2020高考英語復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致

1、主謂一致考什么。學(xué)什么一明嗡方一備考增時(shí)窩效全析考法I.單句語法填空1.（2018全國卷I）While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review saysit_ （be） more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.解析：is根據(jù)語境可知，此處敘述的是一般的客觀事實(shí)，且本句中賓語從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致，故使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。it指代上一句的running regularly，是第三人稱單數(shù)， 故填is。2.（2017全國卷I）Fa

2、st food_（be） full of fat and salt; by eating more fast foodpeople will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.解析：is本句中的主語是fast food,是不可數(shù)名詞短語，所以謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，且此處講的是現(xiàn)狀，所以填iso3.（2016全國卷n兒eaving the less important things until tomorrow _ （be）often acceptable.解析：is主語是Leaving the less important

3、things until tomorrow ”，所以謂語用單數(shù)形式；此處表示客觀情況，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。n.單句改錯(cuò)1.（2018全國卷川）The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning fromtextbooks, and mistakes as well._解析：include includes分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾place,關(guān)系 代詞替代place在從句中作主語，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致， 謂語動(dòng)詞也使用第三人稱單數(shù)的形式。2 . （2016浙江高考）He would ask w

4、ho we was and pretend not to knowus._解析：wasfwere從句中的主語是we,為復(fù)數(shù)，故be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用were。3.（2014全國卷n）My dream school starts at 8 : 30 a. m. and ends . My dream schoollook like a big garden._解析：look looks最后一句的主語是單數(shù)形式， 所以謂語也用第三人稱單數(shù)， 根據(jù)前文可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以用looks。第二4.（2014遼寧高考）The early morning barking have been disturbing

5、 us as we are oftenup all night with the baby._解析：have has句子的主語為The early morning barking ”，故謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù) 形式。5.（2014陜西高考）Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky theylooked like rain！_解析：wasfwere句中主語是the arrows”，為復(fù)數(shù)形式，故be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用were。謹(jǐn)記規(guī)則（一）并列主語的主謂一致1.當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上作主語的單數(shù)名詞用and, both .and連接， 并表示兩個(gè)不

6、同的概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但and連接的并列名詞如果表示同一人、事或概念，且后面的名詞前沒有限定詞， 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式， 如the needle and thread, the fork and knife,iron and steel, mud and sand等。Both tea and coffee are my favorites.The writer and professor, who I often refer to at the meetings, is popular among thosepeople.2.由each, every, no修飾的名詞作主語時(shí)，即使有a

7、nd連接多個(gè)并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。No sound and （no） voice has been heard for a long time.Every boy and every girl is treated in the same way in our school.3.由or, nor, either . or ., neither . nor ., not only . but also .等連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與它臨近的主語保持一致。Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.4.there

8、 be, here be后接幾個(gè)并列名詞時(shí)，謂語be動(dòng)詞的數(shù)遵循就近原則。There is an orange and four bananas left.（二）數(shù)詞和量詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致1.分?jǐn)?shù)+ of/百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of/the rest of/plenty of/ themajority of /lots of/ a lot of/a quantity of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)， 謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)一般取決于of后名詞的數(shù)。 但quantities of .作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。About one third of the books are worth reading

9、.A quantity of water is needed for cooling purpose.=Quantities of water are needed for cooling purpose.2.ta great deal of/a large amount of不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。但large amounts of .作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。A large amount of grain has been eaten by birds.=Large amounts of grain have been eaten by birds.3.a number of,

10、 a variety of修飾名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；the number of, thevariety of后接名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The number of the students in our class is 50, and a number of them are from Hebei. Anumber of students have gone for an outing.4由kind, form, type, species, portion, series等修飾的主語，其謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決 于這些詞的數(shù)，而不是它們后面所跟名詞的數(shù)。Some new form

11、s of art were discussed at the meeting.(三三)其他情況的主謂一致1當(dāng)主語后帶有as well as, as much as, no less than, with, along with, together with, like,rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等連接的成分時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于前面主語的單復(fù)數(shù)。The house, including the garden and the park, was sold.I think the boss, rath

12、er than the workers, was to blame for the loss.2.在one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/which/ that”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。one前面如果有the only/very修飾，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。This is one of the questions thathave been asked by the students.He is the only one of the officers who was invited to the ball.3.“ more than one/many a(n)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”作

13、主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。More than one boy likes to play basketball while many a girl is good at playing baseball.4.強(qiáng)調(diào)句it is/was . that/ who .中，主句謂語總是用單數(shù)。It is he who tells us the news.5.不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。To obey the law is everyones duty.Eating too many sweets ruins your teeth.Why he did it was very c

14、lear.6.由兩部分構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體的物體名詞如shoes, trousers, pants, jeans, glasses等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。但如果這類名詞前用了a pair of, a piece of, a kind of, a series of等來修飾，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與表示計(jì)量單位的名詞一致。His trousers are too long to wear. This pair of glasseswas found in the bag.怎么考。怎么解語法填空解題“ 3視角”1.看主語人稱，確定謂語動(dòng)詞形式2.看充當(dāng)主語的詞( (短語) )，確定謂語動(dòng)詞形式(1)看到主語

