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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津鐵道職業(yè)技術學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.問答題
Thepatientneededaspinaltap,andaseniorattendingphysicianaskedamedicalresidentwhetherapreparatorybloodtesthadbeenchecked.Themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearhimanswerintheaffirmative,becauseshewasquitecertainithadnotbeenchecked.
(1)Well,almostcertain.
Doctorsintrainingsometimesconfrontsituationsinwhichtheyworrythattheirsupervisingphysiciansaremakingmistakesorbendingthetruth.(2)Yeteventhoughsuchactscanjeopardizepatients,theinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupishamperedbythehierarchiesinteachinghospitals.
Onthetopweretheseniorphysicianswhomaderoundsonthewardsonceortwicedaily.Nextweretheoverworkedresidents,whoessentiallylivedinthehospitalwhiletraining.(3)Lastwerethemedicalstudentswhoweremostassuredlyatthebottomoftheheap.
Thestudentwhoseresidentseeminglyliedtotheattendingphysicianaboutthebloodtestdidnotspeakup.Theresidentwasagooddoctor,shesaid,andsoshehadgivenhimthebenefitofthedoubt.And,sheadded,boththeresidentandtheattendingphysicianwouldbegradingher.
Whatshouldamedicalstudentdoinsuchasituation?Onepossibilityistotakethematterupwithamoreseniordoctor.Orthestudentmightgodirectlytothepatientorfamily,tellingthemthatthephysicianshaveagenuinedisagreementandthattheydeservetoknowaboutit.
Theseoptionsseemlogicalonpaper.AstheethicistJamesDwyerhaswritteninTheHastingsCenterReport,“Thepracticeofalwayskeepingquietisafailureofcaring.”(4)Butintherealworld,itmaybeextremelydifficulttogoupthechainofcommand.
Fortunately,medicaleducatorsareincreasinglyrecognizingthedilemmasthatdoctorsintrainingconfrontwhentheywitnessbehaviorthatmakesthemuncomfortable.(5)Studentsandresidentsarenowexpectedtoprovideroutinefeedback—positiveandnegative—abouttheirsupervisingphysiciansatthecloseoftheirrotation.
Ofcourse,physiciansandstudentsneedtobeeducatedabouthowtogivefeedbackinprofessionalandnon-confrontationalways.Medicaleducatorsareonlynowbeginningtoteachthisskill.Still,itwillbehardtochangetheunfortunateperceptionthatconstructivefeedback,evenforapatient’sbenefit,iswhistle-blowing.
【答案】答:
1.Almostcertainly,themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearsuchananswerfromhissupervisor.
2.Theinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupisstoppedbythehospitalhierarchies,despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians.
3.Atthebottomofhierarchywerethosemedicalstudentsassuredly.
4.Butinrealhospitalenvironment,itisratherdifficultformedicalstudentstogiveacommand.
5.Medicalstudentsandresidentsshouldmakeregularfeedbackabouttheirsupervisingphysicians,positivelyandnegativelyattheendoftheirrotation.
