business ethics

1、Business EthicsGroup Members:Part1:彭李丹彭李丹 顏蔚顏蔚 胡春銖胡春銖 俞雪婷俞雪婷 林寶釵林寶釵 Part2:魏嘉莉魏嘉莉 邱云云邱云云 呂燕燕呂燕燕 戴蓓華戴蓓華Paras.1The definition of ethics and business ethics.Paras.2-3 Ethics vary from person to person,from situation to situation,and from culture to culture and ethical behavior and unethical behavoir are

2、 determined partly by the individual and partly by culture.Paras.4-5 Laws reflect prevailing ethical standards or social norms: a. an example; b. ethical ambiguities; c. people taking advantage of potentially ambiguous situations.Business Ethics Just what is ethical behavior ? Ethics are briefs abou

3、t what is right and wrong or good and bad. An individual is values and moals , plus the social context which his or her behaviour occurs , determine whether behavior is regarded as ethical or unethical. In other words , ethical behaviour conforms to individual beliefs and social norms about what is

4、right and good .Unethical behavior is behavior that individual beliefs and social norms define as wrong and bad . Business ethics is a term often used to refer to ethical or unethical behaviors by employees of commercial organizations.Ethics are beliefs about what is right and wrong or good and bad.

5、-Ethics are a set of principles that people use to decide what is right and what is wrong or what is good and what is bad. 道德規(guī)范就是一系列人們?cè)u(píng)判好壞對(duì)錯(cuò)的準(zhǔn)則。Business EthicsEthics: moral rules or principles of behavior for deciding what is right and wrong. 道德規(guī)范e.g. 1. Lee carries over his business ethics into his

6、 personal relationships. 2. This distributive judgment is a value judgment-a matter of ethics , not facts.Business Ethicsprevailing ethical standards 盛行的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ethical behavior 道德行為refuse to drop ones ethical standards 拒絕降低個(gè)人的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)the idea raises ethical concerns 這個(gè)想法引發(fā)了道德問(wèn)題In other words, ethical beha

7、viour conforms to individual beliefs and social norms about what is right and good.-Put in a different and simpler way, ethical behavior is in agreement /accordance with a person is beliefs and generally accepted standards of social behavior about what is right and good. 簡(jiǎn)單的來(lái)說(shuō)，道德行為就是一種約定俗成的廣為接受的判斷行為

8、對(duì)錯(cuò)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Business EthicsIn other words:used for introducing another way of saying or explaining something ,especially in a more simple way.換句話(huà)來(lái)說(shuō)e.g.The books and materials are kept on closed access , in other words , available only to the library staff.He was economical with the truth-in other words ,h

9、e was lying.Business EthicsConform to: to comply with /be in accordance with 與.一致；遵守；符合；e.g. 1.We should see to it that all work done conforms to high standards. 2. All fireworks must conform to British safety standards.Business Ethicsconform to social norms 遵守社會(huì)道德conform to traditional standards of

10、 behavior 遵照傳統(tǒng)的道德行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)conform to international standards of safety 遵照國(guó)際安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)conform to national laws、 rules and rugalutions 遵守國(guó)家法律和規(guī)章制度Business ethics is a term often used to refer to ethical or unethical behaviors by employees of commercial organizations.-Business ethics is a term people often use to

11、 mean a set of moral principles adopted by employees of commercial organizations about what is right and wrong or what is good and bad in their decisions and actions. 商業(yè)道德規(guī)范是指被商業(yè)組織雇傭的員工用來(lái)評(píng)判道德與否的專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)。Business Ethics Because ethics are based on both individual beliefs andsocial concepts, they vary fro

12、m person to person ,fromsituation to situation ,and from culture to culture. Socialstandards are broad enough yo support differences in beliefs.Without violating general standards ,therefore ,people maydevelop personal codes of ethics reflecting a wide range ofattitudes and beliefs. Because ethics a

13、re based on both individual beliefs and social concepts, they vary from person to person ,from situation to situation ,and from culture to culture. Because ethics are developed on the basis of individual beliefs and concepts Because both individual beliefs and social concepts determine ethics ,they

