科技英語-期末考試翻譯-英語句子

1、Unitl(l)Ozone is a gas that occurs both in the Earths upper atmosphere and at ground level.Ozone can begoodor badfor your health and the environment,depending on its location in the atmosphere.臭氧是一種發(fā)生在地球的上層大氣和地面之間的一種氣體.臭氧對人們的健康和環(huán)境是好 還是壞的，這取決于它在大氣中的位置。0 Ozone occurs in two layers of the atmosphere. T

2、he layer closest to the EEarths surface is the troposphere. Here, ground-level orbad ozone is an air pollutant that is harmful to breathe andit damages crops,trees and other vegetation. It is a main ingredient of urban smog. The troposphere generally extends to a level about 6 miles up,where it meet

3、s the second layer,the stratosphere. The stratosphere orgoodH ozone layer extends upward from about 6 to 30 miles and protects life on Earth from the ssuns harmful ultraviolet(UV)rays.臭氧發(fā)生在大氣的兩層.離地表最近的是對流層,在這里，地面或壞的臭氧是一種有害呼 吸的空氣污染物，它會損害農(nóng)作物，樹林和其他植被.它的主要成分是城市煙霧.煙霧通常延伸 到6英里的高空，在那里與第二層平流層相遇.平流層或良好臭氧向上延伸

4、6到30英里， 保護地球上的生命免受太陽有害紫外線的危害。0 Ozone is produced naturally in the stratosphere. But this good ozone is gradually being destroyed by man-made chemicals referred to as ozone depleting substances(ODS),including chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs),hydrochlorofluorocarbons(HCFCs), halons, methyl bromide, carbon te

5、trachloride, and methyl chloroform. These substances were formerly used and sometimes still are used in coolants, foaming agents, fire extinguishers, solvents, pesticides, and aerosol propellants. Once released into the air these ozone-depleting substances degrade very slowly.臭氧是自然在平流層中產(chǎn)生的,但好的臭氧正在被人

6、造化學逐漸破壞，消耗臭氧的物質(zhì)包 括氯氟碳化合物，氫氯氟碳化合物,哈龍，甲基溟，四氫化碳，和甲基氫仿。這些物質(zhì)以前 被使用于冷卻劑、發(fā)泡劑、滅火器、溶劑、殺蟲劑和氣溶膠推進劑。這些消耗臭氧的物質(zhì)一但 釋放到空氣中，就會非常緩慢的降解。 Ground-level or bad ozone is not emitted directly into the air, but is created by chemical reactions between oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the pres

7、ence of sunlight. Emissions from industrial facilities and electrio utilities, motor vehicle exhaust, gasoline vapors, and chemical solvents are some of the majer sources of NOx and VOC. 地面臭氧并不是直接排放到空氣中，而是由氮氧化物(NOx)和揮發(fā)性有機化合物(VOC)在陽光下 的化學反響產(chǎn)生的。工業(yè)設施和電力設施、汽車尾氣、汽油蒸氣和化學溶劑的排放是NOx和 VOC的主要來源。6 At ground lev

8、el, ozone is a harmful pollutant. Ozone pollution is a concern during the summer months because strong sunlight and hot weather result in harmful ozone concentrations in the air we breathe. Many urban and suburban areas throughout the United States have high levels of bad ozone. But many rural areas

9、 of the country are also subject to high ozone levels as winds carry emissions hundreds of miles away from their original sources.在地面上，臭氧是有害的污染物。在夏季，臭氧污染是一個令人擔憂的問題，因為強烈的陽光 和炎熱的天氣會導致有害的臭氧濃度在我們呼吸的空氣中。美國許多城市和郊區(qū)都有高水平的 “有害”臭氧。但該國的許多農(nóng)村地區(qū)也受到高臭氧水平的影響，因為風會將排放的氣體帶到數(shù) 百英里以外的地方。Unit5The term “ computer hacker wa

10、s first coined in the 1960s and originally meant someone capable of developing an ingenious solution to a programming problem.But the phrase has since fallen into disrepute,entering the popular vocabulary as a term for a programmer with criminal intent.電腦黑客一詞最早出現(xiàn)于20世紀60年代，最初的意思是有能力為一個程序問題開發(fā)出一個巧妙的解決

11、方案的人。但是，這個短語已經(jīng)聲名狼藉，作為一個有犯罪意圖的程序員的術語進入了流行詞匯。 The earliestcriminafhackers were in fact relatively harmless,interested in testingthe boundaries of their knowledge and their ability to get around security measures.They mainly performed innocuous pranks,for example,employing low-tech tricks to get free c