【解析】1.原文句意是:嗯,幾乎可以肯定。原文這一句是對上文的肯定,上文提到Themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearhimanswerintheaffirmative,becauseshewasquitecertainithadnotbeenchecked.(學醫(yī)的學生聽到他的回答很吃驚,因為她很肯定沒有經(jīng)過檢查),所以改寫的時候需要結合上文的內(nèi)容來進行擴充,故改寫為Almostcertainly,themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearsuchananswerfromhissupervisor(幾乎可以肯定的是,醫(yī)學院的學生聽到他的導師這樣的回答感到很震驚)。
2.原文句意是:然而,即使這樣的行為可能危及病人,但教學醫(yī)院的等級制度阻礙了年輕醫(yī)生發(fā)言的傾向和能力。前半句是讓步狀語從句,并且actscanjeopardizepatients指的是作為指導醫(yī)生,他們的錯誤行為危害到病人的健康,所以可以改寫為despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians(盡管指導醫(yī)生出現(xiàn)了一些錯誤);后半句中的hamper可以用stop來替代,所以句子改寫為Theinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupisstoppedbythehospitalhierarchies,despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians(醫(yī)院的等級制度阻止了年輕醫(yī)生說話的傾向和能力,盡管指導醫(yī)生出現(xiàn)了一些錯誤)。
3.原文句意是:最后,處于等級最下層的肯定是這些醫(yī)學生。atthebottomoftheheap(在底層)指的是等級制度的底層,所以可以改寫為atthebottomofhierarchy;另外who引導的定語從句是修飾強調(diào)的,所以句式可以精簡,故這個句子可改寫為Atthebottomofhierarchywerethosemedicalstudentsassuredly(在等級制度的最底層肯定是那些醫(yī)科學生)。
4.原文句意是:但在現(xiàn)實世界中,要爬上指揮鏈可能極其困難。根據(jù)文章語境,inrealworld(在現(xiàn)實世界中)指的就是在醫(yī)院環(huán)境中,而thechainofcommand(指揮鏈)的對象指的則是位于底層的醫(yī)學生;故該句子可以改寫為Butinrealhospitalenvironment,itisratherdifficultformedicalstudentstogiveacommand(但在現(xiàn)實的醫(yī)院環(huán)境中,醫(yī)學生想要得到指揮權是相當困難的)。
5.原文句意是:學生和住院醫(yī)師現(xiàn)在被要求在輪班結束時對他們的指導醫(yī)生提供常規(guī)的正面和負面反饋。routine(常規(guī)的)可以改為regular(定期的,普通的);positiveandnegative在原文中是作為插入語使用,所以可以改為positivelyandnegatively;故該句可改寫為Medicalstudentsandresidentsshouldmakeregularfeedbackabouttheirsupervisingphysicians,positivelyandnegativelyattheendoftheirrotation(醫(yī)學生和住院醫(yī)師應該在輪崗結束時,定期對他們的指導醫(yī)生做出正面和負面反饋)。
2.單選題
Artistictechniquescan______thetheatricalperformancesandexpressions.
問題1選項
A.underwrite
B.underscore
C.underlie
D.underplay
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項underwrite“承擔經(jīng)濟責任,提供財力支持”,B項underscore“強調(diào);劃線于……下”,C項underlie“成為……的基礎;位于……之下”,D項underplay“表演不充分;對……輕描淡寫”。根據(jù)句子意思“藝術技巧可以……戲劇表演和表達”,可推斷,空格處填入underscore“加強,突出”符合語境。句意:藝術技巧可以突出戲劇表演和表現(xiàn)。因此,該題選擇B項正確。
3.單選題
Maryhasjustboughtherself______dress.
問題1選項
A.anexpensivebluecotton
B.acottonblueexpensive
C.ablueexpensivecotton
D.acottonexpensiveblue
【答案】A
【解析】【選項釋義】
A.anexpensivebluecotton一條昂貴的藍色的棉質(zhì)的B.acottonblueexpensive一條棉質(zhì)的藍色的昂貴的
C.ablueexpensivecotton一條藍色的昂貴的棉質(zhì)的D.acottonexpensiveblue一條棉質(zhì)的昂貴的藍色的
【考查點】形容詞排序。
【解題思路】英語中當名詞前有多個形容詞做定語時,這些形容詞通常遵循一定的排序規(guī)則:限定詞(冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞、數(shù)詞等)+表示觀點的描述性形容詞+形狀、大小、長短、高低+年齡、新舊+顏色+國籍、地區(qū)+物質(zhì)材料+中心詞;所以這里的空格應該填anexpensivebluecotton,A項正確。
【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項都不符合形容詞排序規(guī)則。
【句意】瑪麗剛給自己買了一件昂貴的藍色棉質(zhì)裙子。
4.單選題
OneoftheprincipalthemesofWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthatitisinsufficientlyegalitarian.Walzer’scaseagainsttheeconomicinequalitygeneratedbycapitalismandinfavorof“aradicalredistributionofwealth”ispresentedinawidelycitedessayentitled“InDefenseofEquality.”
