大學(xué)英語四級題型及輔導(dǎo)課件

1、大學(xué)英語四級題型及輔導(dǎo)各部分測試內(nèi)容、題型和所占分值比例試卷構(gòu)成測試內(nèi)容測試題型比例聽力理解聽力對話短對話多項(xiàng)選擇35%長對話多項(xiàng)選擇聽力短文短文理解多項(xiàng)選擇短文聽寫復(fù)合式聽寫閱讀理解仔細(xì)閱讀理解篇章閱讀理解多項(xiàng)選擇35%篇章詞匯理解或短句問答選詞填空或 短句回答快速閱讀理解是非判斷句+句子填空或其他完型填空 或改錯(cuò)完型填空 或 改錯(cuò)多項(xiàng)選擇或 錯(cuò)誤辨認(rèn)并改正10%寫作和翻譯寫作短文寫作20%翻譯中譯英樣卷結(jié)構(gòu)、各部分答題時(shí)間和所用答題卡樣卷結(jié)構(gòu)試題內(nèi)容答題內(nèi)容答題卡Part IWriting30 minutesAnswer sheet 1Part IIReading Comprehensio

2、n (Skimming and Scanning)15 minutesPart IIIListening Comprehension35 minutesAnswer sheet 2Part IVReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)25 minutesPart VCloze15 minutesPart VITranslation5 minutes應(yīng)對策略1）作文的時(shí)候，沒有試題冊，這樣會避免考生從試題冊中尋找相關(guān)的英語表達(dá)抄到作文中。2）注意作文和快速閱讀后要收答題卡一，然后才能開始做后面的試題。學(xué)生平常練習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)注意每部分時(shí)間的控制，在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成

3、規(guī)定的項(xiàng)目，不要跨區(qū)做題，這樣才能適應(yīng)考場要求。3）在9：4510：00之間收答題卡一和最后試音時(shí)間時(shí)可以預(yù)覽聽力部分的選項(xiàng)，建議考生要充分利用這段時(shí)間掃描passage部分的選項(xiàng)，弄清三篇文章的主題，至于短對話第一題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)在播音前6秒看還來得及。4）做翻譯題時(shí)，試題冊已經(jīng)收上去，避免考生從試題冊中找單詞的拼寫或習(xí)慣用語。作 文：三個(gè)應(yīng)該注意的問題（一）卷面整潔，書寫清楚1、齊頭式卷面：段與段之間空一行，全部向左邊靠。2、寫錯(cuò)的地方可以用透明膠帶粘干凈。3、用黑筆做。（二）構(gòu)思簡單，少犯錯(cuò)誤容易犯的兩個(gè)錯(cuò)誤：1、名詞：單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前加a/an，復(fù)數(shù)加s。 不知道的解決方法：所有名詞前面都加

4、the。2、主謂語錯(cuò)誤：從句出現(xiàn)多個(gè)謂語。注意主謂搭配得當(dāng)作 文：三個(gè)應(yīng)該注意的問題（三）中心明確，層次分明每段第一句都是中心句，從提綱變過來。下面加邏輯詞一、二、三。eg.除夕的春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會 如何拿高分？變化式拿高分，而不是用詞用句難。eg.學(xué)生-年輕人-學(xué)習(xí)者開頭結(jié)尾各自背5-7句，用自己熟悉的語言。eg.名言：生存或者死亡，這是一個(gè)問題。作文 框架正反觀點(diǎn)對比題目第三段寫四句。第一句：From what has been discussed above, we may come to the conclusion that .第二句：On the one hand, . 第三句：On t

5、he other hand, .第四句：Only in this way can we .實(shí)題現(xiàn)象作文第一段只寫兩句：第一句：In recent years, there has been第二句：How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people. 第二段只寫四句：第一句：What has caused this problem? It seems to me that there are reasons.第二句：Firstly, 第三句：Secondly,第四句：Finally, 現(xiàn)象作文第三段只寫四句：第一句：

6、How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people.第二句：For one thing, 第三句：For another, 第四句：Only in this way can we successfully solve the problem. 實(shí)題書信作文 實(shí)題第一段只寫兩句：第一句：I am writing this letter today to 第二句：My name is and I am 第二段按照題目要求寫： 第三段只寫三句：第一句：I sincerely hope you can take my le

