必修一unit3詞匯學(xué)案含答案版

1、必修一 Unit 3 詞匯學(xué)案.單詞講解1. transport n.Vt. 運(yùn)送；運(yùn)輸e.g. Beijing is trying to improve its transport system for the coming festival. 北京為了迎接即將到來的節(jié)日, 正在努力改善交通設(shè)施。The goods will be transported to Tokyo by air. 貨物將空運(yùn)到東京?！就卣埂?1) transport還可作可數(shù)名詞，表示“交通工具”。 e.g.It is easier to travel if you have your own transport.如

2、果你自己有交通工具，旅行起來就方便多了。 (2) transportation n.運(yùn)輸; 交通。e.g.The railroad gives free transportation for a certain amount of baggage.鐵路免費(fèi)運(yùn)送一定數(shù)量的行李?！揪毩?xí)】(1) 我的汽車正在修理, 所以我現(xiàn)在沒有代步工具了。 My car is being repaired so Im _ at the moment. (2) 我出門通常乘坐公共交通工具。 I usually travel by_.【答案與解析】1. without transport ；transport可作可數(shù)

3、名詞，表示“交通工具”2. public transport；同上，名詞交通工具2. prefer vt.更喜歡；偏愛 （preferred，preferred）（不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)）【拓展】 sth.（更）喜歡 派生詞：preference 偏愛；喜好 to do sth. prefer doing sth. 更喜歡做某事 sb. to do sth. 寧愿某人做某事 that+ _語氣【 sb./sth.(_) do 】寧愿某人做某事注意：（1）A與B相比，更喜歡A prefer A to B（2）寧愿而不愿意 prefer to do A rather than do B = prefer d

4、oing A to doing B = would rather do A than do Be.g. Do you prefer cooking for yourself or eating in a restaurant? 你是喜歡自己做飯還是下館子？ Their father prefers them to be home early. 他們的父親寧愿他們?cè)琰c(diǎn)回家。 I prefer writing a term paper to taking an examination. 我寧愿寫一篇學(xué)術(shù)論文也不愿參加考試。He preferred to die rather than become

5、 a traitor. 他寧死也不做叛徒。Would you prefer that I（should）come on Monday instead of on Tuesday? 你寧愿讓我星期一來而不是星期二來嗎？ 單項(xiàng)填空My sister singing dancing while I dance sing. （原創(chuàng)）A. prefers; to; would rather; thanB. would rather; than; prefer; to C. prefers; rather than; would rather; toD. would rather; to; prefer;

6、 to 解析：選A?？疾楣潭ù钆洹refer的搭配是prefer to do rather than do或prefer doing to doing；would rather的搭配是would rather do than do或would do rather than do，因此A項(xiàng)正確。 3. disadvantage n.不利條件；不便 =dis+advantage (dis 表示否定，相反，相對(duì)) 如：disagree, dislike拓展： have / win an advantage over 比占優(yōu)勢(shì) take advantage of 利用（欺騙） at an advan

7、tage / disadvantage處于有利/不利地位 to ones advantage / disadvantage 對(duì)某人有利/不利e.g. You will be at a big disadvantage when finding a job if you cant speak English. 如果你不會(huì)講英語，你找工作時(shí)就會(huì)處于非常不利的地位. She has an advantage over the other competitors because she has previous experience. 她比其他競爭者占有優(yōu)勢(shì)因?yàn)樗薪?jīng)驗(yàn)。4. fare 車費(fèi)；船費(fèi)；飛

8、機(jī)票價(jià)；出租車乘客；飯菜 expense費(fèi)用；花費(fèi)；開支 fee（給專業(yè)人員如醫(yī)生、律師等的）專業(yè)服務(wù)費(fèi)；學(xué)費(fèi)；（加入俱樂部的）會(huì)員費(fèi)等e.g. a bus/taxi/train/ fare公共汽車費(fèi)/出租車費(fèi)/火車票價(jià) fee-paying schools 收費(fèi)學(xué)校 membership fees 會(huì)費(fèi) living/household expense 生活費(fèi)/家庭開支5. persuade vt. 說服；勸說；使某人相信（暗示是成功的，如果未成功則用try to persuade）【原句】she persuade me to buy one. (Page 18)拓展： persuade s

9、b to do sth. persuade sb into doing sth. 說服某人做某事persuade sb not to do sth. persuade sb. out of doing sth. 說服某人不要做某事persuade sb that. 使某人相信，勸服某人 of sth. 使某人相信e.g. Thank you for persuading my mother to let me join the army. 謝謝你說服了我的媽媽讓我參軍I persuaded him into doing it. 我說服他去做這件事。I persuaded Robert that

