定語從句講解

1、定語從句 一、定語從句1定語從句三步：第一找出先行詞；第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語、賓語或狀語）；第三選擇合適的關聯(lián)詞。2定語從句在選擇關聯(lián)詞that 與which時，常常容易出錯，所以應記住什么時候只能用that，什么時候只能用which.（1）只能用 that 的情況歸納4種：即先得詞被序數詞最高級修飾過；先行詞為all 、everything、nothing等不定代詞；先行詞同時是人和物并列時；最后先行詞分別被the only 、the very the same、the last 修飾。請看下列四組例句，注意其先行詞：The first thing that w

2、e should do is to work out a plan .I t almost seemed as if the good man were trying to teach us all that he knew at this lesson.Later my father and Mr. Crosset talked for about half a four of things and persons that they remembered in school.This is the very dictionary that I want to find.（2）只用

3、which is 情況有兩種情況：一是非限制性定語從句，關聯(lián)詞要用which；二是做介詞賓語時只能用which。請看下列兩組例句：       I said nothing, which made him more angry.       I have the book about which you are talking.三、在定語從句的非限制性定語中，which 和as 是容易混淆的。在很多情況下兩者兼可互換，但在下列情況中不可互換：   

4、;    1、通常As 可以放在整句的句首，而which，只能在逗號之后，as 本身含有“正如”，as 在定語從句中既可是主語也可做賓語As appear from her paper, she has read widely in Romantic literature.She is remarkable, as I have told you.       2、 which 在做非限制性定語從句關聯(lián)詞時可以無明確先行詞，指前句整個的意思，如：She has married again, which s

5、urprises us.四、在定語從句中，許多人往往分不清all that 和what, what 實際上只引導名詞性從句，它相當于all that兩個字，例如：       All that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place.  = what I  know is that 定語從句 知識要點： 一、限定性定語從句： 種類先行詞關聯(lián)詞例句說明定  

6、 語  從   句（人）在從句中做主語或賓語   物在從句中做主語或賓語   who     which This is the doctor who saved the boys life .這就是救了孩子生命的醫(yī)生。She is the new student whom I want to introduce to you .她就是我要介紹給你的新學生Please pass me the book which i

7、s lying on the table.請遞給我擺在桌上的那本書。The novel which Tom bought is very interesting.湯姆買的小說很有意思。Can you lend me the magazine about which you talked yesterday?你能把昨天談到的那本雜志借給我嗎？who在從句中做主語whom在從句中做賓語，口語中who可以代替whom，也可以被省去，但做介詞賓語時只能用whom  which在從句中做主語。which充當賓語時可以省去。  which做介詞賓語不可省 

8、   種類先行詞關聯(lián)詞例     句說   明   定語從句  人或物的whoseThe professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams那位教授是威廉斯他的女兒教你英語。The professor, the daughter of whom teaches you English is Dr. Williams. The bike whose brake was damaged ha

9、s now been repaired.那輛壞了閘的自行車現在已經修好了。=The bike the brake of which was damaged has now been repaired whose在從句中做定語指某人的也可以用of whom代替whose 指物時也可以用of which 代替 whose    人 或thatThe woman that is playing the piano is Miss Zhang.正在彈鋼琴的那位婦女是張小姐。Id like to see the films that

10、are just on show.我想看那些剛上映的電影。that指人做主語  that指物做主語 種類先行詞關聯(lián)詞例        句說   明  物 all, little much和some, any every ,no 構成的合成代詞 人或物    that       that  They

11、 talked for about an hour of things and  persons that they remember in the school. 他們談起他們所記得起的學校里的人和事，談了大約有半個小時。Ill tell you all(that )I know about it .我要告訴你我所知道這件事的一切情況。Is there anything (that) I can do for you?有什么我可以幫助做的事嗎？Ive brought everything (that )you need.我把你需要的東西都拿來了。  This i

12、s the best film that I have seen .這是我看過的最好的一部電影。The first place that well visit is Beijing Library.我們要參觀的第一個地方是北京圖書館先行詞分別表示人和物，關系代詞要用that，不用who或which先行詞表示物，關系代詞用that不用which, 在從句中做賓語可省去 。如果先行詞是人時，關系代詞不受制約，用that或who (whom)均可  先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數詞修飾時定語從句用that引導。  定 語 從 句

13、60; 人   或  物thatHe is the only person that is believable.他是唯一可靠的人。John is the very person that she wants to see.約翰正是她要見的人。Who is the man that is talking with Tom ?正在和湯姆談話的人是誰？Which of the books that you bought is easy to read?你買的那些書中哪一本容易讀。先行詞被the only, the very, the sa

14、me 等修飾時用關系代詞that.  當主句以who、which開頭的特殊疑問句時，定語從句要用that  時 間whenHe came at a time when we. needed him most.他在我們最需要的時候來了。Well never forget the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.我們永遠不會忘記中華人民共和國成立的那一天。在定語從句中作時間狀語       注：先行詞是time, min

15、ute, moment, next time很少用關系副詞when,可用that 但通常省去。 地點whereThis is the room where he put up for the night.這就是他渡過夜晚的那房子。在定語從句中作地點狀語原因理由whyI know the reason why she studies so well .我知道她學習好的原因。在定語從句中作原因狀語 （2）非限制性定語從句 種類先行詞關聯(lián)詞例     句說   明    

16、 非 限 制 性 定 語 從 句人       物  沒有固定的先行詞而是一個句子 whowhom      which   which    asGeorge ,who is my classmate, has won a scholarship.喬治獲得了獎學金，他是我的同學。Dr.

17、Li , whom I know very well, will come here tomorrow.李大夫明天將來這兒，我跟他很熟悉。I gave him a New Year card ,which he enjoyed very much.我給他一張賀年卡，他很喜歡它。He studies hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life .他年輕時在校學習努力，這導致了他后來生活中的成功。He gets up early ，as is always his habit.他總是早

18、起床，這是他的習慣。John was admitted into the college, as we had expected.約翰被大學錄取了，這是我們期待的。The earth ,as is known to all ,is round.人人皆知，地球是圓的。 who, whom不能省去，也不能用that代替      which指物，不可省去，也不能用that代替  which作主語指它前面的整個句子，不可用that代替，強調結果。   as指全句，在從句中做主語。  as指全句意思，在從句中做賓語。  as引導的定語從句可以放在句首，句中或句末。      This is the same book as I lost yesterday.這本書與我昨天丟失的那本書一樣。用于the same as, such as ,asas等結構中。 （3）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別