ThemoststrikingfeatureofWalzer’scritiqueisthat,farfromrejectingtheprincipleofrewardaccordingtomerit,Walzerinsistsonitsvalidity.Peoplewhoexcelshouldreceivethesuperiorbenefitsappropriatetotheirexcellence.Butpeopleexhibitagreatvarietyofqualities-“intelligence,physicalstrength,agilityandgrace,artisticcreativity,mechanicalskill,leadership,endurance,memory,psychologicalinsight,thecapacityforhardworkevenmoralstrength,sensitivity,theabilitytoexpresscompassion.”Eachdeservesitsproperrecompense,andhenceaproperdistributionofmaterialgoodsshouldreflecthumandifferencesasmeasuredonallthesedifferentscales.Yet,undercapitalism,theabilitytomakemoney(“thegreenthumbofbourgeoissociety”)enablesitspossessortoacquirealmost“everyothersortofsocialgood’’,suchastherespectandesteemofothers.
ThecenterpieceofWalzer’sargumentistheinvocationofaquotationfromPascal'sPensees,whichconcludes:“tyrannyisthewishtoobtainbyonemeanswhatcanonlybehadbyanother”.Pascalbelievesthatweowedifferentdutiestodifferentqualities,sowemightsaythatinfatuationistheproperresponsetocharm,andawetheproperresponsetostrength.Inthislight,Walzercharacterizescapitalismasthetyrannyofmoney(oroftheabilitytomakeit).AndWalzeradvocatesthemeansofeliminatingthistyrannyandofrestoringgenuineequality,theabolitionofthepowerofmoneyoutsideitssphere”.WhatWalzerenvisionsisasocietyinwhichwealthisnolongerconvertibleintosocialgoodswithwhichithasnointrinsicconnection.Walzer'sargumentisapuzzlingone.Afterall,whyshouldthosequalitiesunrelatedtotheproductionofmaterialgoodsberewardedwithmaterialgoods?Isitnottyrannical,inPascal’ssense,toinsistthatthosewhoexcelin“sensitivity”or“theabilitytoexpresscompassion”meritequalwealthwiththosewhoexcelinqualities(suchas“thecapacityforhardwork”)essentialinproducingwealth?YetWalzer'sargument,howeverdeficient,doespointtooneofthemostseriousweaknessesofcapitalism-namely,thatitbringstopredominantpositionsinasocietypeoplewho,nomatterhowlegitimatelytheyhaveearnedtheirmaterialrewards,oftenlackthoseotherqualitiesthatevokeaffectionoradmiration.Someevenargueplausiblythatthisweaknessmaybeirremediable:inanysocietythat,likeacapacitysociety,seekstobecomeeverwealthierinmaterialterms,disproportionaterewardsareboundtoflowtothepeoplewhoareinstrumentalinproducingtheincreaseinitswealth.
1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto().
2.TheauthormentionsallofthefollowingasissuesaddressedbyWalzerEXCEPT().
3.Theauthor'sinterpretationoftheprinciplethat“weowedifferentdutiestodifferentqualities(Para.3)suggestthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybethedutypairedwiththequalityofveracity?
4.TheauthorimpliesthatWalzer'sinterpretationoftheprincipleofrewardaccordingtomeritisdistinctiveforits().
5.Thepassageprovidessufficientinformationtoanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?
問題1選項
A.arguethatWalzer'scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthecornerstoneofWalzer'sthinking
B.identityandtodeprecatetheoriginsoftheintellectualtraditionchampionedby
C.presentmoreclearlythandoestheessayInDefenseofEqualitythedistinctivefeaturesofWalzer'spolitico-economictheories
D.outlineandtoexaminecriticallyWalzer'spositiononeconomicequality
問題2選項
A.properlevelofasociety'swealth
B.properinterpretationof"economicequality"
C.properrecompenseforindividualexcellence
D.groundsforcallingcapitalism"thetyrannyofmoney"
問題3選項
A.Dignity
B.Affection
C.Trust
D.Obedience
問題4選項
A.insistenceonmaximizingeveryone'srewards
B.broadconceptionofwhatconstitutesmerit
C.provenvalidity
D.emphasisonequality
問題5選項
A.WhichqualitydoesWalzerdeemtoohighlyvaluedunderliberalcapitalism?