14、are different from person to person ,from situation to situation ,and from culture to culture different people ,different situations and different cultures have different ethics. 因?yàn)榈赖率腔趥€(gè)人信念和社會(huì)概念,他們因人因情況因文化而異 Be based on: to use particular ideas or facts to make a decision, do a calculation, or deve

15、lop a theory 基于，作為.的基礎(chǔ) be based on upon 基于 to be based on 以為根據(jù)，根據(jù) e.g. The monetary system of certain countries used tobebasedongold. 過(guò)去某些國(guó)家的貨幣制度是基于對(duì)黃金的制度。 Without violating general standards ,therefore ,people may develop personal codes of ethics reflecting a wide range of attitudes and beliefs. Fo

16、r that reason ,if they do not act against general standards, people may develop their own principles of ethics showing different attitudes and beliefs. 因此,在不違反一般標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下, 人們會(huì)形成個(gè)人的倫理準(zhǔn)則來(lái)體現(xiàn)一種廣泛的態(tài)度和信仰。 Violate: to break or act against something, especially a law v違反，冒犯，觸犯，妨礙，褻瀆 violation n. 違反,冒犯,侵害; e.g. :

17、（1）Im committed not to violate the rules. 我保證不違反規(guī)則。 （2）The country violated the international agreement. 這個(gè)國(guó)家違反了國(guó)際協(xié)議。 code n 代碼，密碼；編碼；法典；章程 vt 編碼；制成法典 vi 指定遺傳密碼 Thus ethical and unethical behavior is determined partlyby the individual and partly by culture. Virtually everyonewould agree with that. F

18、or instance, if you see someone dropa 20 bill and dont know who dropped it, should you turn it into the lost-and- found department? Or,since the rightfulowner isnt likely to claim it, can you just keep it? Thus ethical and unethical behavior is determined partly by the individual and partly by cultu

19、re. Therefore,ethical and unethical behavior is decided to some degree by the individual and some degree by culture . 因此道德和不道德的行為部分是由個(gè)人決定的,部分是由文化決定的。 Partly.partly. to some extent, not completelye.g. He read partly for information,partly for comparison,partly forinsight.他讀部分信息,部分進(jìn)行比較,部分原因是洞察力。Virtua

20、lly everyone would agree with that . Almost everyone would agree with that Virtually: almost ,nearly Adv 幾乎;實(shí)際上;事實(shí)上;差不多 e.g. (1) Their withdrawal from the world economy is virtually impossible. 他們要退出世界經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)際上是不可能的。 (2) So,its virtully risk-free for you. 所以對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)近似于無(wú)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 Business Ethics Societies generall

21、y adopt formal laws that reflect prevailing ethical Standards or social norms. For example, because most people regardTheft as unethical, we have laws against such behavior and ways ofPunishing those who steal. We try to make unambiguous laws, but Interpreting and applying them can still lead to eth

22、ical ambiguities, Real-world situations can often be interpreted in different ways, andIt isnt always easy to apply statutory standards to real-life behavior .Samuel Waksal has been charged with insider trading for tippingOff certain investor, such as Martha Stewart and members for his Own family, a

23、bout the impending fall of ImClone stock. But what about the behavior of Stewart? She says that shed already ordered her broker to sell the stock if it slipped below $60. Whether she had Business Ethicsor hadnt, shes widely suspected of questionable behavior, and the stock of her own company , Marth

24、a Stewart Living Omnimedia, hasdropped 60 percent, Meanwhile, Waksals daughter, who also sold her ImClone stock after getting information from her father, has so far been treated as an “innocent tippee”, someone who got insideInformation but didnt think thats what it was at the time. Societies gener

25、ally adapt formal laws that reflect prevailing ethical standards or social norms. - In generally/Generally speaking, societies accept formal laws that reflect most common ethical standards or social norms. prevailing adj. 流行的；一般的，占優(yōu)勢(shì)的；盛行很廣的 adv. prevailingly prevailing wind 盛行風(fēng) n. prevalence prevail

