新廣州版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)Unit5-Educational-exchanges-語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1、 Unit5:Educationalexchanges語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)如果你想說(shuō)“我已經(jīng)看過(guò)某部電影，所以不想看了”、“某人曾經(jīng)做過(guò)什么事情”等等，該如果表達(dá)呢？首先請(qǐng)看下面的句子：（1）Ihaveseenthefilm.Idontwanttoseeitagain.這部電影我已經(jīng)看過(guò)，不想再看了。（2）Haveyouansweredallthequestions?所有的問(wèn)題你都回答了嗎？（3）Haveyoueverlookedatatravelbrochure?你看過(guò)旅游宣傳冊(cè)嗎？（4）ShehasnevervisitedtheUSA.她從沒(méi)有過(guò)去美國(guó)。觀察：以上句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一個(gè)共同特

2、點(diǎn)是,用于表示在以前的某個(gè)時(shí)間曾經(jīng)做過(guò)的、發(fā)生的事情，這種行為對(duì)目前有某種影響。我們把這種時(shí)態(tài)稱(chēng)為“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”。一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的概念。表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果Shehasbeenillforthreedays.（她病了三天了。）表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。Weveknowneachothersincewewerechildren.（我們從小就認(rèn)識(shí)。）IhavebeenamemberofthePartyfor10years.常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：just剛剛just剛剛yet仍然，還ever曾經(jīng)today今天recently最近already已經(jīng)

3、now現(xiàn)在lately最后never從未before從前thisweek本周since自從foralongtine很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了foralongtine很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了sincethen自那以來(lái)sofar到目前為止inthepast/lastfewyears在過(guò)去/最近的幾年二、構(gòu)成：”助動(dòng)詞have,has+過(guò)去分詞”現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式（以work為例）人稱(chēng)冃疋否定疑問(wèn)回答第人IhaveseentheUFO.WehaveIhaventseentheUFO.WehaventHaveyouseentheUFO?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavent.稱(chēng)travelledaroun

4、dworld.thetravelledaroundtheworld.Haveyoutravelledaroundtheworld?Yes,wehave./No,wehavent.第人稱(chēng)YoubeenEngland.havetoYouhaventbeentoEngland.HaveyoubeentoEngland?Yes,I/wehave.No,I/wehavent.第人稱(chēng)He/ShehasbeentoBeijing.Theyhavegivenconcertsallovertheworld.He/ShehasntbeentoBeijing.Theyhaventgivenconcertsallov

5、ertheworld.Hashe/shebeentoBeijing?Havetheygivenconcertsallovertheworld?Yes,he/shehas.No,he/shehasnt.Yes,theyhave.No,theyhavent.注：扌規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成與過(guò)去是相同，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞見(jiàn)附表。隨堂練習(xí).把下面變否定句、一般疑問(wèn)句并作肯定和否定回答。1.Ihavedonemyhomework.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：回答：2.Theplanehasarrived.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：回答：三、動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成規(guī)則（1）規(guī)則變化大部分動(dòng)詞在詞尾直接加-edcleanc

6、leanedhelphelped以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的，直接加-dlikelikedlivelived以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞，變y為i再加edtrytriedstudystudied重讀閉音節(jié)詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的，需要雙寫(xiě)最后這個(gè)輔音字母再加-ed.planplannedstopstopped（2）不規(guī)則變化seeseenfindfound需根據(jù)不規(guī)則變化表進(jìn)行專(zhuān)門(mén)記憶隨堂練習(xí)寫(xiě)出下列單詞的過(guò)去分詞形式workchangemarryworkchangemarrypreferlivemeetplankeeplearnfinishseevisitdocleanbetakebuyforgetarri

7、vehavemisshearstudyclimbstopspendbring四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法歸納1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)已完成，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。（此種用法謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞）如：Theplanehasarrived.常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和副詞：already,yet,ever,neveralready已經(jīng)；yet尚未，仍未，還；強(qiáng)調(diào)前不久完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。already用于肯定句中，yet用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句的句末。例如：Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.我已經(jīng)完成我的家庭作業(yè)了。Hehasncomeyet.他還沒(méi)有