B.Whatweightinrelationtootherqualitiesshouldaqualitylikesensitivityhave,accordingtoWalzer,indeterminingtheproperdistributionofgoods?
C.Whicharethesocialgoodsthatare,accordingtoWalzer,outsidethereachofthepowerofmoney?
D.WhatpracticalstepsdoesWalzersuggestbetakentorelievetheeconomicinequalitygeneratedbycapitalism?
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:A
【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章的主要目的是什么?”文章第一段提出沃爾則對自由資本主義的批判的主要主題之一就是它的不平等(OneoftheprincipalthemesofWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthatitisinsufficientlyegalitarian);第二段和第三段概述和分析了他的經(jīng)濟平等的觀點,因此選項D。
2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“除了以下哪一項,其他都是沃爾則提出的?”文章第二段提到“那些出類拔萃的人應該得到與其能力相稱的待遇”(Peoplewhoexcelshouldreceivethesuperiorbenefitsappropriatetotheirexcellence),因此可知選項C在文章中被提及,排除;文章第二段提到“每種品質(zhì)都應該得到適當?shù)膱蟪辏虼?,需要一個合適的物質(zhì)分配來反映出人類不同品質(zhì)的差別”(Eachdeservesitsproperrecompense,andhenceaproperdistributionofmaterialgoodsshouldreflecthumandifferencesasmeasuredonallthesedifferentscales),由此可知選項B在文章中被提及,排除;文章第三段提到“據(jù)此,沃爾則將資本主義描述為金錢(或賺錢能力)的暴政”(Inthislight,Walzercharacterizescapitalismasthetyrannyofmoney(oroftheabilitytomakeit)),由此可知選項D在文章中被提及,排除。綜上,選項A符合題意。
3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“作者對‘我們對不同的品質(zhì)負有不同的責任’這一原則的解釋表明,下列哪一項最有可能與誠實品質(zhì)相對應的責任?”文章第三段第二句話提到“帕斯卡認為,我們對不同的品質(zhì)負有不同的責任,所以我們可以說,迷戀是對魅力的正確反應,敬畏是對力量的正確反應”(Pascalbelievesthatweowedifferentdutiestodifferentqualities,sowemightsaythatinfatuationistheproperresponsetocharm,andawetheproperresponsetostrength),由此可知對“誠實品質(zhì)”正確的反應是“信賴”,因此選項C符合題意。
4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者認為沃爾則對于按勞分配原則的解釋是獨特的,是因為……”文章第二段提到了人們表現(xiàn)出的各種品質(zhì),比如智力、體力、敏捷、優(yōu)雅、藝術創(chuàng)造力、領導能力、耐力、記憶力、洞察力等等,每種品質(zhì)都值得回報,因此需要一個適合的物質(zhì)分配來反映出不同品質(zhì)的差別(Eachdeservesitsproperrecompense,andhenceaproperdistributionofmaterialgoodsshouldreflecthumandifferencesasmeasuredonallthesedifferentscales),因此選項B“構成品質(zhì)的廣義的概念”符合題意。
5.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“文章為解答下列哪個問題提供了充足的信息?”文章第二段提到“然而在資本主義制度下,賺錢能力使其擁有者獲得機會所有其他類型的社會福利,比如他人的尊重和自尊”(Yet,undercapitalism,theabilitytomakemoney(“thegreenthumbofbourgeoissociety”)enablesitspossessortoacquirealmost“everyothersortofsocialgood”,suchastherespectandesteemofothers);文章第三段提到“據(jù)此,沃爾則將資本主義描述為金錢(或賺錢能力)的暴政”(Inthislight,Walzercharacterizescapitalismasthetyrannyofmoney(oroftheabilitytomakeit)),由此可知選項A“沃爾則認為自由資本主義下高估了的那些品質(zhì)”符合題意。
5.不定項選擇題
Informationistheprimarycommodityinmoreandmoreindustriestoday.
