人教版高中英語必修五Unit2TheUnitedKingdom-語法篇(教師版)

1、Unit2 The United Kingdom -語法篇1. 學(xué)會過去分詞作賓補的用法；2. 理解作賓語補足語的過去分詞與賓語之間的關(guān)系3. 能夠使用過去分詞做賓補的情況作對相關(guān)題目，靈活使用。過去分詞作賓補作賓語補足語的過去分詞與賓語之間的關(guān)系1. 及物動詞(短語)的過去分詞用作賓語補足語時，賓語即是過去分詞的邏輯賓語，賓語和過去分詞之間存在邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。例如： I want the letter posted. 我想把這封信寄出去。2. 少數(shù)不及物動詞如 go， change， fall 等的過去分詞作賓語補足語時，僅表示動作完成。因此，賓語與過去分詞之間不存在邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。例如

2、： She found her necklace gone on her way home. 在回家的路上，她發(fā)現(xiàn)項鏈不見了。3. 動詞seat，hide ，dress， lose，devote 等的過去分詞作賓語補足語一般表示狀語而不表示被動的意義，因此，雖然賓語與它們存在邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，但也只能用它們的過去分詞作賓語補足語。例如： When I came in ， I found a strange girl seated in the corner. 我進來時，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個陌生的女孩坐在角落里。需用過去分詞作賓語補足語的情況:1 .使役動詞 get ， have ， make， keep，

3、 leave 等后，可用過去分詞做賓語補足語，表： “致使某人或某事被”We should keep them informed of what is going on here.Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentist s.2 .感官動詞 feel， find ， hear， notice ， see， watch 等表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞之后，表： “感 受到某人或某事被做” 。I was sleeping when I heard my name called.He was disappointed to find his sug

4、gestions turned down.I saw him beaten by his mother.3 . 表示 “意欲；命令”的動詞如： like ， order，want， wish ，相當(dāng)于過去分詞短語前省略了 to be，表示 “希望 /要求某人或某事被做”I wish these letters (to be) typed as soon as possibleHe didn t want such question discussed at the meeting.The father wants his daughter taught the piano.1 感 feel 1

5、 聞 smell 1 發(fā)現(xiàn) find2 聽 hear，listen to ，3 情感want ，wish ，like4 使役keep，leave，get，have，make5 看 watch， notice ， see，look at ， observe， catch +sth./sb. done6 .有時過去分詞作賓補可以變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，這時過去分詞改作主語補足語，說明主語所處的狀態(tài)。The door was found broken.5. “with+賓語+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞用作介詞with的賓語補足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。例如：The murderer

6、 was brought in ， with his hands tied behind his back.兇手被帶進來了，他的雙手被綁在背后。 （表方式）With water heated ， we can see the steam. 水一被加熱，我們就會看到水蒸氣。 （表條件）With the matter settled ， we all went home. 事情得到解決，我們都回家了。 （表原因）注意：在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)賓語為某一身體部位，且作賓補的動詞是及物動詞時，身體部位通常是過去分詞的邏輯賓語，因而過去分詞不可換用現(xiàn)在分詞。She stood in front of him ，

7、 with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前，眼睛注視著他（fix one ' s eyesyS定短語，因此，不可將句中fixed換為fixing ）He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然舉著手站了一會兒。用某些不及物動詞的分詞形式作身體部位的賓補時，用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式。She felt her heart beating fast. 她覺得心跳很快。 （ beat 意為 “心跳 ” ，是不及物動詞）掌握 “使役動詞 have + 賓語過去分詞” 的幾種含義在“ have+賓語+過去

8、分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞作賓語補足語，have也可用get.這一結(jié)構(gòu)具有以下幾種含義：1. 意為 “主語請別人做某事” 。例如：He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow. 他明天想去檢查眼睛。 （ “檢查 ” 的動作由醫(yī)生來進行）2. 意為 “主語遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不測的事情” 。例如：Be careful ， or you'll have your hands hurt. 當(dāng)心，否則會弄傷手的。3. 意為 “使完成某事” ，事情既可以是別人做完，也可以由主語參與完成。例如：He had the walls painted this mo