26、ing wage 普遍工資 prevailing circumstances 當(dāng)時(shí)環(huán)境 eg. She wears a fashionable hair style prevailing in the city. Business EthicsWe try to make unambiguous laws, but interpreting and applying them can still lead to ethical ambiguities. -We try to make clear and explicit laws, but people may understand and

27、explain them in different ways or use them in different ways, which can cause ethical confusion.unambiguous adj.不含糊的；清楚的；明白的ambiguity. n. 含糊；不明確；曖昧；模棱兩可的話(huà) eg ; The wording is likely to lead to erpreting vt. 說(shuō)明；口譯 vi. 解釋?zhuān)环geg; This should be taken into consideration when interpreting the

28、 data. Business EthicsReal-world situations can often be interpreted in different ways, and it isnt always easy to apply statutory standards to real-life behavior. - Situations in real life can often be understood and explained in different ways, so it is sometimes difficult to use statutory standae

29、ds for real-life behavior. statutory adj. 法定的；法令的；可依法懲處的 statutorily adv.根據(jù)法律條文地 statutable adj. statute n.法律；法令；條例 statutory holiday 法定假日 statutory law 成文法 statutory duty 法定責(zé)任 statutory tariff 法定關(guān)稅 e.g. The authority failed to carry out its statutory duties. When you buy foods you have certain stat

30、utory right.Business EthicsSuch as Martha Stewart and members for his own family, about the impending fall of ImClone stock.Impending; being about to happen or occur Impend vi； 迫近；即將發(fā)生Impendence n ; 迫切；危急 Impendent adj ; 即將發(fā)生的；迫近的 Impending death;瀕死；垂死Business EthicsSamuel Waksal has been charged wi

31、th insider trading for tipping off certain investors. - Samuel Waksal has been accused of insider trading for telling certain investors secret pieces of information. charge someone with 指控sb做sth tip off 向透露消息，泄密；暗中通知某人 Business Ethics Whether she had or hadnt, shes widely suspected of questionable b

32、ehavior. - No matter whether she had done that or not, a lot of people consider her behavior as dishonest. * suspected someone of 懷疑某人 suspect sb of doing sth suspect n.嫌疑犯；adj.可疑的vt懷疑 be suspicious of have doubt that *questionable adj. 可疑的；有問(wèn)題的 questionably adv.可疑地；不清楚地；不可靠地 questionary n 調(diào)查表 adj 詢(xún)

33、問(wèn)的 questionable point 可疑點(diǎn) questionable conduct 可疑行為 Unfortunately,the epidemic of recent scandals ranging from Arthur Andersen to Tyco and WorldCom only serves to show how willing people can be to take advantage of potentially ambiguous situation- indeed,to create them.In 1997,a U.S. company named T

34、yco effectively sold itself in a merger with a firm called ADT Ltd.Business Ethics Who also sold her ImClone stock after getting information from her father, has so far been treated as an “innocent tippee” Innocent; free from evil or guilt 清白的 Innocence n;清白，無(wú)罪，天真無(wú)邪 Innocent adj.無(wú)辜的；無(wú)罪的；無(wú)知的 n 天真的人；笨

35、蛋 Innocency n 天真行為；無(wú)罪Business Ethics ADT was smaller than Tyco,but because its new parent company was based in the tax haven of Bermuda,Tyco no longer had to pay U.S. taxes on its non-U.S.income.In 2000 and 2001,Tycos subsidiaries in such tax-friendly nations doubled from 75 to 150,and the company s

36、lashed its 2001 U.S. tax bill by $600 million. Tyco, complained a U.S. congressman,has raised tax aviodance to an art,but one tax expert replies that Tycos schemes are very consistent with the U.S. tax code. epidemic adj. 流行的；傳染性的 n. 傳染??；流行??；風(fēng)尚等的流行短語(yǔ)：epidemic situation 疫情 epidemic prevention 防疫；疫病防治

37、；流行病預(yù)防 近義詞：infection, infectious disease scandal：n. 丑聞；流言蜚語(yǔ)；誹謗；公憤 watergate scandal 水門(mén)事件；水門(mén)丑聞e.g.After all, if everything is a scandal, nothing is a scandal.畢竟，如果一切都是丑聞，就沒(méi)有什么丑聞了。Business Ethics .to show how willing people can be to take advantage of potentially ambiguous situation-indeed,to create t