By2005,83%ofAmericanmanagementpersonnelwillbeknowledgeworker.EuropeandJapanarenotfarbehind.
By2005,halfofallknowledgeworkers(22%ofthelaborforce)willchoose“flextime,flexplace,flexarrangements,whichallowthemtoworkathome,communicatingwiththeofficeviacomputernetworks.
IntheUnitedStates,theso-called“digitaldivide”seemstobedisappearing.Inearly2000apollfoundthat,wherehalfofwhitehouseholdsownedcomputers,sodidfully43%ofAfrican-Americanhouseholds,andtheirnumberweregrowingrapidly.Hispanichouseholdscontinuedtolagbehind,buttheirrateofcomputerownershipwasexpandingaswell.
Company-ownedandindustry-widetelevisionnetworksarebringingprogrammingtothousandsoflocations.BusinessTVisbecomingbigbusiness.
Computercompetencewillapproach100%inUSurbanareasbytheyear2005,withEuropeandJapannotfarbehind.
80%ofUShomeswillhavecomputersin2005,comparedwithroughly50%now.
IntheUnitedStates,5ofthe10fastest-growingcareersbetweennowand2005willbecomputerrelated.Demandforprogrammersandsystemsanalystswillgrowby70%.ThesametrendisacceleratinginEurope,JapanandIndia.
By2005,nearlyallcollegetextsandmanyhighschoolandjuniorhighbookswillbetiedtoInternetsitesthatprovidesourcesmaterial,studyexercises,andrelevantnewsarticlestoaidinlearning.OtherswillcomewithCD-ROMsthatoffersimilarresources.
Internetlinkswillprovideaccesstothecardcataloguesofallthemajorlibrariesintheworldby2005.ItwillbepossibletocalluponaPCscreenmillionsofvolumesfromdistantlibraries.Websitesenhancebooksbyprovidingpictures,sound,film,clips,andflexibleindexingandsearchutilities.
Implications:AnyonewithaccesstotheInternetwillbeabletoachievetheeducationneededtobuildaproductivelifeinanincreasinglyhigh-techworld.ComputerlearningmayevenreducethegrowingAmericaprisonpopulation.
Knowledgeworkersaregenerallybetterpaidthanless-skilledworkers.Theirwealthisraisingoverallprosperity.
Evenentry-levelworkersandthoseinformerlyunskilledpositionsrequireagrowinglevelofeducation.Foragoodcareerinalmostanyfield,computercompetenceisamust.Thisisonemajortrendraisingthelevelofeducationrequiredforaproductiveroleintoday’sworkforce.Formanyworkers,theopportunityfortrainingisbecomingoneofthemostdesirablebenefitsanyjobcanoffer.
1.InformationtechnologyisexpectedtohaveimpactonallthefollowingEXCEPT(
).
2.“digitaldivide”inthe4thparagraphrefersto(
).
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaccordingtothepassage?
4.Whichofthefollowingareasisnotdiscussedinthepassage?
5.Attheendofthepassage,theauthorseemstoemphasize(
)inanincreasinglyhigh-techworld.
問題1選項
A.Americanmanagementpersonnel
B.Europeanmanagementpersonnel
C.Americanpeople’schoiceofcareer
D.traditionalpracticeatwork
問題2選項
A.thegapintermsofcomputerownership
B.thetendencyofcomputerownership
C.thedividinglinebasedondigits
D.theethnicdistinctionamongAmericanhouseholds
問題3選項
A.By2005allcollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillturnelectronic.
B.By2005printedcollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillbesupplementedwithelectronicmaterial.
C.By2005somecollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillbeaccompaniedbyCD-ROMs.
D.By2005Internetlinksmakeworldwidelibrarysearchapossibility.