10、 the journey was too dangerous and he didnt go.我對(duì)羅伯特說那個(gè)旅行太危險(xiǎn),他被說服了,所以沒有去。He has persuaded me of its truth. 他使我相信這是真的。派生詞：persuasion n. 說服；說服力persuasive adj. 有說服力的,易使人信服的注意：persuade和advise的區(qū)別 sth. doing sth.persuade一詞常指已說服某人，強(qiáng)調(diào)說服成功 advise sb. to do sth.advise一詞則是嘗試勸說某人,結(jié)果不一定如愿。 that sb. (should) do s

11、th.e.g.I persuaded him to go home. 我說服他回家了。 Wh-從句 I advised him to go home, but he refused.我勸他回家, 他拒絕了。I advised waiting until the proper time. 我建議等到適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候。I advised her that she should wait. 我建議她應(yīng)該等下去。He will advise you what to do. 他會(huì)建議你們?cè)趺崔k。The doctor advised me to take more exercise. 醫(yī)生囑咐我多加鍛煉。Not

12、e:“說而不服或說而無果”應(yīng)該使用advise sb. to do sth. /try to persuade sb. to do sth. 。I advised/tried to persuade her not to go out alone at night, but she didnt listen to me.我勸她晚上不要一個(gè)人出去，但她不聽我的。I had advised/tried to persuade him not to stay up late, but he still didnt go to bed until midnight.我勸他不要熬到太晚，但是他仍舊到午夜

13、才去睡覺?！揪毩?xí)】1. Mr. Li no longer smokes now because his wife _him to give up smoking last year.A. suggested B. advised C. persuaded D. told 2. The businessman tried to_ me of his honesty and goodwill at first, but he turned out a deceiver.A. advise B. persuade C. remind D. understand【答案與解析】1. C。提示：advis

14、e sb. to do sth.意思是“勸某人做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，尤其是表達(dá)“勸而不服” 時(shí)多用此結(jié)構(gòu)；persuade sb.to do sth.意思是“勸服某人做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。2. B。提示：句意：這個(gè)商人起初盡力讓我相信他的誠實(shí)和善意，但結(jié)果證明他是一個(gè)騙子。此題用 persuade sb. of sth. 表示“使某人相信”6. care about關(guān)心；在意 【原句】.; my sister doesnt care about details. (Page 18)e.g. People here are thoughtful of others. They care about

15、each other.這里的人總為別人考慮, 他們都互相關(guān)心。 She didnt care about anything people might say.人們說什么她都不在乎。care about表示“關(guān)心”講時(shí)，用在肯定句中；表示“在意”時(shí)，用在疑問句和否定句中。【對(duì)比】 care for 照顧，照料；喜歡 多用于否定句和疑問句中，這有別于care about。e.g. He doesnt care much for music. 他不太喜歡音樂。Would you care for a walk? 你愿意散意散步嗎? The children are well cared for in

16、 the nurseries.孩子們?cè)谕袃核艿胶芎玫恼疹??！揪毩?xí)】1. Does your wife like tea? Well, she doesnt really _tea; she likes coffee better. A. care for B. care C. care about D. care of2. Earth Day is a celebration of life and our planet. It is a reminder that we need to_the world we live in and that we should learn to res

17、pect life and nature.A. care about B. think of C. take possession of D . refer to【答案與解析】1. A。句意為“你妻子喜歡茶嗎？”“她其實(shí)不太喜歡茶，她更喜歡咖啡。”此處應(yīng)該表示“喜歡”，故要用care for 2. A。提示： care about關(guān)心，照料； think of 想到； take possession of 擁有； refer to 涉 及到，參考。7. determine vt.下定決心，確定；決定，支配，影響；查明，測(cè)定【原句】She gave me a determined look th

18、e kind that said she would not change her mind. 派生詞：determined adj.有決心的; 意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的 determination n.毅力, 決心【拓展】 sth. 決定某事determine to do sth. 決定做某事sb. to do sth 讓某人決定做某事that/wh- 從句be determined to do sth. 下定決心做某事同義詞組： decide to do sth., make up ones mind to do sth. 決心做某事e.g. Demand determines supply. 需求決定

19、供給。 They have determined where the new school will be built.他們已確定這所新的學(xué)校將建造在什么地方。 She determined to go that very afternoon.她決定就在那天下午走。 My moms encouragement determined me to go on with my study.我母親的鼓勵(lì)使我決心繼續(xù)我的學(xué)業(yè)。 He was determined to win the game.他決心要贏得那場比賽?！揪毩?xí)】1. _to train his daughter in English, he