9、rning. 他今早把墻漆了。 （主語自己可能參與）4. 過去分詞與不定式， 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的區(qū)別 :三者與賓語邏輯上都是主謂關(guān)系， 但過去分詞強調(diào)他們之間的被動關(guān)系， 不定式強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的全過程， 現(xiàn)在分詞強調(diào)他們之間的主動關(guān)系， 正在進行。I saw her taken out of the classroom.I saw her come into the classroom.I saw her coming into the classroom.省略 to 的情況：1 ） 情態(tài)動詞 （ 除 ought 外， ought to） ；第3頁/共10頁2 )使役動詞let，have，make

10、 ；3 )感官動詞see，watch ，look at ，notice ， observe，hear，listen to ， smell， feel ， find 等后作賓補，省略to。注意：在被動語態(tài)中則 to 不能省掉。I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.1. Li Hua hopes that his English teacher will suggest a good way to h

11、ave his English in a shortperiod of time.A. improvedB. improvingC. to improveD. improve解析：句意為：李華希望他的英語老師提出一個好方法，能使他的英語可以在短時間內(nèi)得以提高。本題考查have sth.done這一短語的使用。因English與動詞improve之間是被動關(guān)系，故選A項。B、D 項表主動關(guān)系，故排除。答案： A2. When the minister came to the snow-stricken area ， he was happy to see the disaster victims

12、well.A. take care ofB. took care of C. taken care ofD. taking care of解析：考查非謂語動詞。從句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和語意可以看出 victims 與 take care of 存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，因此使用被動形式，在句中充當(dāng)賓語補足語。答案： C3. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.A. amusedB. amusingC. to amuseD. to be amused解析：句意為： Lucy 很有幽默感

13、，總是講故事讓她的同事消遣?？疾榉侵^語動詞作賓補。首先排除C、 D ， 因為 keep 后不用不定式作賓補。 amused 覺得好笑的； amusing 逗人笑的， 令人覺得好笑的。答案： A4. The girl glanced over her shoulder and found herself by a young man in black.A. was followedB. followedC. followingD. had been followed解析：考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)語意可知， follow 和 herself 之間是動賓關(guān)系，因此用動詞的過去分詞形式作賓語補足語。注意：

14、 found 后不是句子， A 、 D 兩項可直接排除。答案： B5. Television has so many advantages. It keeps us about the news， and it also providesentertainment in the home.A. informed ； latest B. to know ； later C. learning ； later D. to think ； latest解析：本題考查keep sb.done 的結(jié)構(gòu)以及形容詞的最高級的用法。句意為 “電視有如此多的好處，它使我們知道最新的消息，而且給我們在家里提供娛樂

15、 ” 。根據(jù)句意可知第一個空白處應(yīng)用 informed作us的賓語補足語，表示我們被告知"，而the latest news則表示 最新消息”。答案： A一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. The teacher will have Nancy (clean) the classroom today.2. When I came here ， I saw him (read) an English book.3. The woman wanted her husband (examine) at once.4. I want him (finish) the homework in ti

16、me.5. Three famous parks in and around London had over 1 ， 400 trees (blow) over.6. What he had said made me (surprise).7. The murderer was brought in ， with his hands (tie) behind his back.8. I was wondering why they kept the door (lock) for such a long time.答案： 1.clean 2.reading 3.examined 4.to fi

17、nish 5. blown 6.surprised 7.tied 8.locked二、完成句子1. 學(xué)生們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的老師們很忙。(形容詞作賓語補足語)The students .2. 我非常抱歉讓你等了這么長時間。(現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語)I m sorry to so long.3. 請別拘束。(介詞短語作賓語補足語)Please yourself .4. 當(dāng)他回到教室的時候，他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的課桌被挪動了。(過去分詞作賓語補足語)When he went back to the classroom ， .5. 周圍種了許多漂亮的花，他的房子看上去就像一個花園。(過去分詞作賓語補足語)around t

18、he building ， his house looks like a garden. 答案 :1 .found their teachers very busy2 .keep you waiting3 .make ； at home4 .he found his desk moved5 . With many beautiful flowers planted鞏固提高一、單項填空1. The living room is clean and tidy ， with a dining table already for a meal to be cooked.A. laidB. laying