問題4選項
A.futurecareers
B.Natureoffuturework
C.ethnicdifferences
D.Schoolsandlibraries
問題5選項
A.thevarietyofeducation
B.thecontentofeducation
C.theneedforeducation
D.thefunctionofeducation
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:C
【解析】第1題:事實細節(jié)題。
A選項“美國管理人員”,第一步,精準定位,定位到第二段By2005,83%ofAmericanmanagementpersonnelwillbeknowledgeworker.EuropeandJapanarenotfarbehind.(到2005年,83%的美國管理人員將是知識工作者。歐洲和日本也緊隨其后);
B選項“歐洲管理人員”,同A選項解析;
C選項“美國人對職業(yè)的選擇”,定位到第三段By2005,halfofallknowledgeworkers(22%ofthelaborforce)willchoose“flextime,flexplace,flexarrangements…”(到2005年,一半的知識型員工(22%的勞動力)將選擇“彈性工作時間、彈性工作地點、彈性安排……),由此可知C選項排除;
D選項“工作中的傳統(tǒng)做法”,文章沒有提及,這里屬于無中生有,所以答案選D。
第2題:判斷推理題。第一步,尋找句內(nèi)線索,定位到第四段第二句話Inearly2000apollfoundthat,wherehalfofwhitehouseholdsownedcomputers,sodidfully43%ofAfrican-Americanhouseholds,andtheirnumberweregrowingrapidly(2000年初的一項民意調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),一半的白人家庭擁有電腦,43%的非裔美國家庭也擁有電腦,而且這一數(shù)字還在迅速增長),這句話解釋了前文的數(shù)字鴻溝的消失,第二步,尋找上下文線索,第四段第一句內(nèi)容是數(shù)字鴻溝在消失,而這句內(nèi)容是黑人家庭電腦擁有率和白人家庭的差不多了,而且黑人家庭電腦擁有率還在上升,所以從這里可知數(shù)字鴻溝指的是A選項“計算機所有權方面的差距”;
B選項“計算機所有權的趨勢”,由上可知,無論是黑人還是白人,電腦的擁有量都是在增加的,屬于曲意理解。
C選項“基于數(shù)字的分界線”,文中沒有提及,屬于無中生有。
D選項“美國家庭的種族差異”,文中沒有提及,屬于無中生有。
第3題:判斷推理題。A選項“到2005年,所有大學和學校的學習材料都將電子化”;B選項“到2005年,大學和學校的學習材料將由電子材料補充”;C選項“到2005年,一些大學和學校的學習資料將附有唯讀光碟?!?;D選項“到2005年,因特網(wǎng)連接使全球圖書館搜索成為可能。”。定位到文章第九段By2005,nearlyallcollegetextsandmanyhighschoolandjuniorhighbookswillbetiedtoInternetsitesthatprovidesourcesmaterial,studyexercises,andrelevantnewsarticlestoaidinlearning.OtherswillcomewithCD-ROMsthatoffersimilarresources.(到2005年,幾乎所有的大學課本以及許多高中和初中的課本都將與提供資料來源、學習練習和相關新聞文章的網(wǎng)站綁定,以幫助學習。其他的將附帶提供類似資源的cd-rom)從這里可知B、C選項正確,A選項錯誤,所以答案選A;第十段第一句話Internetlinkswillprovideaccesstothecardcataloguesofallthemajorlibrariesintheworldby2005(到2005年,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將提供世界上所有主要圖書館的卡片目錄),從這里可知選項D正確,所以不選。
第4題:判斷推理題。句意:下列那個領域沒有在文章中討論。A選項“未來職業(yè)”;B選項“未來職業(yè)的性質(zhì)”;C選項“種族差距”;D選項“學校和圖書館”。A選項定位到第二段By2005,83%ofAmericanmanagementpersonnelwillbeknowledgeworker.EuropeandJapanarenotfarbehind.(到2005年,83%的美國管理人員將是知識工作者。歐洲和日本也緊隨其后),從這里可知選項A話題有提及;定位到第四段第二句話Inearly2000apollfoundthat,wherehalfofwhitehouseholdsownedcomputers,sodidfully43%ofAfrican-Americanhouseholds,andtheirnumberweregrowingrapidly(2000年初的一項民意調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),一半的白人家庭擁有電腦,43%的非裔美國家庭也擁有電腦,而且這一數(shù)字還在迅速增長)這里講述了美國的數(shù)字鴻溝,討論了種族之間的差距,所以C選項文章有提及;D選項定位到文章第九段By2005,nearlyallcollegetextsandmanyhighschoolandjuniorhighbookswillbetiedtoInternetsitesthatprovidesourcesmaterial,studyexercises,andrelevantnewsarticlestoaidinlearning.OtherswillcomewithCD-ROMsthatoffersimilarresources.(到2005年,幾乎所有的大學課本以及許多高中和初中的課本都將與提供資料來源、學習練習和相關新聞文章的網(wǎng)站綁定,以幫助學習。其他的將附帶提供類似資源的cd-rom)這里可知D選項文章有提及;所以答案選B。