20、 put an ad like this in the paper, “an English teacher for a ten-year-old girl.”A. Determined；Wanted B. Determined； WantingC. Determine；Wanted D. Determining； Wanting【答案與解析】1. A句意：他決心輔導(dǎo)他女兒英語,所以在報(bào)紙上登了這樣一個(gè)廣告，“招聘，英語老師，輔導(dǎo)十歲女孩”。如果我們說“某人決心做某事”，要用be determined to do sth.；第二個(gè)空用過去分詞形式wanted,表示與teacher是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。8

21、. change ones mind 改變主意 make up ones mind 下定決心，決定 bear / keep sth. in mind 將牢記在心；記住 read ones mind 看出/讀懂某人的心思 broaden ones mind 開闊某人的思想 broaden ones eye / horison 開闊視野e.g.I have made up my mind to leave, and nothing you say will change it. 我已經(jīng)下定決心要離開，不管你說什么我都不會(huì)改變主意了。翻譯：1.我決心成為一名醫(yī)生. 2.任何事情都不能使我改變主意.I

22、ve made up my mind to be a doctor. Nothing will make me change my mind.9. give in投降；屈服；讓步 【原句】she has made up her mind ,nothing can change it. Finally, I had to give in.(Page18)e.g. The rebels were forced to give in. 叛亂者被迫投降。You cant win the game, so you may as well give in.你贏不了這場比賽, 所以還是認(rèn)輸算了。Stubbo

23、rn as he was, he finally gave in. 他雖然很固執(zhí), 但最后還是讓步了。He has given in to my views at last. 他們最后接受了我的意見?！就卣埂?give構(gòu)成的短語： give off 發(fā)出；放出。 e.g. The apples give off a very sweet smell. 這些蘋果散發(fā)出非常香甜的味兒。 give out 分發(fā),發(fā)出(氣味、熱等),用盡,精疲力竭。 e.g. Please help me give out these test papers. 請(qǐng)幫我分發(fā)這些試卷。 Our food supply a

24、t last gives out. 供給我們的食物終于用完了。 give up 放棄(念頭、希望等),停止,拋棄,認(rèn)輸,把送交。 e.g. He gave up teaching only two years ago.兩年前他才離開教學(xué)工作的。 He gave the books up to her. 他把書給她遞上去。 give away 贈(zèng)送;捐獻(xiàn);分發(fā)（獎(jiǎng)品等）泄露（秘密等）。 e.g. The old teacher gave away all his books to the school. 這位老教師把他的全部藏書捐送給了學(xué)校。The headmaster gave away th

25、e prizes.校長分發(fā)獎(jiǎng)品。 give way讓路;倒塌；折斷。 e.g. Give way to cars that come from the left.給左邊開過來的汽車讓路。The ladder gave way and Larry fell to the ground.梯子斷了, 拉里摔倒在地上。 give back 歸還；恢復(fù)。 e.g. Please give me back the book I lent you.請(qǐng)將我借給你的書還給我。 give over 停止；交付。 e.g.I hope the rain will soon give over.我希望雨不久即停。We

26、 gave him over to the police. 我們把他交給了警方?！揪毩?xí)】1. This milk must be bad, for it is giving _a nasty smell.2. Both the man and the horse gave _after the long ride.3. All hope of finding the missing aircraft was given _and the search stopped.4. Defeated by many failures, he finally_.A. gave out B. gave in

27、 C. gave away D. gave off5. Jane tried to keep up a calm appearance, but her trembling voice_.A. gave her in B. gave her out C. gave her away D. gave her u【答案與解析】1. off 2. out 3. up 4. B。give in屈服 give out發(fā)出，分發(fā)； give away 贈(zèng)送； give off發(fā)出。5. C。句意:簡盡量保持一種鎮(zhèn)靜的外表,但她那顫抖的聲音給她揭了底。give sb. away 意為“泄了某人的秘密”。10

28、. attitude n.態(tài)度，看法【拓展】 hold / take a (positive/negative) attitude to / towards對(duì)持/采?。ǚe極的/消極的）態(tài)度e.g. What is the companys attitude to/towards this plan? 公司對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃是什么態(tài)度？11. view n. 風(fēng)景；視野；觀點(diǎn)；見解 vt. 觀看；注視；考慮e.g. The house has a view over the sea. 這座房子面向大海，視野開闊。What is your view on school punishments?你對(duì)學(xué)校的處