19、C. to layD. being laid2. Alexander tried to get his work in the medical circles.A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognizeD. recognized3. Helen had to shout above the sound of the music .A. making herself hearB. to make herself hearC. making herself heardD. to make herself heard第 5頁 /共 10頁4. Having

20、 passed all the tests ， she felt a great weight off her mind.A. takingB. takenC. takeD. to be taken5. We are pleased to see the problem so quickly.A. settledB.having beensettledC. be settledD.settling6. The girl glanced over her shoulder and found herself by a young man in black.A. was followedB.fol

21、lowedC. followingD.had beenfollowed7. Mother was upset that her son went out to play games ， leaving his homework A. doneB. doingC. undoneD. do8. I don t want the children out in such weather.A. takeB. to takeC. takenD. taking9. They kept their eyes upon the screen as an exciting football match was

22、televised live.A. fixingB. to be fixedC. to fixD. fixed10. When his wife returned ， the husband noticed her hair short.A. cuttingB. to be cut11. With all the money A. stealedB. stolenC. being cut D. cut the man can t afford a ticket.C. stealingD. be stolen12. Before he came to London ， he had never

23、heard a single English word A. speakingB. speakC. spokenD. to speak13. To their great fear ， they found in the heaviest snowfall they had ever had.A. they were catchingB. themselves caughtC. they had caughtD. themselves catching14. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had

24、had went wrongagain.A. itB. it repairedC. repaired D. to be repaired15. I have had my bike ， and I m going to have somebody my radio tomorrow.A. repair ；to repairB. repairing ； to be repairedC. repaired ； repairD. to repair ；repairing答案：1 .A 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. D 11. B 12. C

25、13. B 14. C 15. C 一、單項填空1. （2019. 南平畢業(yè)班質(zhì)檢）We are all convinced that time ， effectively ， is money in the bank.A. to useB. usedC. usingD. use2. Though he didn t go to c，olleghe won two gold medals four silver medals.A. thanB. plusC. byD. beyond3. What the doctors most was that they could not find the

26、 cause of the strange disease.A. enjoyedB. puzzledC. chargedD. promised第5頁/共10頁第9頁/共10頁4. I heard from my mother just now and I was anxious the letter to read it.A. foldingB. unfoldingC. to unfoldD. to fold5. What he said a great effect upon us.A. haveB. does haveC. havingD. to have6. John was so sl

27、eepy that he could hardly keep his eyes .A. openB. to be openedC. to openD. opening7. I m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have . So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.A. broken up B. finished up C. divided up D. closed up8. （2019 金華十校聯(lián)考 ）not to drive after drinking , some

28、 drivers are still trying their luck ,which is really dangerous.A. Being reminded B. To remindC. Having reminded D. Reminded9. John plays basketball， if not better than ， David.A. as wellB. as well as C. so wellD. so well as10. by the beauty of nature ， the girl from London decided to spend another

29、two days on the farm.C. To be attracted D. Having attractedA. Attracting B. Attracted11. He accepted the suggestion that the taskthe next day.A. be finishedB. could be finishedC. would be finishedD. will be finished12. No one likes to see his feelings， so Gabriel Oak turned away.A. laugh atB. to be

30、laughed atC. laughing atD. laughed at13. the right kind of training ， these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.A. GivingB. Having givenC. To giveD. Given14. We all know that ， the situation will get worse.A. not if dealt carefully withB. if not carefully dealt withC. if

31、 dealt not carefully withD. not if carefully dealt with15. （2019. 長沙市南雅中學(xué)模擬 ）that he might lose his job ， Peter always works extra hours toplease his boss.A. WorryingB. Having worried C. Having been worried D. Worried16. We have got well prepared for the 2019 Olympic Games. I m sure that everyone fr

32、om the world willhave a（an）travel in Beijing.A. enjoyfulB. pleasedC. enjoyableD. pleasing17. （2019. 皖南八校第三次聯(lián)考 ）It is necessary that we keep the young generationof thecurrent affairs.A. informed B. being informed C. informingD. to inform18. Be careful not toany letter when you spell the word.A. leave

33、 offB. leave outC. pick outD. take off19. We will try our best to save them out if there seemsany sign of life in the fallen buildings.A. to haveB. to beC. have come D. coming20. (2019 東北四市模擬 )The teacher was a bit surprised since she seldom saw articles in redink.A. writeB. writingC. writtenD. to b