7、tter seriously.第二句：Your prompt response will be highly appreciated.第三句：Thanks a lot for your time and consideration. 諺語作文第一段只寫四句：第一句：It is that 第二句：You cannot until you 第三句：The more you , the more 第四句：If you , you 第二段舉例寫：第一句：Examples can be easily found to make a case for this proverb.第二句：Lets take

8、for instance.第三句：Another illustration of this is 實(shí)題快 速 閱 讀 題型： 在 15 分鐘內(nèi) 閱讀 1200 個(gè)單詞的文章 做完 10 個(gè)題目前 7 題 - 判斷正誤或未提及，后 3 題 - 根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容把句子補(bǔ)充完整。 提示： 了解文章大意 尋找重要細(xì)節(jié) 一般情況下試題考查的內(nèi)容和文章內(nèi)容的出現(xiàn)順序是一致的，自始至終分部，但并不是每段或每個(gè)小標(biāo)題下都設(shè)題，有的段落和小標(biāo)題下設(shè)2題，有的則沒有設(shè)題?？?速 閱 讀2）主次分明看文章。 在原文搜索相關(guān)信號時(shí)，各段首末應(yīng)該是閱讀重點(diǎn)，另外轉(zhuǎn)折、比較等重要語言現(xiàn)象都是重要的出題點(diǎn)。 相反，同義說明的內(nèi)

9、容，舉例的內(nèi)容，人物身份說明的內(nèi)容，含有大串專有名詞或數(shù)字的內(nèi)容，都是我們略讀的部分。3）正誤判斷有陷阱。 就答題而言，要注意前7題的答案有三種可能，正確、錯(cuò)誤或未提及。以往的四級閱讀中，如果一個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容是文章沒有提到的，就會認(rèn)定是錯(cuò)誤答案，所以考生沒有選擇“未提及”的習(xí)慣，很容易錯(cuò)誤。不過涉及未提及的題目一般不會太多。 快 速 閱 讀4）補(bǔ)充題目靠原文。 快速閱讀的最后三題是補(bǔ)充完整的題目，要求填寫的只是個(gè)別單詞。而這些單詞一般是原文中的單詞，所以只要考生找到了原文的相關(guān)信息，就可以填寫正確。 注意：一般情況下題文同序，所以下一題可以直接從上一題做在的段落開始查找，尤其要重視最后幾段，因?yàn)?/p>

10、這些段落可能是最后5題集中的地方，正誤判斷題/選擇題和填空題都有可能出現(xiàn)在這些段落里。但是個(gè)別補(bǔ)充完整的題目可能會打亂出題順序。四 級 聽 力提示：1）復(fù)合式聽力越來越鼓勵(lì)考生注意在生活中積累單詞。2）從樣題復(fù)合式聽力的新聞體裁來分析，建議考生平時(shí)養(yǎng)成收聽VOA、BBC等英文節(jié)目的習(xí)慣。3）要更加強(qiáng)調(diào)短期記憶的能力以及正確拼寫單詞的能力。閱讀理解（深度閱讀）不要認(rèn)為英語閱讀差是由于不懂原文。英語閱讀考查的是基本邏輯思維能力。常識在英語閱讀中也能幫助我們解題閱讀理解（深度閱讀）仔細(xì)閱讀最重要的三項(xiàng)能力：1 提取信息在文章中迅速而有效地找到每道題目的題干所針對的部分這些部分能夠幫助我們提取信息：（

11、1）轉(zhuǎn)折 （2）比較 （3）因果 （4）關(guān)鍵詞2整合信息整理合并信息 根據(jù)不同的題型來對信息進(jìn)行整合四級常見的題型有：（1）細(xì)節(jié)題 （2）詞意題 （3）態(tài)度題 （4）主旨題 文章或某一段的主旨 （5）推理題 （6）例證題 說明，論證了什么 （7）實(shí)驗(yàn)題 實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的，結(jié)果3 邏輯比較把題干與原文的關(guān)系弄清楚閱讀理解（深度閱讀）解題的主要步驟：1 掃描題干關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞的基本要求：名詞 專有名詞最有可能成為關(guān)鍵詞2 瀏覽原文做標(biāo)記3 邏輯比較得答案 閱讀理解（深度閱讀）考點(diǎn)：1 轉(zhuǎn)折比較處轉(zhuǎn)折句或者是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系常常是文章內(nèi)容的強(qiáng)調(diào)處，是作者表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)或者是陳述事物的關(guān)鍵地方。一般而言，轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容是語義

