人教版英語選修七第一單元語法51832

1、M7U1 Living wellM7U1 Living wellGrammarGrammar動詞不定式動詞不定式(Infinitive) 由由 “ to + do ”to + do ” 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成, 否定形式否定形式_ 主語主語(Subject)、表語表語(Predicative) 、 賓語賓語(Object)、賓補賓補(Object Complement) 、 定語定語(Attribute)、狀語狀語(Adverbial) 、 做獨立成分做獨立成分(Independent component) 與疑問詞等連用與疑問詞等連用P.S: 不定式不定式可有自己的可有自己的邏輯主語邏輯主語,即即for

2、sb. to do sth. 動詞不定式不能作動詞不定式不能作_謂語謂語not/never to donot/never to do1. 1. 不定式作主語不定式作主語 (subject)(subject) To finish this report took him a week. 眼見為實。眼見為實。 To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. Its impossible _ humans to fly like a bird now. Its polite _ you to greet everyone. P.S: 單個不定式作主語時，謂語

3、動詞用單個不定式作主語時，謂語動詞用_。 不定式作主、賓、表通常表示具體的、一次性的、不定式作主、賓、表通常表示具體的、一次性的、特定的行為。特定的行為。 若不定式太長，多用若不定式太長，多用it作作_,不定式置后。不定式置后。forof單數(shù)單數(shù)形式主語形式主語2. 2. 不定式作表語不定式作表語 (Predicative)(Predicative) What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.P.S:主語為不定式，表語也需為主語為不定式，表語也需為_.

4、我的工作是要幫助病人。我的工作是要幫助病人。 My job is to help the patients. The only thing to do now is (to) go on. What Ill do is (to) tell her the truth. All he did just now was (to) complete the form. P.S:當主語含有當主語含有_，作表語的不定式可省，作表語的不定式可省略略_.不定式不定式do 的某種形式的某種形式to3. 3. 不定式作賓語不定式作賓語 (Object)(Object) I decided to ask fort

5、o ask for my money back. 我覺得他不可能在這么短的時間內(nèi)完成任務(wù)。我覺得他不可能在這么短的時間內(nèi)完成任務(wù)。 I feel it it impossible for him to finish the to finish the job in such a short timejob in such a short time. It 作作_： think/consider/find/feel/believe/suppose/ think/consider/find/feel/believe/suppose/ make + make + it it + adj./ n.+

6、+ adj./ n.+ to doto do sth. sth. 形式賓語形式賓語4. 4. 不定式作賓補不定式作賓補 (Object Complement)(Object Complement)1) 帶帶to的不定式作賓補的不定式作賓補動詞動詞: allow, order, force, permit, tell, want, wish, forbid, advise, persuade, warn等后皆以帶等后皆以帶to的不的不定式作賓補。定式作賓補。2)他做了一個鬼臉他做了一個鬼臉, 逗得大家都笑了。逗得大家都笑了。 He made a face and made us laugh. 作

7、賓補的不定式作賓補的不定式不帶不帶toto: 使役動詞使役動詞make, have, let; 感官動詞感官動詞see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, notice等等被動態(tài)被動態(tài)He made a face and we _.were made to laughP.S. 若上述結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)若上述結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài), toto要還原要還原。 1. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.2. Mother ma

8、de John wash the car for a week. John was made to wash the car for a week.5. 5. 不定式作定語不定式作定語 (Attribute)(Attribute) Could you lend me a pen _(write)? He is looking for a room _(live). Please pass me some paper _ (write). P.SP.S：若不定式是若不定式是vi., 不定式后介詞不可省。不定式后介詞不可省。 He had place _ (live).P.SP.S：不定式所修飾的

9、名詞若是不定式所修飾的名詞若是time, place或或way，其的介詞習慣上省去。，其的介詞習慣上省去。 to write withto live into write onto liveto live5. 5. 不定式作定語不定式作定語 (Attribute)(Attribute) 她總是第一個到最后一個離開。她總是第一個到最后一個離開。 She is always the first to come and the last to leave.P.SP.S：當名詞被當名詞被the first ,the last, the only等等序數(shù)詞以及形容詞最高級修飾時，通常用不定序數(shù)詞以及形容

10、詞最高級修飾時，通常用不定式作定語。式作定語。 The meeting _ (hold) tomorrow is important. P.SP.S：不定式作定語表示不定式作定語表示的動作。的動作。to be heldsomething, anything, nothing, everything 等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語。等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語。 Do you have anything Do you have anything _(_(send)send) ? ? I have nothing I have nothing _(_(say)say) . .to sen

11、dto say不定式作定語不定式作定語與所修飾的詞之間有與所修飾的詞之間有三種關(guān)系：三種關(guān)系：(1) _ 關(guān)系關(guān)系I have a lot of work to do.(2) _ 關(guān)系關(guān)系He is always the first to come.(3) _ 關(guān)系關(guān)系We all have a chance to go to college.動賓動賓主謂主謂同位同位6. 6. 不定式作狀語不定式作狀語 (Adverbial)(Adverbial) 1) 目的目的狀語狀語 (to do, in order to, so as to doto do, in order to, so as to

12、do)I stayed there what would happen. He spoke loudly be heard. 2) 結(jié)果結(jié)果狀語狀語 (tooto do, so/ such as to dotooto do, so/ such as to do)He lay in the bed only _ his feet exposed. He got there only _ (find) the train gone. 3) 原因原因狀語狀語 (be + adj. + to dobe + adj. + to do )sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eag

