英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句的5種基本類(lèi)型課件

1、英語(yǔ)句子概論1. 句子的成分主語(yǔ):表示句子說(shuō)的是什么人或什么事,由名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，短語(yǔ)或句子充當(dāng)位于句首。謂語(yǔ):說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么，是什么或怎么樣由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組充當(dāng), 位于主語(yǔ)后。賓語(yǔ):表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象,通常位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):補(bǔ)充賓語(yǔ)的成分,通常位于賓語(yǔ)后。由形容詞，名詞，介詞短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。表語(yǔ):說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征,位于系動(dòng)詞之后。以上的成分稱(chēng)為基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2-4個(gè)基本成分。定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.China is a developing c

2、ountry; America is a developed country.There are thirty women teachers is our school.His rapid progress in English made us surprised. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.He is reading an article about how to learn English.Tom is

3、a boy who likes music very much.（形容詞）（分詞）（名詞）（代詞）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（介詞短語(yǔ)）（從句）狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)。通常有副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下：How about meeting again at six?（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because ofthe rain.（原因狀語(yǔ)）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（條件狀語(yǔ)）Mr Smith lives on the t

4、hird floor.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.方式狀語(yǔ)She came in with a dictionary in her hand.伴隨狀語(yǔ)In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.目的狀語(yǔ)He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)She works very hard though she is old.讓步狀語(yǔ)I am taller than he is.比較狀語(yǔ)2.

5、句子的分類(lèi)分類(lèi)說(shuō)明例句簡(jiǎn)單句由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)或并列主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)或并列謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的句子。即一套主謂關(guān)系。1. Tom and I found her there. 2. We all breathe, eat and work.并列句由并列連詞（and,so,but, or等）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起而構(gòu)成的句子。1. He likes eggs, but he doesnt like chickens.2. Work hard or you will fall behind.復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子1. I believe you are right.2. If yo

6、u study harder, you will pass the exam.簡(jiǎn)單句五種基本類(lèi)型(一).簡(jiǎn)單句: 只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ)) 和 一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或并列謂語(yǔ)): .Tom likes rock music. .Tom and John are fond of rock music. .Tom sat down at his desk and began to do his homework.簡(jiǎn)單句五種基本句型1.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ) S+V2.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)S+V+P3.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)S+V+O4.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間賓+直賓S+V+INO+DO5.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)S+V+O+OC一個(gè)完

7、整的簡(jiǎn)單句按結(jié)構(gòu)分 由 “主語(yǔ)部分+謂語(yǔ)部分”構(gòu)成For example: The man is writing.(主語(yǔ)部分) (謂語(yǔ)部分)動(dòng)詞 連系動(dòng)詞主要?jiǎng)釉~ 行為動(dòng)詞 助動(dòng)詞輔助動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞 laugh / smile / look / listen及物動(dòng)詞 see / hear / drink / eatbe (is/ am /are / was / were)do / does / didhave / has / hadwill / shall / be going to/can / may / must / shall / needcould / should / wo

8、uld / mighthave (has) to / had betterbe ( is am are was were) / seem / keep是/好象(似乎)是/保持look / feel / taste / smell / sound 看/感覺(jué)/嘗/聞/聽(tīng)起來(lái)(上去)become / turn / get / grow 變得連系動(dòng)詞be ( is am are was were) / seem / keep /是/好象(似乎)是/保持look / feel / taste / smell / sound / 看/感覺(jué)/嘗/聞/聽(tīng)起來(lái)(上去)become / turn / get /

9、grow / 變得連系動(dòng)詞主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（SVP） =主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)Miss liangis a good teacher.The movie is interesting/wonderful.He feels hungry.The flower looks beautiful.He is a boy. She is a girl. We are students. They are good. The book is interestingWe are in the classroomThe pen is in the box主語(yǔ) 連系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)1. It is getting warme

10、r and warmer. He looks pretty happy today. 高考經(jīng)?？疾榈南祫?dòng)詞: . “變得” _, _, _, _, _. . “看起來(lái)”_,_,_ “聞起來(lái)” _ “嘗起來(lái)” _ “摸起來(lái)” _ “聽(tīng)起來(lái)”_ 主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ) (S+V+P) get becometurn go growlook seem appearsmelltastefeelsoundHe looks / seems ill.The apple tastes nice.Trees turn green.Your idea sounds good.（是系動(dòng)詞）(表語(yǔ))1. This 2. T