第5題:判斷推理題。題干:在文章的最后,作者似乎強調(diào)了()在這個日益高科技的世界。A選項“教育的多樣”;B選項“教育的內(nèi)容”;C選項“教育的需求”;D選項“未來的教育”。最后一段第一二句Evenentry-levelworkersandthoseinformerlyunskilledpositionsrequireagrowinglevelofeducation.(即使是入門級工人和那些以前沒有技能的崗位也需要不斷提高教育水平。),從這句可以看出來教育無論對誰來說都是很必要的,所以答案選C;A、B、D選項屬于無中生有。
6.單選題
Nervesignalsmaytravelthroughnerveormusclefibersatspeedsashighastwohundredmilesperhour.
問題1選項
A.velocities
B.impulses
C.ratios
D.atrocities
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項velocities“速度”;B選項impulses“脈沖”;C選項ratios“比率”;D選項atrocities“暴行,殘忍”。句意:神經(jīng)信號通過神經(jīng)纖維或肌肉纖維的速度可達每小時200英里。句子中的劃線部分含義“速度”,與A選項最為接近,因此A選項符合題意。
7.單選題
Thesedifficultiesshouldnothinderus[A]fromestablishingnormalstaterelations,[B]stillless[C]theyshouldleadto[D]war.
問題1選項
A.fromestablishing
B.stillless
C.theyshould
D.war
【答案】C
【解析】【答案】C
【考查點】倒裝句。
【解題思路】否定詞less置于句首,句子使用部分倒裝,謂語動詞把情態(tài)動詞或助動詞放在主語之前,因此,這里要將C選項改為shouldthey。
【句意】這些困難不應妨礙我們建立正常的國家關系,更不應導致戰(zhàn)爭。
8.單選題
Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity(緊縮)programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.Thisperiodwasmoredisastrousforfarmersthanearliertimeshadbeen,becausefarmerswerenolongerself-sufficient.Theywerepayingformachinery,seed,andfertilizer,andtheywerealsobuyingconsumergoods.Thepricesoftheitemsfarmersboughtremainedconstant,whilepricestheyreceivedfortheirproductsfell.ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1930s.
In1929,underPresidentHerbertHoover,heFederalFarmBoardwasorganized.Itestablishedtheprincipleofdirectinterferencewithsupplyanddemand,anditrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.
PresidentHoover’ssuccessorattachedevenmoreimportancetothisproblem.OneofthefirstmeasuresproposedbyPresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltwhenhetookofficein1933wastheAgriculturalAdjustmentAct,whichwassubsequentlypassedbyCongress.ThislawgavetheSecretaryofAgriculturethepowertoreduceproductionthroughvoluntaryagreementswithfarmerswhowerepaidtotaketheirlandoutofuse.Adeliberatescarcityoffarmproductswasplannedinanefforttoraiseprices.ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingcollectedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.However,newlawswerepassedimmediatelythatachievedthesameresultofrestingsoilandprovidingflood-controlmeasures,butwhichwerebasedontheprincipleofsoilconservation.TheRooseveltAdministrationbelievedthatrebuildingthenation’ssoilwasinthenationalinterestandwasnotsimplyaplantohelpfarmersattheexpenseofothercitizens.Laterthegovernmentguaranteedloanstofarmerssothattheycouldbuyfarmmachinery,hybrid(雜交)grain,andfertilizers.
6.WhatbroughtaboutthedeclineinthedemandforAmericanfarmproducts?
