2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)92

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

TheTitanicturnedjustintimeandnarrowlymissedtobestruckbytheimmensewallofice

A

B

whichroseover100feetoutofthewaterbesideher.

C

D

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.just

B.tobestruck

C.rose

D.beside

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。missdoingsth.意為“避免做某事”，此處表示被動(dòng)，因此用過(guò)去分詞。

試題答案：B;beingstruck

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

Afteryearsofexpansion,thesmartphonemarketispeaking.Somefirmsstillthrive:China'sHuawei,atelecomsgiant,predictsthatrevenuesfromitsconsumer-devicesdivisionwillrisebyabout50%thisyear.ButXiaomi,aninnovativeelectronicsfirmonceseenasChina'sanswertoApple,islosingsteam.AppleitselfannouncedweakerresultsonApril26th.RevenuesfromsalesingreaterChinafellby26%yearonyear.Asthemarketfordevicesmatures,however,consumerspendingisshiftingtoservices:datausagehasgrownattriple-digitratessince2012.

UntillastyearhousepriceswererisingpredominantlyinprosperouscentralLondonboroughs.Thatwaslargelybecauseofaninfluxofcash-richbuyers,saysNealHudsonofSavills,anestateagency.Peoplesawposhpropertyinthecapitalasashelterfromeconomicturmoilabroad.ElsewhereinBritain,however,thehousingmarketwastorpid.Potentialbuyersstruggledtofindmortgages.Fallingrealwages,economicuncertaintyandthememoryofplummetinghousepricesduringthecrisiscurbedtheobsessionwithpropertyintheseareas.

【答案】經(jīng)過(guò)多年的擴(kuò)張，智能手機(jī)市場(chǎng)正處于頂峰狀態(tài)。一些企業(yè)仍在茁壯成長(zhǎng)：中國(guó)電信巨頭華為預(yù)測(cè)，其自身消費(fèi)設(shè)備部門今年的收入將增長(zhǎng)約50%。然而，曾經(jīng)被看成是中國(guó)對(duì)蘋果公司競(jìng)爭(zhēng)回應(yīng)的一家創(chuàng)新性電子公司小米卻正在失去收入增加的動(dòng)力。在4月26日，蘋果自己也宣布了較弱的業(yè)績(jī)。蘋果在大中華地區(qū)銷售額同比下降26%。然而，隨著電子設(shè)備市場(chǎng)的成熟，消費(fèi)者的支出也正在轉(zhuǎn)向服務(wù)方面：自2012年以來(lái)，數(shù)據(jù)流量使用一直保持三位數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)率。

直到去年，在繁榮的倫敦市中心地區(qū)的房?jī)r(jià)一直在顯著上升。房地產(chǎn)中介第一太平戴維斯公司(SaviHs)的尼爾?哈德遜(NealHudson)聲稱，這在很大程度上是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)金充裕的買家涌入。人們把首都的高檔房產(chǎn)看作是國(guó)外經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)蕩的避風(fēng)港。然而，在英國(guó)的其他地方，房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)卻是萎靡不振的。潛在買家為了找到抵押貸款而苦苦掙扎。在經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)期間，實(shí)際工資的下降、經(jīng)濟(jì)的不穩(wěn)定性和對(duì)房?jī)r(jià)暴跌的記憶都遏制了英國(guó)人對(duì)這些地區(qū)房地產(chǎn)的癡迷。

3.翻譯題

Unemploymentandinflation

Thebest-knownapplicationofrationalexpectationsmodelshasbeentoaninterpretationoftheobservedrelationbetweenunemploymentandinflation.A.W.Phillips(1958)notedanegativerelationbetweentheunemploymentrateandthewageinflationrateintheUnitedKingdombetween1861and1957.AsimilarrelationwasfoundalsointheUnitedStatesformuchofthesamesampleperiod.Sincethen,thenegativerelationhasbrokendown.Lucas(1976)andSargentandWallace(1973)offeredinterpretationsofthePhillipsrelationanditssubsequentbreakdown.Initssimplestterms:thisinterpretationassertsthattheremaybeastablerelationbetweenunemploymentandunexpectedinflation.Unexpectedinflationmaycausejobseekerstomisperceivetherealvalueofwageofferstheyhavereceived,andthustoacceptoffersthattheywouldnothaveacceptediftheyhadknownthetruerealwagetheyweregetting.Byacceptingthesejobs,theylowertheunemploymentrate.IntheperiodPhillipsstudiedthepricelevelmighthavebeenwell-enoughapproximatedbyarandomwalkthatactualinflationmayhaveapproximatelyequaledunexpectedinflation.Sincethen,wheninflationhasbecomemuchmoreseriallycorrelated,actualandexpectedinflationmayhavedivergedwidely.

