外研版必修三Module 1Grammar 1

1、外研版外研版高一高一 (3)Module 1Passive voice山東山東 翟紀(jì)友翟紀(jì)友一一. 何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 1. 不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒(méi)有不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí) Paper is made from wood. He was wounded in the fight. 2. 需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí) Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. He was awarded first prize in that c

2、ontest. 3. 為了使語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn)，避免提及自己或?qū)Ψ蕉鵀榱耸拐Z(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn)，避免提及自己或?qū)Ψ蕉褂帽粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，或由于修飾的需要，使使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，或由于修飾的需要，使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，使句子得以更好的安排。用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，使句子得以更好的安排。 The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. Electricity is used to run machines. 二二. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 1. be+done可以是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可以可以是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可以是系表結(jié)構(gòu)形式，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，是系表結(jié)構(gòu)形

3、式，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，done可以帶可以帶by短語(yǔ)，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)短語(yǔ)，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中中done相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于adj不帶不帶by短語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)。 The question is settled. (系表結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu)) Such questions are settled by us. (被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) The composition is well written. (系表結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu)) The composition is written with great care. (被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) 2. 許多許多verbs (broken, interested, shut, worried), 既可以用做既

4、可以用做adj，也可以也可以在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中做過(guò)去分詞，句在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中做過(guò)去分詞，句中如果有中如果有by，通常是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。，通常是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 I was worried about you all night. (表狀態(tài)表狀態(tài)) I was worried by mosquitoes all night. (表動(dòng)作表動(dòng)作) The glass was broken by Jack. (表動(dòng)作表動(dòng)作) The glass is broken. (表狀態(tài)表狀態(tài))三三. 不同形式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不同形式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 1. 含有直賓和間賓的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，變?yōu)楹兄辟e和間賓的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)可將其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)

5、變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)被動(dòng)時(shí)可將其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)另一個(gè)不動(dòng)一般是主語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的間接另一個(gè)不動(dòng)一般是主語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)的主語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)的主語(yǔ)。He showed me his pictures.I was shown his pictures by him. His pictures were shown to me by him. Aunt made me a new dress. I was made a new dress by aunt.A new dress was made for me by aunt.2. 含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句，賓補(bǔ)不變。含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句，賓補(bǔ)不變。 (1) 將

6、賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，賓補(bǔ)不變。將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，賓補(bǔ)不變。 They call her XiaoLi. She is called XiaoLi.(2) make, let, have, hear, watch, see, feel, notice. 使役使役動(dòng)詞后做賓補(bǔ)的不動(dòng)詞后做賓補(bǔ)的不 定式一般不加定式一般不加to, 變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng), 必須加必須加to。 (1) My brother often made me do this and that when I was young. (2) I heard her move about in her room upstairs last nigh

7、t. She was heard to move about in her room uptairs last night.I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I young.(3) Did you see Jack take away the magazine? Was Jack seen to take away the magazine? 3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 是由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+p.p.構(gòu)成構(gòu)成They can not find him. He can not be found

8、.You must pay me for this. I must be paid for this. 4. 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 一般來(lái)講一般來(lái)講, 只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因?yàn)橹挥屑拔飫?dòng)詞才能有動(dòng)作態(tài)，因?yàn)橹挥屑拔飫?dòng)詞才能有動(dòng)作的承受者的承受者; 但有許多由不及物動(dòng)詞但有許多由不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞及其他詞類(lèi)構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，介詞及其他詞類(lèi)構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以有賓語(yǔ)。相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以有賓語(yǔ)。因而可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但應(yīng)注意短語(yǔ)因而可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但應(yīng)注意短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)不可分割的整體動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)不可分割的整體變被動(dòng)時(shí)，變被動(dòng)時(shí)， 不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)

9、的介詞或副詞。這不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)的介詞或副詞。這樣的短語(yǔ)有：樣的短語(yǔ)有： look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to, make use ofThey had put out the fire before the fire brigade arrived.The fire had been put out before the fire-brigade arrived. 5. 有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義The goods sells well. T

10、he door cant open. 6. 有些詞如有些詞如want, need, require和和 be worth后面加后面加v-ing形式為主動(dòng)形式為主動(dòng), 意義為被動(dòng)。意義為被動(dòng)。The room needs/wants/requires cleaning. The book is worth reading. 7. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)是從句，變成被主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)是從句，變成被動(dòng)時(shí)使用形式替代詞動(dòng)時(shí)使用形式替代詞it. We know that Britain is an island country. Its known that Britain is an island coun

11、try.8. 賓語(yǔ)為反身代詞賓語(yǔ)為反身代詞, 相互代詞及虛詞相互代詞及虛詞it時(shí)，時(shí)， 不用被動(dòng)，只用主動(dòng)。不用被動(dòng)，只用主動(dòng)。 I will do it myself. The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang. 9. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是以下時(shí)，無(wú)被動(dòng)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是以下時(shí)，無(wú)被動(dòng)。happen, belong to, suit, fit (適合適合), have, let, join, fall, last, cost (花費(fèi)花費(fèi)) break out (爆發(fā)爆發(fā)), appear, burst out(迸發(fā)迸發(fā)), hold(容容納納), lack(缺乏缺乏),

12、agree with(同意同意). 10. 據(jù)說(shuō)類(lèi)動(dòng)詞：據(jù)說(shuō)類(lèi)動(dòng)詞： say, consider, think, report, know, believe, suggest, understand, hope, etc.如：如：It is said that There is said to be Sth./Sb. is said to 11. 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng) 感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞: sound, taste, smell, fell, look, seem等主語(yǔ)是物時(shí)等主語(yǔ)是物時(shí); 一些一些vi主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義open, close, shut, read,

13、write, translate, wash, clean, lock, sell, wear, cut, cook, eat, weigh, drink, pay, draw, etc. 不定式不定式to blame, to let (出租出租)作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。時(shí)，主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。 You are to blame. The house is to let. 表某物需要的表某物需要的need, want, require等后等后的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義The house needs /wants/require repairing be

14、 worth后的動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)后的動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義含義 The book is worth reading.Make these sentences passive.1. About a million tourists visit Florence each year. Florence is visited by about a million tourists each year. 2. Ten million people visited London last year. London was visited by ten million people last yea

15、r. 3. Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa. The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci. Example: - The Sagrada Fimilia was designed by an English architect (Spanish)- No, it wasnt. It was designed by a Spanish architect. 1. The Louvre Art Gallery is located in Athen. (Paris) No, it isnt. Its located in Paris. 2. Paris is situated on the coast. (River Seine) No, it isnt. It is situated on the River Seine. 3. Florence is visited by eight million tourists every year. (one million) No, it isnt. It is visited by one million tourists every year. 4. Barcelona is