8、回來(lái)。Hasshefinishedcookingyet?他做完飯了嗎？練：Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.（變?yōu)榉穸ň洌〆ver（曾經(jīng)），句中；never（從不），表示否定，強(qiáng)調(diào)到目前為止的生活經(jīng)歷。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例如：Haveyoueverclimbthatmountain?你曾經(jīng)爬過(guò)那座山嗎？HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)上海嗎？Ihaveneverlateforschool.我從來(lái)沒(méi)有遲到過(guò)。alreadyever與never應(yīng)位于助動(dòng)詞have/has之后，主要?jiǎng)釉~之前。拓展：before（以前），句尾，獨(dú)立用Ihavent

9、methimbefore.我以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他。just（剛剛），用于肯定句中，常用在助動(dòng)詞和過(guò)去分詞之間。如：Ihavejustheardthenews.我剛剛聽(tīng)到消息。跟蹤訓(xùn)練（）1.HaveyouheardofDisneyland?A.alwaysB.everC.neverD.sometimes（）2.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.SoIcanhavearestnow.A.everB.alreadyC.neverD.yet（）3.Sheisagoodstudent,shehasbeenlateforschool.A.everB.alreadyC.neverD.yet（）

10、4.Iamveryhungry,Ihaventhadmybreakfast.A.everB.alreadyC.neverD.yet完成時(shí)可用于表示某時(shí)間段里完成的動(dòng)作，常與today,thesedays,recently等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：Haveyouseenherthesedays?譯：Haveyoubeentothelibrarytoday?譯：Haveyoureadthebookrecently?譯：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能延續(xù)到將來(lái)的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。常與表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：for+一段時(shí)間：fortwohourssince+時(shí)間點(diǎn)：sin

11、ce1999,sincelastyearsince+一段時(shí)間+ago:sincetwodaysagosince+從句（用過(guò)去時(shí)）uptonow,tillnow,untilnow,sofarinthepasttwoyears,inthelastfewdaysrecently,lately如：MissZhaohastaughtmathforfiveyears.Hismotherhasworkedintheshopsince1990.TheGreenshavelivedinLondonsincethreeyearsago.注：其中在a,b,c,d這四種結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：Ihave

12、hadthisbookforoneandahalfyears.（這本書(shū)我已買(mǎi)了一年半了?。└櫽?xùn)練用since或者for填空1.IhavestudiedEnglish_5years.2.IhavestudiedEnglish_5yearsago.3.IhavestudiedEnglish_2008.4.Shehastaughtmath3years.5.Shehastaughtmath3yearsago.6.Shehastaughtmath2010.短暫性動(dòng)詞怎樣和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。英語(yǔ)中的短暫性動(dòng)詞，也叫做終止性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，只表示時(shí)的動(dòng)作，在肯定句式中不能與表示延續(xù)的時(shí)

13、間狀語(yǔ)連用。常見(jiàn)的短暫性動(dòng)詞有：go,come,leave,find,buy,arrive,give,stop,join,marry,die,begin,start,borrow,close,open,lend等。eg.Ihaveboughtthisbookforthreemonths.(x)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與一段時(shí)間連用時(shí)可采用下列三種方法：(1)將非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。leave-have(has)beenawayfromclose-beclosedjoin-have(has)been(in)begin/start-beonbuy-have(has)hadgo-betheredie-h

14、ave(has)deadfinish-beovercome(arrive)-have(has)beenhereborrow-have(has)keptbegintowork-have(has)workedopen-have(has)beenopengetup-have(has)beenupputonhave(has)oncomeback-have(has)beenbackgone(left)-beenawayjoinedbeengottoknowknown(2)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的變化：把表時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)“for”變?yōu)椤皵?shù)詞+時(shí)間名詞+ago”的短語(yǔ)形式。(即：將時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)改為過(guò)去時(shí)間，并用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在

15、完成時(shí))如：他參軍五年了。(判斷正誤)TOC o 1-5 h zHehasjoinedtheArmyforfiveyears.()HehasbeenintheArmyforfiveyears.()HejoinedtheArmyfiveyearsago.()他離開(kāi)濟(jì)南三年了。HehasleftJinanforthreeyears.()HehasbeenawayfromJinanforthreeyears.HeleftJinanthreeyearsago.句子模式的變化。用句型“Itis+一段時(shí)間+since從句”（從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去式表示）如：Theoldmandiedtw