12、的重點(diǎn)，因?yàn)檗D(zhuǎn)折后面的內(nèi)容是作者的真實(shí)意圖所在，所以命題者常常對轉(zhuǎn)折處的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問。轉(zhuǎn)折一般通過however，but, yet, in fact 等詞或短語引導(dǎo)閱讀理解（深度閱讀）例： Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company

13、“has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend” toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television.閱讀理解（深度閱讀）例： Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the d

14、ownsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company “has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend” toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either becau

15、se they are single or they eat in front of television.閱讀理解（深度閱讀）開頭第一句話涵蓋了很多信息。Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts雖然英鎊強(qiáng)勢和亞洲市場萎靡是規(guī)?？s水的一個(gè)原因，但裁員的根源還在于劇烈的社會變遷。閱讀理解（深度閱讀）34. The main cause of th

16、e layoffs in the pottery industry is _. A) the increased value of the pound B) the economic recession in Asia C) the change in peoples way of life D) the fierce competition at home and abroad閱讀理解（深度閱讀）考點(diǎn)：2 舉例處句中常用as, such as, for example, for instance, takeas an example等引導(dǎo)的短語或句子作為例證。閱讀理解（深度閱讀）例： Han

17、cock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth（夸大事實(shí),言過其實(shí)）. But given his results, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might

18、 be best done using email.這是一篇講述交流途徑與說謊頻度的關(guān)系的文章。閱讀理解（深度閱讀）It can be inferred from the passage that_honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communicationsmore employers will use emails to communicate with their employersSuitable media should be chosen for different communication purposesEmail i

19、s now the dominant medium of communication within a company閱讀理解（深度閱讀）例： Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth（夸大事實(shí),言過其實(shí)）.

20、 But given his results, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.A.在人際交流中應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)誠實(shí)。從最后一段來看，作者鼓勵(lì)在銷售時(shí)使用電話以便更能夸大其詞，由此可以看出作者是不看中誠實(shí)與否的問題的。閱讀理解（深度閱讀）It can be inferred from the passage that_honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communicationsmore employers will use

21、 emails to communicate with their employersSuitable media should be chosen for different communication purposesEmail is now the dominant medium of communication within a company 閱讀理解（深度閱讀）例： Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For

22、 instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth（夸大事實(shí),言過其實(shí)）. But given his results, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.B 更多雇主會使用電子郵件與員工交流。最后一段Hancock舉的第二個(gè)例子是鼓勵(lì)人們使用電子郵件的.但這一建議不是要求雇主們使用電子郵件，而是要求雇員們使用。閱

23、讀理解（深度閱讀）It can be inferred from the passage that_honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communicationsmore employers will use emails to communicate with their employersSuitable media should be chosen for different communication purposesEmail is now the dominant medium of communication within

24、 a company 閱讀理解（深度閱讀）例： Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth（夸大事實(shí),言過其實(shí)）. But given his results, work assessment, where h

25、onesty is a priority, might be best done using email.C，應(yīng)針對不同的交流目的，采取合適的媒介。文章最后舉了情況不同的兩個(gè)例子，每個(gè)例子適宜使用的媒介也不同。這說明在特定情況下，應(yīng)選用特定的交流媒介，與C的說法一致。閱讀理解（深度閱讀）It can be inferred from the passage that_honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communicationsmore employers will use emails to communicate with thei

26、r employersSuitable media should be chosen for different communication purposesEmail is now the dominant medium of communication within a company 閱讀理解（深度閱讀）例： Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be th

27、e best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth（夸大事實(shí),言過其實(shí)）. But given his results, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.D，電子郵件目前是公司內(nèi)主要交流媒介。文中沒有提到這一點(diǎn)。 閱讀理解（深度閱讀）It can be inferred from the passage that_honesty should be encouraged in

