常用化學(xué)中英文名詞對(duì)照表

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載常見元素Al鋁aluminumAg銀silverAr氬argonAu金goldB硼boronBa鋇bariumBe鈹berylliumBr溴bromineC碳carbonCa鈣calciumCl氯chlorineCo鈷cobaltCr鉻chromiumCu銅copperF氟fluorineFe鐵ironGa鎵galliumGe鍺germaniumH氫hudrogenHe氦heliumHg汞mercuryI碘iodineK鉀potassiumKr氪kryptonLi鋰lithiumMg鎂magnesiumMn錳manganeseN氮nitrogenNa鈉sodiumO氧oxyge

2、nP磷phosphorusPt鉑platinumRa鐳radiumRn氡radonS硫sulfurSc鈧scandiumSe硒seleniumSi硅siliconSn錫tinSr鍶strontiumTi鈦titaniumU鈾uraniumV釩vanadiumW鎢tungstenXe氙xennonZn鋅zinc基本概念、基本理論還原劑reducing agent氧化劑oxidizing agent電解質(zhì)electrolyte離子反 應(yīng)ionic reaction強(qiáng)電解 質(zhì)strong electrolyte弱電解 質(zhì)weak electrolyte離子方程式ionic equation放熱反 應(yīng)

3、exothermic reaction焰色反 應(yīng)flame test物質(zhì)的 量amount of substance摩爾mole相對(duì)分 子質(zhì)量relative molecular mass相對(duì)原 子質(zhì)量relative atomic mass摩爾質(zhì) 量molar mass氣體摩 爾體積molar volume of gas物質(zhì)的amount-of-substance concentration量濃度of B可逆反 應(yīng)reversible reaction核電荷 數(shù)nuclear charge numberelectron cloud電子云原子序 數(shù)atomic number兩性氫 氧化物amp

4、hoteric hydroxide兩性氧化物amphoteric oxide元素周期律periodic law of elements元素周期表periodic table of elements周期period族group （主族： main group ）核素nuclide同位素isotope離子鍵ionic bond共價(jià)鍵covalent bond化學(xué)鍵chemical bond非極性分子non-polar molecule非極性 鍵non-polar bond極性分 子polar molecule極性鍵polar bond同素異形體allotrope化學(xué)反 應(yīng)速率chemical re

5、action rate化學(xué)平 衡chemical equilibrium勒夏特列原理Le Chateliers principle電離平 衡ionization equilibrium鹽類的水解hydrolysis of salts酸堿中和滴定acid-base neutralization titration指示劑Indicator超導(dǎo)材 料superconductive material原電池primary battery化學(xué)電 源chemical power source干電池dry cell鋰電池lithium cell鉛蓄電 池lead storage battery燃料電 池fue

6、l cell電化學(xué)electrochemical腐蝕corrosion元素化合物硫酸鈉sodium sulphide堿金屬alkali metal碳酸鈉sodium carbonate碳酸氫鈉sodium bicarbonate二氧化錳manganese dioxide氯化鉀potassium chloride氯化氫hydrogen chloride氯水chlorine water硝酸銀silver nitrate次氯酸鉀potassium hypochlorite氫氟酸hydrogen chloride淀粉碘化starch potassium iodide鉀試紙paper碘化鉀potassi

7、um iodide四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride溴化鈉sodium bromide氯化鋁aluminium chloride氫氧化鋁aluminium hydroxide氧化鋁aluminium oxide臭氧ozone過(guò)氧化氫hydrogen peroxide二氧化硫sulphur dioxide氯化鋇barium chloride品紅magenta 或 fuchsine硝酸鋇barium nitrate二氧化硅silicon dioxide碘化鈉sodium iodide溴水bromine water氯化鎂magnesium chloride氮族元素nitrogen gr

8、oup element二氧化氮nitrogen dioxide氨ammonia銨鹽ammonium salt氯化銨ammonium chloride碳酸氫銨ammonium bicarbonate堿石灰soda lime硫氰化鉀potassium thiocyanate醋酸鈉sodium acetate氯化鐵iron (III) chloride氧化鐵iron (III) oxide有機(jī)化學(xué)烴hydrocarbon有機(jī)化合物organic compound甲烷methane結(jié)構(gòu)式structural formula取代反應(yīng)substitution reaction飽和鏈烴saturated a

9、liphatichydrocarbon同系物homo1og烷烴alkane同分異構(gòu)體isomer烴基hydrocarbonyl不飽和烴unsaturated hydrocarbon乙烯ethene加成反應(yīng)addition reaction溴的四氯化碳solution of bromine in溶液carbon tetrachloride溴水bromine water高分子化合物polymer加聚反應(yīng)addition polymerization聚合反應(yīng)po1ymerization烯烴alkene乙炔ethyne炔烴alkyne苯benzene芳香烴arene磺化反應(yīng)sulfonation re

10、action硝化反應(yīng)nitratlon reaction石油Petroleum分餾fractional distillation裂化cracking裂解pyrolysis煤coal干餾dry distillation烴的衍生物derivative of hydrocarbon官能團(tuán)functional group乙醇ethanol醇alcohol消去反應(yīng)elimination reaction酚phenol甘油glycerol乙醛ethana1銀鏡反應(yīng)silver mirror reaction醛aldehyde乙酸ethanoic acid水解反應(yīng)hydrolysis reaction乙酸乙酯ethyl acetate酯ester酯化反應(yīng)esterification羧酸carboxylic acid葡萄糖glucose糖類carbohydrate蔗糖sucrose麥芽糖maltose淀粉starch纖維素cellulose油脂oils and fats硬脂酸stearic acid肥皂soap皂化反應(yīng)saponification洗滌劑detergent蛋白質(zhì)protein氨基酸amino acid鹽析salting-out變性denaturation酶enzyme合成材料synthetic material塑料plastic塑料的