38、hem. -.to show that people are ready to use possible ambiguous situations for their own benefit-indeed ,they create such situations on purpose.Business Ethics take advantage of:to make of someone or something in a way that is unfair or dishonest 利用，趁之機(jī) e.g. Sometimes hospitals take advantage of thei

39、r ignorance. 有時(shí)醫(yī)院會(huì)利用他們的無(wú)知。 gain/have an advantage over勝過(guò)，優(yōu)于 A man who can think will always have an advantage over others. 能動(dòng)腦子的人總是會(huì)勝過(guò)別人。Business EthicsIn 1997, a U.S. company named Tyco effectively sold itself in a merger with a firm called ADT Ltd. - In 1997, a U.S. company called Tyco sold itself

40、 in an effective way and then joined up with a firm called ADT Ltd. merger n. 兼并；并購(gòu)；吸收合并 statutory merger 法定兼并 e.g. If a deal emerged it would be “a merger of equals”. 如果達(dá)成交易，那將是一種“平等的合并”。 She was pressurized into agreeing to a merge. 她被迫同意將企業(yè)合并。Business EthicsTycos subsidiaries in such tax-friendly

41、 nations doubled from 75 to 150, and the company slashed its 2001 U.S. tax bill by $600 million. - The number of Tycos branch companies in such tax-friendly nations became twice as many as it was before from 75 to 150, and the company cut dramatically its 2001 U.S. tax bill by $600 million. subsidia

42、ry : adj. 附屬的；輔助的 n. 子公司；輔助者 subsidiary business副業(yè) subsidiary company分公司Business Ethicsslash:vt.to cut drastically大幅度削減近義詞：cut down, reduce, whittle downe.g.Time is the key factor in the plan to slash costs.在這個(gè)削減成本的計(jì)劃中，時(shí)間是關(guān)鍵因素。tax bill:征稅單，稅款 “Tyco”, complained a U.S. congressman, “has raised tax av

43、oidance to an art”, but one tax expert replies that Tycos schemes “are very consistent with the U.S. tax code”. - A U.S. congressman complained that Tyco had skillfully paid less tax, but one tax expert replied that Tycos schemes do not violate the U.S. tax code. be consistent with 符合，與.一致 近義詞： tie

44、in with fit in withe.g.Seeing this change is a huge step in the right direction to be consistent with that value.這個(gè)變化將是向著正確方向邁出的巨大一步，與我說(shuō)的價(jià)值觀是一致的。Business Ethics How should we deal with business behavior that we regard unethical-especially when its legally ambiguous ?No doubt we have to start with th

45、e individuals in a business-its managers, employees, agents, and other legal representatives. Each of these peoples personal code of ethics is determined by a combination of factors. We start to form ethical standards as children in response to our perceptions of the behavior of parents and other ad

46、ults. Soon, we enter school, where were influenced by peers, and as we grow into adulthood, experience shapes our lives and contributes to our ethical beliefs and our behaviour. We also develop values and morals that contribute to ethical standards. If you put financial gain at the top of your prior

47、ity list, you may develop a code of ethics that supports the pursuit of material comfort. If you set family and friends as a priority, youll no doubt adopt different standards.Business Ethics No doubt we have to start with the individuals in a business its managers , employees , agents, and other le

48、gal representatives. It is true that we should first of all pay more attention to the individuals in a business , including managers , employees , agents , and other legal representatives. 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),在一個(gè)企業(yè)中我們必須先考慮個(gè)人-它的管理者、員工、代理和其他法律代表 Business Ethics We start to form ethical standards as children in respo

49、nse to our perceptions of the behaviors of parents and other adults. When we are children, we begin to develop our ideas of what is right or wrong in reaction to the behavior of parents and other adults。 我們從孩童時(shí)期開(kāi)始便通過(guò)對(duì)父母及其他成年人的行為的認(rèn)知反應(yīng)形成道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Business EthicsPerception: The way you think about something