28、 interpersonal communicationsmore employers will use emails to communicate with their employersSuitable media should be chosen for different communication purposesEmail is now the dominant medium of communication within a company 閱讀理解（深度閱讀）3 因果關(guān)系處 給出原因推斷結(jié)果，或給出結(jié)果推斷原因例：Then there is the general, all c

29、overing apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying “Im useless as a parent” does not commit a person to any specific improvement.閱讀理解（深度閱讀）It is not adv

30、isable to use the general, all-covering apology because_. A)it gets one into the habit of making empty promises B)it may make the other person feel guilty C)it is vague and ineffective D)it is hurtful and insulting閱讀理解（深度閱讀）例：Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessit

31、y of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Then there is the general, all covering apology=which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act= and which the person should promise never to

32、 do again= that was particularly hurtful or insulting= Who is apologizing閱讀理解（深度閱讀）分解為以下幾個(gè)句子：1.Then there is the general, all covering apology然后就有了一種一般意義的、無所不包的道歉2.Which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act這種道歉避免了一種指明特別行為的必要性3.That was particularly hurtful or insulting3特別是讓人傷心或者令人委屈的行為

33、4.And which the person這種道歉使得人們5.Who is apologizing.道歉的人們6.Should promise never to do again承諾以后不再犯類似的行為閱讀理解（深度閱讀）例：Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologiz

34、ing should promise never to do again. 然后還有一種泛泛的無所不包的道歉，這種道歉避免了一種指明特別讓人傷心、特別令人委屈的、道歉者應(yīng)該保證以后不會再犯的具體行為。閱讀理解（深度閱讀）例：Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizin

35、g should promise never to do again. Saying “Im useless as a parent” does not commit a person to any specific improvement. 說“作為父親我真沒有用”是不能對孩子形成具體的指導(dǎo)。閱讀理解（深度閱讀）It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because_. A)it gets one into the habit of making empty promises B)it may make the

36、 other person feel guilty C)it is vague and ineffective D)it is hurtful and insulting閱讀理解（深度閱讀）4 主題句處文章或段落的主旨常以主題句的形式出現(xiàn)，一般位于篇章的開頭或篇末注意事項(xiàng)：1） 看似合理的選項(xiàng)不是答案，看似不合理的選項(xiàng)是答案閱讀理解（深度閱讀）例：Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that could be enjoyed along some of the more famous western routes an

37、d emphasized the romantic names of some of these trains (Empire Builder, etc.). These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order to most effectively reach target audiences. Results were impressive. The Empire Builder, which was foc

38、used on in one ad, enjoyed a 15 percent increase in profits on its Chicago to Seattle route.閱讀理解（深度閱讀）According to the passage, the Empire Builder enjoyed an increase in ridership and profits because _. A) the attractiveness of its name and route was effectively advertised B) it provided an exciting

39、 travel experience C) its passengers could enjoy the great western outdoors D) it was widely advertised in newspapers and magazines in Chicago and Seattle閱讀理解（深度閱讀）2）照抄原文的不是答案，和原文作同義替換的選項(xiàng)是答案選擇 填空I.考點(diǎn)分析：考試形式：與傳統(tǒng)考題的完形相似，但十個(gè)空格有A到O十五個(gè)選項(xiàng)，要求考生選擇正確的單詞填入文章。 Tip：考的就是在上下文中猜測詞義的能力所以這種考察不是莫名其妙的，而是為了糾正我們詞匯學(xué)習(xí)中的一大

40、誤區(qū)：只知背，不會猜。選擇 填空II.解題方法 一、盡量辨性 把十五個(gè)選項(xiàng)按詞性分別歸入名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞等類別。辨性要注意下面幾點(diǎn)。 1.動詞還要兩分，那就是謂語和非謂語動詞。所謂非謂語動詞，就是-ing, -ed, to do型的，其它的都是謂語動詞。但-ed型的有兩種可能性，無法確定的要先打問號。 2.記不得的，看后綴。有構(gòu)詞法中，前綴管意思，后綴管詞性。所以看一個(gè)詞的尾巴，往往能大致分出詞性。請參照附件“英語后綴”。 II.解題方法 一、盡量辨性 3.分不出的，詞性不一定無法確定的，暫時(shí)擱置，不必賭氣誓死糾纏，結(jié)果可能把自己纏死。 4.作出相應(yīng)的標(biāo)記?？芍苯佑米约鹤钋宄姆柷宄?/p>