34、e written答案： 1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. B 11. A 12. D 13. D 14. B 15. D 16. C 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. C二、完成句子1. 面對這樣困難的形勢，我們不知道該做什么。 ， we don t know what to do.2. 山頂上有一棵古松。an old pin tree on the top of the hill.3. 幾分鐘前他離開家前往車站。a few minutes ago.4. 簡的父親為她買了一輛新跑車，她為此感到自豪。Jane s fat

35、her bought her a new race car and .5. 我沿著大街走時，聽到有人喊我的名字。 ， I my name .答案：1. Faced with such a difficult situation2. There stands3. He left home for station4. she felt proud of it5. While walking along the street ； heard； called一、閱讀理解ANew York City consists of five boroughs ： Manhattan ， Brooklyn ， Q

36、ueens， the Bronx and Staten Island. The population is about 7.5 million living in Manhattan.Manhattan ， the center of the city ， is on an island between the Hudson River and the East River.Most of the famous buildings such as the Empire State and the United Nations and other skyscrapers are in Manha

37、ttan. Some of its districts are Broadway ， which has many theaters and cinemas； the Fifth Avenue ， with stores and apartments； Greenwich Village ， where many artists and writers have lived ； and Central Park ， with a small zoo and a skating rink.From Manhattan you have to cross to the other boroughs

38、 through a tunnel or over a bridge. The bridge from Brooklyn to Staten Island is the longest in the world.New York is the second largest port in the world and it has two airports ： Kennedy International for international flights and La Guaridia for flights inside the USA. Its temperature goes from v

39、ery cold in winter (sometimes twenty degrees centigrade below zero) to very hot in summer (sometimes 40 degrees centigrade). The people who live there come from all over the world and speak many different languages ； there are 324 Germans and 390， 000 Poles as well as people from Greece ， Scotland ，

40、 Ireland ， Hungary ， Italy and Romania. People call one district“ Little Italy ” and another “ Chinatown1. What do we know about Manhattan?A. Manhattan is in the east of the city of New York.B. There are lots of high-rises in Manhattan.C. Manhattan is not a place for artists to live in.D. Manhattan

41、is connected to the other parts of New York by way of highways.2. If you want to see wonderful plays ， you should go to.A. the Fifth AvenueB. Central ParkC. BroadwayD. the Empire State Building3. One district of New York City is called“ Chinatown ” because.A. it is part of China and is administered

42、by the Chinese governmentB. the main citizens there are mainly from ChinatownC. it is a district that has a large number of Chinese peopleD. it is a district that is famous for China making4. If you go from Italy ， you are supposed to get to New York through Airport.A. Kennedy InternationalB. La Gua

43、ridiaC. either of the above twoD. neither of the above two答案： 1.B 2.C 3.C 4.ABI am wearing a small red ribbon this morning to remind myself and others around me that today is World AIDS Day.The red ribbon ， an international symbol of AIDS awareness ， is gaining increasing public recognition as more

44、Chinese， from top leaders to movie stars ， wear it today.Gone were the days when the topic of HIV/AIDS was a public and media taboo( 禁忌 ). Over the past few years ， we have watched ， read and heard many stories from doctors ， volunteers and public health officials at the forefront of HIV/AIDS preven

45、tion and treatment.Quite a few people with HIV/AIDS have come forward to share their experiences on TV or in the media.The local and central governments have become more forthcoming (be helpful) with their new prevention and treatment programs ， and financial input. The latter rose from less than 1

46、million Yuan (US$ 121 ， 000) in 1986 to a pledge of 800 million Yuan (US$98.8 million) in the year of 2019.The change from silence to public and media campaigns with official promises has been remarkable ， especially since China battled through the SARS crisis.But have we got a full understanding on

47、 HIV/AIDS? What do we know about the extent of HIV/AIDS in China?The figures ， ranging from confirmed cases to estimates ， remain debated. After all ， no more than a year has passed since the policy of free medical tests was making public. Unknown numbers from the high-risk groups drug addicts and people working in sex-related place as well as farmers who once sold blood could still be reluctant to come forward.1. What does the red ribbon stand for?A. AIDS.B. World AIDS Day.C. AIDS awareness.D. AIDS prevention and treatment.2. Which of th