12、alls through the US phone networks.最早的犯罪黑客實際上是相對無害的，他們對測試他們知識的邊界和和繞過平安措施的能力感興趣。他 們主要做一些無傷大雅的惡作劇，比方使用一些低技術含量的技巧，通過美國的 網(wǎng)絡獲得免費 。 There are many tools in the modern hacking kitjncluding network scanners,packet sniffers,rootkits and decompilers.But social engineeringn for example, putting a particularly

13、enticing message in an email header to encourage people to open it一and even search engines can also be useful weapons for the hacker.在現(xiàn)代黑客工具包中有許多工具，包括網(wǎng)絡掃描器、數(shù)據(jù)包嗅探器，隱匿技術和解碼器。但是，社會工 程一一例如，在電子郵件標題中放置特別誘人的信息以鼓勵人們翻開它一一甚至搜索引擎也可能是黑客的 有用武器。And it is not just ordinary desktop computers that are under threat.G

14、overnments, banks and critical infrastructure can also be brought to a standstill by an expert armed only with a laptop computer and a net connection.不僅僅是普通臺式電腦受到威脅政府、銀行和關鍵基礎設施也可能被一臺筆記本電腦和一個網(wǎng)絡連接進 入停滯狀態(tài)The biggest new target for computer hackers is the mobile device.Virus writers are already experime

15、nting with code designed for smartphones and experts predict more may be on the way,while hackers are also looking at ways to crack handheld devices.最大的電腦黑客的新目標是移動設備。病毒作者已經(jīng)在試驗為智能手機設計的代碼，專家預測更多黑客們 也在尋找破解手持設備的方法。While the Internet has transformed global communication beyond recognition,the arms race b

16、etween those intent on harnessing its power for criminal purposes and those tasked with preventing them has only just begun. 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)使全球通訊變得面目全非，那些意圖利用其力量進行犯罪目的的人與阻止他們的人的任務才剛 剛開始。Unit8Holmess team is the first to design an enzyme that successfully recognizes a mutated gene underlying human disease, and

17、 to show that it prompts efficient gene repair. Its terrific, says Dana Carrol, who studies these enzymes at the University o Utah. The team hopes that this technique will prove a safer way of treating SCID than traditional gene therapy. A French clinical trial of the latter has been stopped twice b

18、ecause three children developed cancer: probably because the corrective gene, when added to their cells, inserted itself next to a cancer-causing gene.霍爾姆斯的團隊是第一個設計出一種酶，這種酶能成功識別人類疾病背后的突變基因，并證 明它能促進基因的有效修復?！疤袅耍豹q他大學研究這些酶的達納卡羅爾(Dana Carrol) 說。研究小組希望這項技術將被證明是一種比傳統(tǒng)基因療法更平安的治療SCID的方法。法 國的一項針對后者的臨床試驗已經(jīng)被叫停

19、了兩次，因為有三個孩子患上了癌癥:可能是因為 矯正基因在加入他們的細胞時，把自己插入了一個致癌基因旁邊。The gene-correction technique ought to avoid this problem, because the new DNA replaces the old copy at the same site. HThe genome is left unscarred, explains Phitin Gregory, Sangamos senior director of research.基因修正技術應該可以防止這個問題，因為新的DNA會在同一位置取代舊的拷貝

20、。桑加莫 的高級研究主任菲丁 格雷戈里解釋說：“基因組沒有留下任何傷痕?！盧esearchers acknowledge that there are still potential pitfalls. It may, for exampl, prove difficult to engineer enzymes that recognize particular spots in the genome. And there are concerns that the enzyme might snip and damage DNA at an inappropriate place. We

21、dont want to be cutting up the genome w川y-nillyj says Wilson.研究人員成認，仍有潛在的陷阱。例如，事實可能會證明，設計識別基因組特定斑點的酶是困難 的。還有人擔憂這種酶可能會在不合適的地方剪切和破壞DNA。威爾遜說：“我們不想隨意 地切割基因組?！盪nitlOSome years ago, researchers found something that sent shivers through the scienti community: a diverse community of microbial life-forms tha