16、oyearsago.=Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.=Itistwoyearssincetheoldmandied.跟蹤訓(xùn)練句型轉(zhuǎn)換。Ihaveborrowedanewbookfromtheschoollibrary.Ianewbookfromtheschoollibraryfortwodays.Shehasgonethere.Shethereyesterday.Thefilmhasbegun.Thefilmfiveminutes.Theboyhascomeback.Theboyforanhour.Themaninahathasleft.Themaninaha

17、thalfanhourago.Hehasalreadydied.Hefortwentyyears.TheyoungmanhasjoinedtheLeague.Theyoungmanmembertwoyears.TheyoungmanLeaguetwoyearsago.5.havebeento/havegoneto/havebeenin三種結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別(1)havebeento去過(guò)某地(現(xiàn)已離開(kāi))，可以與ever,never,once,twice等連用。(2)hasgoneto去某地了，說(shuō)話時(shí)某人已離開(kāi)此地，在去某地的路上或已在某地，總之現(xiàn)在還未回來(lái)。此句型一般用于第三人稱(chēng)。(3)havebeen

18、in表示已在某地呆了多久，若該地為小地方則用at。翻譯：你以前去過(guò)北京嗎？吉姆已經(jīng)去了倫敦。格林一家在中國(guó)已經(jīng)兩年了。單項(xiàng)選擇()1.IhaveBeijingthreetimes.A.beentoB.gonetoC.beeninD.beenat()2.WhereisMike?HehasLondon.A.beentoB.gonetoC.beeninD.beenat()3.TonyhasneverChina.HelooksforwardtocomingtoChinaA.beentoB.gonetoC.beeninD.beenat()4.LucyhasChinafor5years.A.beentoB

19、.gonetoC.beeninD.beenat()5.Theteacherhasthevillagetoteachthepoorstudentsfor10years.D.beenatA.beentoB.gonetoC.beenin6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：D.beenat(1)側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)，屬現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)范疇，它側(cè)重于過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。而一般過(guò)去時(shí)是一種過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，側(cè)重于表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。如：YesterdayIwenttothezoo.(僅說(shuō)明昨天去了動(dòng)物園，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān))LiLeihasreadthebook.(說(shuō)明李磊了解那本書(shū)的內(nèi)容)(2

20、)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同：一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與ago,yesterday,last.,in2000,justnow等連用。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與already,yet,still,just,sofar,inthelast/past.,before,ever,never,since.,for.等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。注現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不可與yesterday,lastweek,twodaysago等過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。綜合訓(xùn)練一、單項(xiàng)選擇。D.hadcleaned()1.MissGaoisnthere.ShetothebusstationtomeetMr.Brown.D.hadcleanedA.goB.hasgoneC.hasb

21、eenD.wouldgo()2.Howcleanthebedroomis!-Yes,Iamsurethatsomeone_it.A.cleansB.cleanedC.hascleanedtheseyears.)3.DrisonBreakisthebestAmericanTVplayerthatItheseyears.A.watchB.willwatchC.havewatchedD.waswatchingA.watchB.willwatchC.havewatchedD.waswatching)4.I)4.ImnothungrybecauseIlunchalready.A.haveB.hadC.a

22、mhavingD.havehadA.haveB.hadC.amhavingD.havehad)5.HowlonghaveMrandMrsSmith-Formorethantwentyyears.A.marriedB.hadmarriedC.gotmarriedD.beenmarriedA.marriedB.hadmarriedC.gotmarriedD.beenmarried()6.Inthepastfewyearstheregreatchangesinmyhometown.A.havebeenB.wereC.hadbeenD.are()7.一youthefilmHarryPotterII?N

23、otyet.IllseeitthisSunday.A.Did,seeB.Are;seeingC.Have,seenD.Do,see()8.TheSmithsmovedtoChinatenyearsagoandheresincethen.A.haslivedB.waslivingC.liveD.havelived()9.WillyouwatchtheWorldCupmatchthisyear?-No,butIseveralWorldCupmatchessinceIwasasmallchild.A.hadseenB.seeC.wasseeingD.haveseen()10.IwontreturnthebooktothelibrarybecauseIreadingit.A.wasntfinishB.dontfinishC.wontfinishD.haventfinished()11.HowmanytimesyoutheGreatWall?Onlyonce.Itherethreeyearsago.A.did,goto,havegoneB.had,goneto,wentC.have,beento,wentD.have,beento,haveg