41、標(biāo)在每個(gè)詞前后。不清楚的都標(biāo)問號。 選擇 填空以真題為例，其選項(xiàng)如上：A) estimate；B) strength；C) deliberately；D) notify；E) tropical；F) phenomenon；G) stable；H) attraction；I) completely；J) destructive；K) starvation；L) bringing；M) exhaustion；N) worth；O) strike 名詞：B,F,H,K,M(B的后綴th, H、K、M的tion都是名詞后綴) 謂語動詞：A,D,O(-ate極可能是動詞，f為動詞后綴) 非謂語動詞：L(

42、-ing結(jié)尾) 形容詞：E, G, J, N(E的-cal, G的able, J的tive是形容詞后綴) 副詞：C和I(ly加在形容詞后為副詞后綴) 以真題為例，其選項(xiàng)如上：注意：所謂的“盡量辨性”一是要窮盡一切辦法，不要說不認(rèn)識就拉倒。即使從沒見過，也想辦法看能否判斷其詞性，這也是閱讀中的要旨。詞的性質(zhì)有時(shí)比詞義還重要。第二是盡量辨了就行，不一定每個(gè)都能辨出來。詞的性質(zhì)并不總是固定的，有些不認(rèn)識的又沒其它辦法，可先擱置，不要過度糾纏。一、靈活求解 將選項(xiàng)分類之后，就得從文章中來尋找對應(yīng)的線索了。選項(xiàng)與文章匹配的因素有兩個(gè):1) 詞性 2) 詞義所以在讀文章時(shí)，要通過各種手段來確定空格的詞性與

43、意義。 確定詞性，確定在選項(xiàng)中的選擇范圍 1)關(guān)于動詞的判斷 a) 前后都是名詞短語，中間是動詞 b) 根據(jù)一句(包括從句)有且只有一個(gè)謂動的原則，其它地方如無謂語動詞，則需要謂語動詞；反之則不需要謂語動詞。Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but.(will后面必然是原形動詞，一起構(gòu)成謂語) Scientists 54 this to be the longest ElNino for 2,000 years.(此句后只有一個(gè)to be，是非謂語動詞，故空格必為謂語動詞；且空格前后

44、均為名詞性，也基本確定它是動詞。) 確定詞性，確定在選項(xiàng)中的選擇范圍 2)其它詞的判斷 形容詞或名詞修飾名詞，限定詞(the, this, that, a, my之類)后必有名詞 This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. (這個(gè)/種奇怪的？，當(dāng)然要一個(gè)名詞了) The hot, humid (潮濕的) air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms.(嚴(yán)重的？風(fēng)暴，可能是形容詞，也可能是名詞) El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. Th

45、e 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.(前面是最高級的修飾語，自然是形容詞。)確定詞性，確定在選項(xiàng)中的選擇范圍 一個(gè)完整的句子之后再跟逗號，后面一般是非謂語動詞短語。 The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. (前面是一個(gè)完整的句子，逗號后跟的，一般是非謂語動詞短語。此題選項(xiàng)中非謂語動詞只有一個(gè)，故直選之。) 確定詞性，確定在選項(xiàng)中的選擇范圍 副詞修飾形容詞或動詞 , but they are still not

46、56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.(修飾形容詞sure, 當(dāng)為副詞) 謂語動詞前有名詞主語 This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.(happens是謂語動詞，也可知前面為名詞短語，缺一個(gè)核心名詞。) 確定詞性，確定在選項(xiàng)中的選擇范圍 介詞后面必有名詞 As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing i