22、t live without sunlighto ready supply of nutrients. 幾年前，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一件令整個ft達基社區(qū)不寒而栗的事情:一個沒有陽光就沒有充足 營養(yǎng)的微生物群落。The scientists were not searching deep space when they made their find. Rather, they were sampling the bottom of a 2.5-mile-thick (4-kilometer-thick) Antarctic ice sheet.當科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象時，他們并不是在探索外太空。相反

23、，他們是在一個2.5英里厚(4 公里厚)的南極冰蓋的底部取樣。The frozen mass covers Lake Vostokl, a freshwater lake. Scientists demonstrated that the bottom layer of the ice sheet, the same one that contained the microbial life forms, was composed of accreted, or frozen, lake water. This, in turn, led scientists to suggest that

24、a large, diverse community of microbes lived in the lake itself. If true, the theory would answer questions about the limits of life on Earth and expand the range of environments that might potentially host life-forms in space.冰封的冰塊覆蓋著Vostokl湖，這是一個淡水湖?？茖W家們證明，冰蓋的底層，也就是包含 微生物生命形式的那一層，是由蓄積或凍結的湖水構成的。這反過

25、來又使科學家們認為，一個 巨大的、多樣的微生物群落生活在湖泊本身。如果這一理論是正確的，那么它將回答有關地球上 生命的極限的問題，并拓展可能在太空中孕育生命的環(huán)境范圍。According to Priscu, new data gathered by his team shows that the microbes have diverse physiologies. The data also suggest that Lake Vostok hosts the life-forms in 191 S high abundance, he said.根據(jù)Priscu的說法，他的團隊收集到的新

26、數(shù)據(jù)說明這些微生物有著不同的生理結構。他說， 這些數(shù)據(jù)還說明，沃斯托克湖擁有191種豐富的生命形式。“I believe there are about 10,000 microbial cells per milliliter (0.2 teaspoon) in Lake Vostok surface water, which is about a hundred times lower than that typical in the open ocean,H Priscu said.“我相信在Vostok湖的地表水中每毫升(0.2茶匙)大約有10000個微生物細胞，這比在開放 的海洋中一

27、般情況下耍低100倍， Priscu說。Karls team has also conducted further analysis and found that a viable microbe population lives in the Antarctic lake buried under miles of ice, although Karl noted that the biomass may be very low.*卡爾的研究小組還進行了進一步的分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)埋在幾英里深的冰下的南極湖中有一種活的微生 物種群，不過卡爾指出，“生物量可能非常低?！盪nit 12What is he

28、alth? The World Health Organization of the United Nations describes health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social wel-lbeing, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Perhaps this description is not realistic; after all, people are not a race of super beings.A far more realistic

29、definition of health is provided by the Joint Committee on Health Problems in Education* of the U.S. National Educational Association and theAmerican Medical Association. According to the Joint Committee, health is “a condition in which the individual is able to mobilize all of his resourcesintellec

30、tual, emotional and physical for optimum living. What is referred to here is the best possible use of ones assets,however great or small they may be. This is a definition that can apply to the great majority of individuals. It will hold for particularly favored individuals, for those of average or l

31、ess-than-average physical and mental development, and even for the handicapped persons who have come to terms successfully with their disabilities.Guidelines for the IndividualTo a considerable extent, the individual is responsible for his own health. He must establish a definite pattern of healthfu

32、l living if he is to maintain a satisfactory level of well-being.There are some basic guidelines to follow to reach and maintain this level: 什么是健康？聯(lián)合國世界衛(wèi)生組織將健康描述為一種完全的身體、精神和社會健康的狀 態(tài)。不僅僅是沒有疾病或虛弱。也許這種描述是不現(xiàn)實的；畢竟，人不是超級生物的種族。美 國國家教育協(xié)會的健康問題聯(lián)合委員會和美國醫(yī)學協(xié)會提供了更現(xiàn)實的健康定義。木蝴聯(lián)合委 員會的說法，健康是一種個人能夠調(diào)動他所有的智力、情感和身體資源一一以獲得最正確生活的 條件這里所指的是一個人的資產(chǎn)的最正確使用，無論其大小。這是一個可以適用于 大多數(shù)人的 定義。它將適用于特別受青睞的個人，那些身體和精神發(fā)育一般或低于一般水平的人，甚至那些 已經(jīng)成功接受殘疾的殘疾人。個人指南在很大程度上，個人要對自己的健康負責。如果他想保持令人滿意的幸福水平，他必須建立一個 明確的健康生活模式。到達并保持這一水平需要遵循一些基本準那么：Unitl4Scientists have invented a plastic solar cell that can turn the suns power into