7.ThechiefconcernoftheAmericangovernmentintheareaofagricultureinthe1920swas______.
8.TheAgriculturalAdjustmentActencouragedAmericanfarmersto______.
9.TheSupremeCourtrejectedtheAgriculturalAdjustmentActbecauseitbelievedthattheAct______.
10.ItwasclaimedthatthenewlawspassedduringtheRooseveltAdministrationwereaimedat______.
問題1選項
A.TheimpactoftheGreatDepression.
B.Theshrinkingofoverseasmarkets.
C.ThedestructioncausedbytheFirstWorldWar.
D.TheincreasedexportsofEuropeancountries.
問題2選項
A.toincreasefarmproduction
B.toestablishagriculturallaws
C.topreventfarmersfromgoingbankrupt
D.topromotethemechanizationofagriculture
問題3選項
A.reducetheirscaleofproduction
B.makefulluseoftheirland
C.adjustthepricesoftheirfarmproducts
D.beself-sufficientinagriculturalproduction
問題4選項
A.mightcausegreaterscarcityoffarmproducts
B.didn’tgivetheSecretaryofAgricultureenoughpower
C.wouldbenefitneitherthegovernmentnorthefarmers
D.benefitedonegroupofcitizensattheexpenseofothers
問題5選項
A.reducingthecostoffarming
B.conservingsoilinthelong-terminterestofthenation
C.loweringtheburdenoffarmers
D.helpingfarmerswithoutshiftingtheburdenontoothertaxpayers
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】6.【選項釋義】
6.WhatbroughtaboutthedeclineinthedemandforAmericanfarmproducts?6.是什么導致了對美國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求的下降?
A.TheimpactoftheGreatDepression.
A.大蕭條的影響。
B.Theshrinkingofoverseasmarkets.B.海外市場的萎縮。
C.ThedestructioncausedbytheFirstWorldWar.C.第一次世界大戰(zhàn)造成的破壞。
D.TheincreasedexportsofEuropeancountries.D.歐洲國家出口的增加。
【考查點】事實細節(jié)題
【解題思路】第一步,精準定位,定位到第一段第一句“在20世紀20年代對美國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的需求下降,歐洲國家開始從第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中恢復和制定緊縮項目以減少進口”,第二步綜合理解,由此可知是歐洲從戰(zhàn)后恢復過來了對美國的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求減少了(reducetheirimports),所以B選項“海外市場的萎縮”正確。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“大蕭條的影響”,定位到第一段最后一句話“大蕭條使這些發(fā)展變得更糟(madeworsebytheGreatDepression)”,大蕭條使情況變糟,這不是美國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品對外出口減少的原因,這里屬于出處錯誤;
C選項“第一次世界大戰(zhàn)造成的破壞”,見正確解析,是一戰(zhàn)的影響導致歐洲需要進口美國的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品從而美國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展起來了,而不是一戰(zhàn)造成的破壞使美國農(nóng)業(yè)出口量下降,這里屬于反向干擾;
D選項“歐洲國家出口的增加”,文章沒有提及,這里屬于無中生有。
7.【選項釋義】
7.ThechiefconcernoftheAmericangovernmentintheareaofagricultureinthe1920swas______.
7.20世紀20年代,美國政府在農(nóng)業(yè)領域最關心的是______。
A.toincreasefarmproductionA.增加農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)
B.toestablishagriculturallawsB.制定農(nóng)業(yè)法律
C.topreventfarmersfromgoingbankruptC.防止農(nóng)民破產(chǎn)
D.topromotethemechanizationofagricultureD.推進農(nóng)業(yè)機械化
【考查點】推理判斷題
【解題思路】第一步,尋找句內(nèi)線索,定位到第二段第二句話“它確立了直接干預供求關系的原則,并代表了第一個為農(nóng)民提供更大經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定性(greatereconomicstabilityforfarmers)的國家承諾?!钡诙剑瑢ふ疑舷挛木€索,經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定性就暗含著國家兜底保護農(nóng)民免于破產(chǎn)之災,所以C選項“防止農(nóng)民破產(chǎn)”正確。
【干擾項排除】
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