47、n from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C. (在介詞in的后面，當(dāng)為名詞無疑，注意要搞清楚，in有多種意義，此處整個(gè)短語來修飾lessen減少，當(dāng)為在某個(gè)方面減少。) 二、句里句外，猜測詞義 一看搭配：主謂賓、主系表與修飾 詞直接的搭配關(guān)系決定著詞的意義。所以先看它被誰修飾，與誰形成主謂賓關(guān)系?？匆环N關(guān)系不行就看另一個(gè)，靈活處之。This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. Strange修飾47，也許看不出來是什么，再看47與happen形成主謂關(guān)系，能夠發(fā)生的是什么？最好的當(dāng)然是現(xiàn)象。

48、二、句里句外，猜測詞義二看邏輯： 1.句內(nèi)(狀語從句，解釋，并列等) As the trade winds lessen in 48, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C. 此句有一個(gè)狀語從句，as表示的時(shí)間或因果關(guān)系，是重要的解題線索。風(fēng)的什么減少，溫度就上升，當(dāng)然是風(fēng)的速度或風(fēng)力。 So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and flood

49、s, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51. 空格與前面兩個(gè)名詞并列，意味著意思相類。與干旱、收成不好一家的，很容易選出starvation饑荒. 二、句里句外，猜測詞義2.前文(指代等、句間連詞) This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. This告訴我們，此處是重提前面講到過的某個(gè)東西。前面講到過的核心概念就是El Nino, 無疑是一種天氣“現(xiàn)象”。 表示可從前文找相應(yīng)線索的有兩類。 與this一大類的還有：This/these/such; the same/similar; w

50、orse/better/more/less等。 還有就是表示邏輯關(guān)系的句間連詞，或者叫連接副詞。主要的如下。 遞進(jìn)：Moreover/furthermore/whatmore/besides/in addition/even/also 轉(zhuǎn)折：however/but/rather/instead 因果: therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence 二、句里句外，猜測詞義3.后文(總分)El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52

51、weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. 段落開始部分，提出一個(gè)總的概括性的說法。往往在下文有分述。El Nino究竟帶來的是什么樣的天氣，后面一句就交代得十分清楚。三. 看習(xí)慣用法：固定搭配Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over e

52、ight billion pounds 53 of damage. 此處考的是worth這個(gè)詞的特殊用法。它本是一個(gè)形容詞，但可用？worth of sth, 來表明價(jià)值某物的某東西。 III.總結(jié)選擇填空考的是猜測詞義的能力，其核心在于通過各種線索來確定詞性和意義，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)成功匹配。解題方法也相應(yīng)產(chǎn)生。 先通過詞的后綴等對選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行合理的分類，分不出的可先模糊處理。 再通過文章逐一確定空格所需要的詞性和意義。它需要看句子中此詞所處的位置，它的周邊環(huán)境。 有時(shí)甚至需要跳出此句，看前文或后文。如指代詞/句間連詞告訴我們要向前尋找；而段首的抽象表達(dá)可能要從下文找到鑰匙。 選擇 填空翻譯考試的最后一個(gè)

53、階段是翻譯，5分鐘處理5個(gè)句子。四級階段考生受詞匯量和知識結(jié)構(gòu)影響，基本缺乏雙語翻譯的訓(xùn)練和技巧，所以只是蜻蜓點(diǎn)水般做一些知識點(diǎn)練習(xí)，題目并非中高級口譯資格證書考試的考生所形容的：“翻譯難，難于上青天。” 翻譯四級試卷上的翻譯部分，說其簡單無非有三，其一，考題只考查漢譯英，沒有英譯漢。大學(xué)英語精讀教材中，每課都有漢譯英譯句練習(xí)，應(yīng)該是學(xué)生非常熟悉的題型。相比較，考研翻譯中的長句英譯漢則把考生難得死去活來;其二，內(nèi)容單純，不需要專業(yè)理論知識。題目內(nèi)容既沒有高難度的新聞翻譯、文學(xué)翻譯，也不涉及科技經(jīng)貿(mào)翻譯中的專業(yè)知識，只是一般的短句翻譯，沒有大主題語境，也談不上翻譯的“信、達(dá)、雅”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，四級程度學(xué)