50、 and your idea about what it is like n. 知覺(jué)；生理 感覺(jué)；看法；洞察力；獲取 e.g. One considerationissafety, orat leasttheperceptionofit. 要考慮安全問(wèn)題，至少在感覺(jué)上來(lái)說(shuō)是安全的。 Ifyougo blindinoneeye,youllonlyloseaboutone-fifthofyourvision(butall yourdepthperception). 如果你一只眼失明，你只會(huì)失去約五分之一的視力（但會(huì)失去全部的深度知覺(jué)）。 Color perception 顏色知覺(jué)，顏色感知 Ris

51、k Perception 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知 ; 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)觀念 Role perception 角色知覺(jué) ; 角色認(rèn)知 Business Ethics experience shapes our lives and contributes to our ethical beliefs and our behaviour. experience has an important influence on our lives and helps to form our ethical beliefs and our behavior 經(jīng)驗(yàn)規(guī)范我們的生活并且有利于我們的道德信仰和行為的形成 Business Et

52、hicsContribute to: To help in causing a situation, event, or conditions v.捐獻(xiàn) vt.促成 ；投稿e(cuò).g. Yoursuccessshouldcontributetothesuccessofothers! 你的勝利應(yīng)能有助于他人的勝利！ Thisteamwillbuildsoftwaretohelpthepubliccontributetothe workofthis charity 該團(tuán)隊(duì)將構(gòu)建軟件以幫助公眾向這個(gè)慈善團(tuán)體貢獻(xiàn)自己的力量 Contribute oneself to doing sth 全身心地做某事 C

53、ontribute nothing to doing sth 沒(méi)有作用Contribute oneself to the country 貢獻(xiàn)國(guó)家同義詞：同義詞：play to conduce toBusiness EthicsIf you put financial gain at the top of your priority list, you may develop a code of ethics that supports the pursuit of material comfort. If you set family and friends as a priority, y

54、oull no doubt adopt different standards. If you put financial gain above everything else you may form a code of ethics that supports material pursuit. If you think family and friend are the most important thing, youll surely have different standards of ethics. 如果你把金錢(qián)利益放在你優(yōu)先列表的頂端，你可能會(huì)形成一系列的道德規(guī)范來(lái)支持你對(duì)物

55、質(zhì)舒適的追求。如果你把家人和朋友優(yōu)先，你將毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地采取不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Business EthicsWhat is moral is what you feel good after and what is immoral is what you feel bad after. (Ernest Hemingway, USA writer) 所謂道德是指你事后覺(jué)得好的東西，所謂不道德是指你事后覺(jué)得不好的東西。(美國(guó)作家 海明威)Morality is not really the doctrine of how to make ourselves happy but of how we are t

56、o be worthy of happiness. (Immanuel Kant, German philosopher) 道德確實(shí)不是指導(dǎo)人們?nèi)绾问棺约盒腋５慕虠l，而是指導(dǎo)人們?nèi)绾闻湎碛行腋５膶W(xué)說(shuō)。(德國(guó)哲學(xué)家 康德.i.) Business EthicsDeveloping an Ethical Culture Developing an ethics culture should be a top priority of every business, large or small. The challenge for many organizations is trying to un

57、derstand what it takes to develop an ethical culture .It takes time and effects, and while it is not as easy as flipping a switch, it is not as difficult as many companies may think.Developing an Ethical CultureDeveloping an Ethical Culture Having an ethical culture is an important component to runn

58、ing an effective business to-day. In fact, with the current state of legal and industry regulations, having an ethical culture is now practically a requirement. Creating an ethical culture will take more than issuing a code of conduct via email to a new hire ;although that too will help. 1)What is a

59、n ethical culture in a business organization? 2)Is it important for a company to develop its own code of ethics? 3)What is a managers role in developing the business ethical culture? 4)Is it necessary to have a training program to strengthen employees ethics ?Why or why not?Questions:Developing an E

60、thical CultureParas.1A way to communicate an organizations position on ethics and social responsibility to its employees.Paras.2The important role of managers in developing ethical values and standards in other employees.Paras.3Ethical control systems help employees learn an organizations ethical va