29、罰有什么看法？The plan was viewed favorably.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃是受到稱贊的。Several possible buyers have come to view the house.幾個(gè)可能是買主的人來看過房子。 【拓展】 in ones view 在某人看來come into view 進(jìn)入視野，看得見in view / out of view 在視野范圍內(nèi)，看得見 / 不在視野范圍內(nèi)，看不見in view of sth. 鑒于，考慮到，由于【練習(xí)】On the top of this mountain, you can get a wonderful of the nea

30、rby hills. （2010山西太原五中檢測(cè)）A. sight B. view C. distance D. look解析：選B。get a view of為固定搭配，意為“看到的景象”。 .短語歸納：1.advantages and disadvantages 有利條件和不利條件；長處和短處2.means of transport/transportation 交通方式 3. ever since 自那以后4.dream about/of 夢(mèng)想（做） 5. take a bike trip 騎自行車旅行6. persuade sb (not) to do sth. persuade sb

31、 into/out of doing sth. 勸說/說服某人（不）做7. graduate from畢業(yè)于 8. get sb. interested in使某人對(duì)感興趣9. have(get) a/the chance to do sth. 有機(jī)會(huì)做 10.be fond of喜歡11.a determined look/expression一副堅(jiān)定的神情 12.在高度，海拔為 at an altitude of13.give in to對(duì)屈服，投降，讓步 14.be dressed in穿著(衣服)15.the setting sun 落日 16.find sb doing sth發(fā)現(xiàn)某

32、人正在做17.changefor用交換 18.put up the tent 支起帳篷，搭建帳篷19.keep sb company陪伴某人，和某人一起 20.beneath the stars 在星空下21.做很有趣/好玩 It is great fun to do . 做多么有趣/好玩啊！(感嘆句) What fun it is to do!22.twice the population of是兩倍的人口 23.in high/low spirit 情緒高昂/低落24.in ones view/opinion 在某人看來，以某人觀點(diǎn) 25.at midnight 在午夜26.weather

33、 forecast 天氣預(yù)報(bào) 27.in detail 詳細(xì)地，仔細(xì)地28.as usual 像往常一樣，照常 29.對(duì),的態(tài)度 the attitude to/towars30.at a , space 以的速度，節(jié)奏 31.make use of使用，利用32.at first起初，最先 33.be surprised to do做很驚訝34.go/run like clockwork 按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行，進(jìn)展順利 35.instead of代替，而不是36.travel journal旅行日志 37.look/feel like看起來/感覺起來像.難句解析1.It was my sister w

34、ho first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主句“It was my sister who first had the idea”是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子的主語my sister；where it begins和where it ends都是賓語從句，分別作介詞from和to的賓語。整個(gè)句子可翻譯成“首先想到要沿湄公河從源頭到終點(diǎn)騎自行車旅游的就是我的姐姐?！?強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)： It was / is + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分 + （Who） / t

35、hat + 句子其他成分注意：在使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)，指人時(shí)可以用who或that，其他情況一律用that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是主語、賓語或狀語等。e.g.It was my English teacher who / that helped me get interested in learning English.是我的英語老師幫助我培養(yǎng)了學(xué)習(xí)英語的興趣。He met an old friend in the park yesterday. 他昨天在公園里遇見了一個(gè)老朋友.改成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It was he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterda

36、y. 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語It was an old friend that / who he met in the park yesterday. 強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday. 強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語It was yesterday that he met an old friend in the park. 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語【拓展】1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句 結(jié)構(gòu)： Is/Was it + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分 + that + 句子其他成分Was it your brother that/whom you met at McDonald?

37、 （強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語）Is it Tom that has borrowed your money recently? （強(qiáng)調(diào)主語）2)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句 結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞 + Is/Was it + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分 + that + 句子其他成分Where was it that you saw her mobile phone yesterday? （強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語）How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow? （強(qiáng)調(diào)方式狀語）3)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句It was because it was raining hard that I came home late

38、. （強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語從句）It was what you said that really made us excited. （強(qiáng)調(diào)主語從句）4)not until結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào) 結(jié)構(gòu)：It is/ was not untilthatIt was not until it stopped that we got off the bus. （注意：強(qiáng)調(diào)該結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)not until不能分開）5)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)與定語從句的區(qū)別It was in 1921 that our Party was founded. （強(qiáng)調(diào)句）It was 1921 when our Party was founded. （

39、定語從句）It was on the farm that we practiced planting crops. （強(qiáng)調(diào)句）It was the farm where we learned a lot. （定語從句）表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的名詞前有介詞時(shí)，一般為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；前面沒有介詞時(shí)，多為定語從句。但應(yīng)注意，有些表示時(shí)間的名詞或短語在作狀語時(shí)本身不需要加介詞，也應(yīng)視為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。It was yesterday/last week that we chatted a lot on line.昨天/上周我們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上聊了許多。It was not until she got home_ Jennifer