13、er, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel We were very excited the news.I have to say goodbye now. Im happy you. to findto findto findto find辨析辨析 doing/ to do 作結(jié)果狀語作結(jié)果狀語I went to see my aunt only to find her out.I went to see my aunt, finding her out. He donated a lot of money _ (en

14、able) the orphans to go to school. He donated a lot of money, _ (enable) the orphans to go to school. to enableenabling_ (老實說老實說), I am not happy at the moment. to be frank to be frank to be honestto be honest to tell the to tell the truthtruth to be short to be shortto begin with to begin with to b

15、e exact to be exact to make a long story short to make a long story short7. 7. 不定式作獨立結(jié)構(gòu)不定式作獨立結(jié)構(gòu) (Absolute construction)(Absolute construction)To be honest動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)形形 式式主主 動動被被 動動一般式一般式進行式進行式完成式完成式完成進完成進行式行式to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be doneto have beendone(1) They

16、pretended not to see us.(2) He pretended to be sleeping. (3) She pretended to have known it before.(在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時,不定式的動作也正在進行。不定式的動作也正在進行。)(完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。)(4) Were happy to have been working with you.(完成進行式表示謂語動作發(fā)生之前完成進行式表示謂語動作發(fā)生之前,不定式的動作一直在進行而且可能之后也繼續(xù)。不定式的動作一直在進行而且可能之后也繼續(xù)

17、。) It is an honor for me _ (invite) to attend the meeting. He wants the house _ (repair) at once. to be invitedto be repaired1) Do you have anything else _ (say)?2) Boss, do you have anything _ (type)?3) With much homework _ (do), I cant go to play football with you.4) The question is very difficult

18、 _(answer).5) The problem is easy _(deal with). 主語主語be +adj. +to do : difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome, interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important. 6) The river water is warm enough to swim in.7) The ice is too thin to skate on. too to do, enough to do 注意：一、不定式的

19、主動形式表示被動意義注意：一、不定式的主動形式表示被動意義to sayto be typedto doto answerto deal with1. 如果主語部分有如果主語部分有do, 用作表語的不定式可省略用作表語的不定式可省略to。 你要做的就是快點完成任務(wù)。你要做的就是快點完成任務(wù)。 All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.2. 感官動詞、使役動詞后作賓補時感官動詞、使役動詞后作賓補時, 省去省去to；但在被動語態(tài)中但在被動語態(tài)中to還原。還原。 他們看到男孩從樹上跌了下來。他們看到男孩從樹上跌了下來。 They saw the

20、 boy fall from the tree. = The boy was seen to fall from the tree.注意：二、不定式注意：二、不定式toto的省略的省略3. cant but/ cant choose but / cant help but / cant do but + do She could do nothing but _ (cry). We can not choose but _(leave)at once. I have no choice but _ (go). We can not help but _(think) so. 注意：二、不定式注

21、意：二、不定式toto的省略的省略crycryto goto gothinkthink 4. 不定式中的動詞上文已出現(xiàn)過不定式中的動詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,下文要省略該動詞下文要省略該動詞.- Would you like to go with me? - Id like _.toto 不定式是不定式是to be 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu), be 不可省不可省.- Would you like to be a teacher?- Id like _.to beto beleaveleave不定式與疑問詞不定式與疑問詞who, which, when, how, who, which, when, how, whatw

22、hat等連用，可充當主語、表語等連用，可充當主語、表語、賓語等。、賓語等。 He didnt know what to say. . How to solve the problem is very important. . My question is when to start. .注意：三、不定式與疑問詞連用注意：三、不定式與疑問詞連用賓語賓語主語主語表語表語 為什么不休息下呢？為什么不休息下呢？ Why not have a rest? P.S: 在與在與why連用時，只用于連用時，只用于why或或why not開頭開頭的簡短疑問句中，后跟的簡短疑問句中，后跟不帶不帶to的動詞不定式。

23、的動詞不定式。 stop to do sth. 停下來去做某事停下來去做某事 doing sth. 停止做某事停止做某事forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事忘記去做某事 doing sth. 忘記已做了某事忘記已做了某事remember to do sth. 記得去做某事記得去做某事 doing sth. 記得曾經(jīng)做某事記得曾經(jīng)做某事注意：四、幾對易混淆的詞組注意：四、幾對易混淆的詞組1. Last summer I took a course on _. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made

24、 dresses D. how dresses to be made課堂練兵課堂練兵2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects3. There are five pairs_, but I am at a loss which to buy. A to be chosen B to choose from C to choose D for choosing4. I find these pro

25、blems are easy _. A. to be worked out B. to work them out C. to work out D. to be worked them out5. _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept6. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B.

26、 having gone C. going D. to have gone7. John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing8. Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to9. The patient was warned _ oily food after th

27、e operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating1. _ this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour. (2006 廣東卷廣東卷) A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making2. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) _ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. (200

28、7 重慶卷重慶卷) A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought C. had said to buy D. has said to have bought3. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. (2008 全國卷全國卷) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed4. Did the book give the information you neede

29、d? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. (2008 北京卷北京卷) A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding5. David threatened _ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. (2009 上海卷上海卷) A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported6. With the world changing fast, we hav

30、e something new _ with all by ourselves every day. (2009 重慶卷重慶卷) A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing7. The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom. (2009 全國卷全國卷I) A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at8. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad. (2010 全國全國I卷卷) A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought9. There were many talented actors out