11、he dinner3. He 4. Everything5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smells(聞)fell looks is is becameturned an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting.warmer. red. 系動(dòng)詞的用法: (注意三點(diǎn)) +_作表語(yǔ); 無(wú) _; 無(wú) _; e.g. The dish _. (嘗起來(lái)好吃) The story _. (聽(tīng)起來(lái)有趣).adj. 賓語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)tastes

12、delicioussounds interesting及物動(dòng)詞是后面可以直接跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞: see / hear / drink / eat / I saw him last week.We heard the bad news yesterday.They eat bread every day.He drank a glass of milk just now.不及物動(dòng)詞是后面不可以直接跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞: laugh / smile / look / listen / She smiled happily.They laughed loudly. 如果要加賓語(yǔ),就要靠一個(gè)介詞來(lái)幫助:She l

13、ook at the blackboard carefully.He listened to his teacher in class.They laughed at us after the match. 什么是及物動(dòng)詞(vt)和不及物動(dòng)詞(vi)呢?The boy is fishing.The girl dances well.The duck is swimming.The woman walks slowly.主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（SV） =主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞Xudonglikes playingbasketball .Wubin plays computer games every day

14、.Xianwenplayed soccer yesterday.Littlepigis playing the guitarnow.及物動(dòng)詞主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（SVO） =主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）(賓語(yǔ)) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 4. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts.to have a cup of tea. Good morning. 有些詞既

15、是及物動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞，那就要看意思上的區(qū)別了：他們?cè)诜棚L(fēng)箏。They are flying the kites.風(fēng)箏在天上飛。The kites are flying in the sky.Santa Claus gave me a present.MissXieteaches us. Miss Xie teaches English. Miss Xie teaches us English. She told me a story.及物動(dòng)詞主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)（SVInODO）=主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)可以用于這種句式的動(dòng)詞主要有 (A) buy / build / choose / co

16、ok / make / draw He bought me a new bike.也可以改為for sb 的句式 He bought a new bike for me. (B) give / take / send / bring / show / write / sell / lend / pass / return / offer / readShe lent me a book.也可以改為 to sb的句式 She lent a book to me. (c) borrow/ get也可以改為from sb的句式 She borrowed a book from me yesterda

17、y.（及物）IO（多指人）（多指物）1. She2. She 3. He 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 4. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. 主謂賓賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（SVOOC）=主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)

18、足語(yǔ)He told me to clean my room.I saw her dancing.Miss liangasks us to read English every day.及物動(dòng)詞（及物）（賓語(yǔ)）（賓補(bǔ)）1. We 2. They3. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to c

19、ome back soon. getting on the bus. 可以用于這種句式的動(dòng)詞主要有l(wèi)et / make sb. do sth.ask / tell / want / allow / wish / sb. to do sth.expect / encourage / invite / teach find / see / hear / watch / notice / feel sb. do sth. sb. doing sth. help sb. (to) do sth. _句 Xiaoxuan is a very good girl . _句: They laughed. T

20、he kites fly in the sky._句: Guannan bought a new bike. Wenkui plays volleyball. _句: She told me a story. Xinjia gave me a good book._句: He asked me to help him. Tianlong made me happy. 蠻簡(jiǎn)單的哦!Let me try! (主語(yǔ)) (連系動(dòng)詞) (表語(yǔ)) (主語(yǔ)) (謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞) (主語(yǔ)) (謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)(主語(yǔ)) (謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞) (賓語(yǔ)) (主語(yǔ)) (謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞) (賓語(yǔ))(主語(yǔ)) (謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞) (賓語(yǔ)) (賓語(yǔ)) (主

21、語(yǔ)) (謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞) (賓語(yǔ)) (賓語(yǔ))(主語(yǔ)) (謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞) (賓語(yǔ)) (賓補(bǔ)) (主語(yǔ)) (謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞) (賓語(yǔ)) (賓補(bǔ))主系表主謂主謂賓主謂賓賓主謂賓賓補(bǔ)The boy is asleep.The boy is sleeping.主謂賓主謂The boy is playing the guitar.His music is very beautiful.It is beautiful music.主系表He is playing happily.判斷這些句子的類(lèi)型并理解be動(dòng)詞的雙重身份（連系動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞）Exercise Everything goes well. we exercise every day. we are sitting now. You are listening carefully. You are listening to me carefully. we are having an English class. I teach you English. last we