40、realized she had lost her keys.A. when B. that C. where D. before答案：B判斷句子是否為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的檢驗(yàn)方法：將一個(gè)句子中的It was / is和who / that去掉后，若句子的剩余部分是一個(gè)完整的句子，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)。否則的話就不是。2. Although she didnt know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly. insist “堅(jiān)持；強(qiáng)調(diào)”這里的Although she didnt

41、know the best way of getting to places是讓步狀語從句；that we find the source of the river and begin our journey there是賓語從句，用的是虛擬語氣。整個(gè)句子可以翻譯成“盡管她對(duì)到某些地方的最佳路線并不清楚，她卻堅(jiān)持我們要找到河的源頭，并從那里開始我們的行程?！眲?dòng)詞insist在表示“堅(jiān)持某人應(yīng)該”時(shí)，后面的賓語從句應(yīng)該使用虛擬語氣，即should+動(dòng)詞原形或省略should直接用動(dòng)詞原形?！就卣埂?insist on / upon (sbs) (doing) sth. 堅(jiān)持（某人）（做）某事 t

42、hat + _ 語氣【 (_) do 】insist + that + _ 語氣注意：若insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”這個(gè)意思時(shí)，后面的從句應(yīng)該用陳述語氣。e.g. Her government insisted that she (should) stay until she finished her degree. 她的政府堅(jiān)決主張她待到拿到學(xué)位。Lucy insisted that she heard somebody in the house. 露西堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為她聽到屋子里有人的聲響。Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. 邁克堅(jiān)持說

43、他沒有偷任何東西。His parents insisted on his going to college. 他的父母堅(jiān)決主張他上大學(xué)。I insist on taking proper food for this bike trip.我堅(jiān)決主張攜帶適合這次自行車旅行的食品?！揪毩?xí)】1. Mr. Smith insisted that I _ his book within three days.A. returns B. returned C. had returned D. return 2. The man insisted _a taxi for me even though T to

44、ld him I live nearby.A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding【解析】1. D。句意為: Mr. Smith堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他會(huì)在三天內(nèi)把書還回來。insist的意思為“堅(jiān)持；強(qiáng)調(diào)”，后面從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用should do。2. C。insist on / upon (doing) sth.句意為:雖然我說我家很近，但是他還是堅(jiān)持給我一輛出租車.3.I want to pay the train fare, but my friend instead. instead & instead of同：instead和instead

45、of都有“代替”的含義。異：instead of是介詞短語，其后要接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞等。但instead是副詞，一般不跟其他成分，通常放在句末或句首。e.g.If we cant go to Beijing, well to go to Shanghai instead.如果我們不能去北京，那就改去上海吧。She wanted to go to see a film instead of staying at home.她想看電影，而不愿留在家里。Parents should give their children more advice instead of money.父母應(yīng)當(dāng)給孩子更多

46、的忠告，而不是金錢。If you are not free, you may come another day instead. 要是你沒有時(shí)間，改日再來吧?！揪毩?xí)】1. Did you go to the zoo? No, some of us went to the park _ the zoo. The others went to the cinema _. A. instead; instead B. instead of; instead of C. instead of; instead D. instead; instead of【答案與解析】1. C。句意是“我們有一些人想去

47、公園而不是動(dòng)物園，其他人想去電影院?！?詳解見點(diǎn)撥。4. We put up our tent and then we eat. put up 支起；舉起；張貼；建起；為提供食宿；提出e.g. Several tents have been put up to accommodate the party.（我們）搭起了幾個(gè)帳篷來給這一行人住。Put up your hands if you have any question.如果有問題, 請(qǐng)舉手。Commercial advertisements are put up everywhere.商業(yè)廣告貼得到處都是。They are puttin

48、g up several new buildings in that block.他們正在那一街區(qū)建幾幢樓房。Yes, we can put you up for a night or two.是的, 我們可以安排你住一兩夜。Id like to put up an idea for your consideration. 我想提個(gè)意見供你考慮?！就卣埂?put aside 放在一邊；儲(chǔ)存；保 put away 放好；收好 put down 寫下；記下；鎮(zhèn)壓 put forward 提出；推薦；把提前 put off 延期；推遲；妨礙 put out 熄滅；關(guān)燈；生產(chǎn)出；出版 put on 穿上；戴上；上演；增加(體重) put up with 忍受；容忍【練習(xí)】1. In Disneyland, every year, much of the grass is replaced because Disney refuses to _signs asking his visitors not to step on them. A. put on B. put up C. put down D. put out 2.