54、生可以manageable。第三，名為翻譯，實(shí)為補(bǔ)全句子，考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞組運(yùn)用知識。每句只涉及15個(gè)左右的英語詞，需添入的部分也只有3到8個(gè)單詞，其中隱含著四級水平考生應(yīng)當(dāng)掌握的句型、語法、詞組知識點(diǎn)。翻譯以下是樣題所提供的5個(gè)翻譯句子，我們根據(jù)其內(nèi)容來推測可能考查的知識點(diǎn)：1. The substance does not dissolve in water _(不管是否加熱)。本句意為：不管是否加熱，這種物質(zhì)都不會溶解于水。翻譯1. The substance does not dissolve in water _ (不管是否加熱)。前半句所給的信息并不重要，憑四級詞匯知識可以理解su

55、bstance(物質(zhì))和dissolve(溶解)兩個(gè)單詞的意義?？紤]提示部分的漢語，“不管是否”即“whether or ”，很容易找到這個(gè)對應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)。關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)在于對“加熱”的理解，是主動還是被動處理從上下文意義推斷出是water被加熱，所以我們采用被動方式，即whether (it is) heated or not，填入部分作讓步狀語從句，it is可以被省略。whether (it is) heated or not翻譯1. The substance does not dissolve in water _ (不管是否加熱)?？疾橹攸c(diǎn)：從句知識：尤其讓步狀語從句，注意復(fù)習(xí)whether o

56、r, though, no matter how等表達(dá)的用法。分詞用法：注意辨別現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞，同時(shí)考慮動詞被動語態(tài)的運(yùn)用。whether (it is) heated or not翻譯2. Not only _(他向我收費(fèi)過高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either.本句意為：他不但向我收費(fèi)過高，而且東西修理得不怎么樣。翻譯2. Not only _(他向我收費(fèi)過高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either.本句中要考慮兩個(gè)層面，首先是動詞“收費(fèi)”的對應(yīng)詞，應(yīng)當(dāng)是“ ”。“過高”則往往使用 “ ” ,

57、由于主體內(nèi)容是金錢而不是溫度，我們用經(jīng)常搭配的“ ”。更加巧妙的用詞是“ ”，恰好可以把意思?xì)w并到一起。chargetoo high或too muchmuchovercharge翻譯2. Not only _(他向我收費(fèi)過高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either.還要考慮的是本句中“not onlybut”結(jié)構(gòu)中出現(xiàn)了否定詞前置到句首的現(xiàn)象，自然是倒裝句的標(biāo)志。結(jié)合后半句的一般過去時(shí)形式，我們不得不把助動詞did提煉出來，按照倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯成“Not only did he charge me too much”或者“Not only did he

58、overcharge me”。 did he overcharge me翻譯2. Not only _(他向我收費(fèi)過高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either.考查重點(diǎn)：倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)中的否定詞前置現(xiàn)象。類似的知識點(diǎn)還要注意Never/Neither/Hardly/Scarcely等否定詞在句首的倒裝情況。 did he charge me too much翻譯3. Your losses in trade this year are nothing _(與我的相比)。本句意為：“你在生意中的損失與我的相比不值一題?！狈g3. Your losses i

59、n trade this year are nothing _(與我的相比)。翻譯時(shí)有兩個(gè)知識點(diǎn)容易出錯(cuò)，首先，“與相比”考查詞組知識，四級程度同學(xué)應(yīng)當(dāng)掌握“ ”或者“ ”, 但常有考生把 “compare with”與“compare to”(把比做)混淆，或者沒有考慮過去分詞形式。此外，“我的”應(yīng)當(dāng)使用物主代詞所有格“ ”，此處不宜寫成“ ”。compared within comparison withminemy lossesin comparison with mine翻譯3. Your losses in trade this year are nothing _(與我的相比)。考

60、查重點(diǎn)：詞組知識：需要考生把握大批類似compare with以及名詞形式in comparison with的詞組或短語，其中固定搭配需要使用的介詞/副詞非常重要。分詞形式：在句子中做修飾成分與前者構(gòu)成主動被動關(guān)系至關(guān)重要。in comparison with mine翻譯4.On average, it is said, visitors spend only _(一半的錢) in a day in Leeds as in London.本句意為：據(jù)說，游客平均一天在利茲花掉的錢只有在倫敦的一半那么多。翻譯4.On average, it is said, visitors spend o