuestsareexcitedaboutbirthdaycelebrations.Somemayarrivequiteearly,sowhenplanningabirthdaycelebration,makesu

34、reyouaredressedandready30minutesbeforethecelebrationbegins.Evenifitmeansallthesnacksmaynotbeoutandyou'restillponderingbirthdaypartydecorationideas.Earlyarrivalscanevenhelpwithgettingthingsready.ThemeHelpsBirthdayCelebrationsWhenthinkingaboutsurprisebirthdayinvitationsconsiderathemeparty.Thetheme

35、mightcenteraroundtheguestofhonorsfavoritesportoractivity,suchasgolf,bowlingorevenbasketballorfilmviewing.Onceyouchooseatheme,invitations,food,decorationsandbirthdaygiftideascanrevolvearoundit.Themesmakeplanningbirthdaycelebrationseasier.BirthdayGiftIdeas:CharitableDonationSomepeoplehavedifficultycom

36、ingupwithwomen'sbirthdaygiftideas.Birthdayideasaremadeeasierifyouconsideradonationtothebirthdaygirlsfavoritecharity.Sometimesbirthdayinvitationshaveacharitysnamelistedin'lieuofpersonalgifts.Ifitdoes,youcancometothepartydonationcheckinhand.Ifnot,youcanlearnthecharitysnameahdcontactitdirectly.

37、SayHappyBirthdaytoYouwithaMini-QuizLookingforsomesweet16birthdaypartyideas?Creatamini-quizforparty-goerscenteredonthebirthdaygirl.Askquestionslike"Howmanybrothersdoesshehave,wherewassheborn,what'sherfavoritesportorfavoritecolor".Thebestgameideasforateenagebirthdaypartyfocusontheguestof

38、honor,herlikesanddislikes.優(yōu)缺點AlthoughTDCScansolvesoimportantproblemsincommunication,therearealotofworkswehavetodealwith.OnecoinhastwosidesWhatisimportantwhensettingupyourownbusiness?Ithinktherearethreepointsmusttakeinourconsideration,theyareenoughfundsupport,determinationandaprofoundmarketsurvey.The

39、firstmythtoexplodeaboutrunningyourownbusinessisthenotionthattostartanybusinessrequiresalotofmoney.Butmostonlyrequireaverymodestinitialinvestment,andsomerequirevirtuallynomoneyatalltostartthemoff!Secondly,theessenceofrunningyourownbusinesswithsuccessisamatterofgoodplanning.Itisastrategicplanningphilosophywhichworksbest,asseenintheDirectDriveidea.Youplanwhatyou'regoingtodo,workoutwhatkindsofthingsmightgowrong,youarelikelytobea