15、為動(dòng)名詞短語/to do不定式或從句，要想到謂語應(yīng)為第三人稱單數(shù)形式；(2)看到“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of+名詞”作主語，要想到謂語的數(shù)取決于名詞。3.看到there be等結(jié)構(gòu)，要想到用就近一致原則據(jù)第1條解題1. The design on the back shows (show) the yellow-eyed penguin, one of the worlds rarestpenguins.2. Having traveled from China through Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Germany,Belgium and Fran

16、ce for 18 days, the train finally arrived in Londonnside the 68 containers were(be) household goods, clothing, cloth, bags and suitcases.據(jù)第2條解題3. Two-fifths of the land in that district _is_covered (cover) with trees now, about 80% ofwhich were_planted_ (plant) in the佃90s.4. Listening to loud music

17、at rock concerts has_caused (cause) hearing loss in someteenagers over the years.據(jù)第3條解題5. Not only Jasper but also his friends are. (be) planning to go, because they have neverbeen there before.6. There are_ (be) also many small universities with only a few hundred students.短文改錯(cuò)解題“ 3原則”1.通過“語法一致”原則解

18、決主謂一致問題(1)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)謂語 動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(2)在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that, who, which等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先 行詞的數(shù)一致。(3)單個(gè)的動(dòng)名詞、名詞性從句作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。但what引導(dǎo)的主語從句掌握“套路H解題有徑可雖表示復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(4)主語后跟有with, together with, as well as等引起的并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與 前面的主語保持一致。(5)復(fù)數(shù)形式單數(shù)意義的詞，如news, maths, plastics, physics作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞

19、用單 數(shù)形式。2.通過“意義一致”原則解決主謂一致問題(1)集體名詞作主語時(shí)，若被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若被看作是構(gòu)成集體的一個(gè)個(gè)成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有：family, class, team,group,public, committee, government, audience等。(2) “分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)/the majority + of+名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示的意義；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語實(shí)際表達(dá)的意義。3.通過“就近一致”原則解決主謂一

20、致問題由either .or ，neither .nor ，not only .but also .等連接的并歹U主語或者在there be句型中，謂語動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。據(jù)第1條解題1. Compared with online games, many traditional games, like hide- and-seek, benefitskids mentally and physically. benefits benefit2. Dr.Smith, together with his wife and daughters, are going to visi

21、t Beijing thissummer.are is據(jù)第2條解題3. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area needsrepairing._needsfneed4. 98% of the surface are covered permanently by ice and strong winds driven by gravityblow from the pole to the coastline.are is據(jù)第3條解題5. There was a large number o

22、f people and the train was crowded, but everyone helpedthose who had lots of baggage and behaved politely第一個(gè)waswere6. Here come your opportunity: the Student Union will organize a Poetry WritingC尸comes語篇綜合檢測I.語法填空I lost my last debate in the recent National High School Academic Debate & SpeechTo

23、urnament held in Shanghai.But instead of focusing on my _1_ (fail), I stopped to reflect onmy experiences in the past few years _2_ a debater.In general, preparing for new debate topics usually _3_ (include) brainstormingarguments, researching a resolution (解決), and doing debate practice.So if you s

24、pot a debatinggroup, you might see us sitting together after school, or even all day at weekends, discussingarguments and researching evidence.You might also notice us arguing _4_(fierce) anywhere we can.Not only are they supportive, but my debate friends also have similar passions andinterests to m

25、ine.As we discuss debate topics, my fellow debaters and I can talk about anything,from _5_ best way of rehabilitating (改造)criminals to the negative points of free immigrationpolicies.However, our discussions are more than just a way _6_ (practice) our debatingskillsn my mind, they help us to become

26、calm and consider _7_ (win) and solving realproblems as well.To me, the debating community is a great place _8_ people help each other not onlybecause theyre interested in a higher cause, but because they care about how people fromdifferent _9_ (background) can lead better livesm grateful to each of

27、 my debate friends andevery single minute we got to spend together.Indeed, my high school life would be incompletewithout them.So even though I _10_ (defeat) in my last debate, Im still thankful for being partof my wonderful debate family.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者雖然在一次辯論賽中失敗了，但停下來反思過去幾年 作為一名辯手的經(jīng)歷，作者依然覺得獲益匪淺。

28、1.failure考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空前的形容詞性物主代詞my可知， 此處應(yīng)用名詞， 故填fail的名詞形式failure。2.as考查介詞。句意：但我”并沒有把注意力集中到自己的失敗上，而是停下來反思過去幾年自己作為一名辯手的經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)句意可知此處用介詞as,表示“作為”。3.includes考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。本句中主語為preparing for new debatetopics，是動(dòng)名詞短語，故謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。4.fiercely考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：你也有可能注意到在任何我們能辯論的地方我們都在激烈地爭論?？仗幮揎梐rguing ,應(yīng)用副詞。5.the考查冠詞。 形容詞的最高級前要用定冠詞the，故此處應(yīng)填the。6.to practice考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：然而，我們的討論不僅僅是練習(xí)我們辯論技巧的一種方法。此處to do形式作定語。7.winning考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。在“我”看來，它們有助于我們變得鎮(zhèn)靜，也幫助我們考慮贏得辯論比賽和解決真正的問題。動(dòng)詞considera考慮”后跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語。8.where考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，先行詞為place,故