【答案】失業(yè)和通貨膨脹

最著名的理性預(yù)期模型的應(yīng)用己經(jīng)是對(duì)觀察到的失業(yè)率和通貨膨脹之間關(guān)系的一種解釋。A.W.Phniips（1958）指出，在1861年至1957年，聯(lián)合王國(guó)的失業(yè)率與工資通貨膨脹率之間存在著消極關(guān)系。在美國(guó)也發(fā)現(xiàn)了類似的關(guān)系，大部分是相同的樣本周期。從那時(shí)起，消極的關(guān)系已經(jīng)破裂了。Lucas(1976)、Sargent和Wallace(1973)給出了Phillips關(guān)系及其隨后破裂的解釋。最簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)法是：這個(gè)解釋聲稱，失業(yè)和預(yù)期外的通貨膨脹之間可能存在穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系。預(yù)期外的通貨膨脹可能導(dǎo)致求職者錯(cuò)估了他們所收到的工資待遇的真實(shí)價(jià)值，因此才接受了這些工作。如果他們知道真正的實(shí)際工資，他們是不會(huì)接受的。通過(guò)接受這些工作，他們降低了失業(yè)率。在這期間，Phillips研究?jī)r(jià)格水平可能非常的接近隨機(jī)理論，即實(shí)際通貨膨脹可能約等于預(yù)期外的通貨膨脹。從那時(shí)起，當(dāng)通貨膨脹變得更錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜，實(shí)際和預(yù)期的通貨膨脹可能有廣泛的分歧。

4.翻譯題

TranslatetilefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish

歷代的智慧，幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)人類一直籍以為樂(lè)的故事，所有這些都可以從書中方便而又便宜的獲得。但是我必須懂得如何利用這份寶藏，懂得如何才能使它對(duì)我們最為有益。世界上最為不幸的人，也就是那些從未體驗(yàn)過(guò)讀好書之樂(lè)趣的人吧。

我對(duì)人最為感興趣，喜歡結(jié)識(shí)他們，喜歡了解他們。我認(rèn)識(shí)的一些非凡之人，首先存在于作者的想象之中，然后表現(xiàn)在作品的字里行間，最后在我的想象中重新顯現(xiàn)。我在書中找到了新的朋友，新的社會(huì)，還有新的語(yǔ)言。

把你的一部分空閑時(shí)光用來(lái)培養(yǎng)閱讀好書的愛(ài)好吧。愛(ài)讀書的人從好書中不但得到樂(lè)趣，他們從中獲得的那種精神糧食，從其它地方是很難得到的。盡管他們未必有意識(shí)地想到讀書是為了提高才智。在不知不覺(jué)中，他們從書中吸取的知識(shí)積累起來(lái)，經(jīng)過(guò)想象力的加工，對(duì)將來(lái)大有用處。

【答案】Allthewisdomoftheages,allthestoriesthatdelightedmankindforcenturies,areeasilyandcheaplyavailabletoallofuswithinthecoversofbooks.Butwemustknowhowtoavailourselvesofthistreasureandhowtogetthemostvaluefromit.Themostunfortunatepeopleintheworldarethosewhohaveneverexperiencedthejoyofreadingagoodbook.

Iammostinterestedinpeople,inmeetingthemandfindingoutaboutthem.SomeoftheremarkablepeopleI’vemetexistedonlyinwriter’simagination,thenonthepagesofhisbook,andthenagain,inmyimagination.Ihavefoundnewfriends,newsocietyandnewwordsinbooks.

Devotesomeofyourleisuretocultivatingaloveofreadinggoodbooks.Fromgoodbooks,moreover,theydrawmuchbesidesentertainment.Theygainmentalfoodsuchasfewcompanionscansupply,albeittheymaynotbedeliberatelyreadingtoimprovetheirmind.Allunconsciouslytheideastheyderivefromtheprintedpagedarestoredup,tobeworkedoverbytheimaginationforfutureprofit.

5.問(wèn)答題

Theambitiousindividual,farfrom(A)identifyinghimselfandhisfortunestothegroup,wishesto(B)riseaboveit.Theambitiousmanorwoman(C)seestheworldasabattle;rivalrousnessishisorherprincipalemotion:theworldhaslimitedprizestooffer,

andheorshe(D)isdeterminedtogethisorhers.

【答案】

A；改成identifyinghimselfandhisfortuneswith。identifywith認(rèn)為…等同于，與…一致。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish.

人們要想得到工作的勝利即得到預(yù)想的結(jié)果，一定要使自己的思想符合于客觀外界的規(guī)律性，如果不符合，就會(huì)在實(shí)踐中失敗。人們經(jīng)過(guò)失敗之后，也就從失敗中取得教訓(xùn)，改正自己的思想使之符合外界的規(guī)律性，人們就能變失敗為勝利，所謂“失敗乃成功之母”，“吃一塹長(zhǎng)一智”，就是這個(gè)道理。

【答案】Ifyouwanttobesuccessfulinyourworkasyouexpected,youmustmakeyourthoughtsconformtoobjectiveobjectslawsoftheworld.Ifnot,youwouldbefailinpractice.Afterexperiencingfailure,youwouldlearnlessonsfromfailureandadjustyourthoughtstoobjectivelaws.Youcanturnfailureintovictory,whichiscalled“failureisthemotherofsuccess”and“afallintoapit,againinyourwit”.

7.填空題

Eachmanisateverymomentsubjected（1）severaldifferentsetsoflawbutthereisonlyoneofthesewhichheisfree

（2）

disobey.Asabody,heissubjectedtogravitationand

（3）

disobeyit;ifyouleavehimunsupportedinmid-air,hehasnomorechoiceaboutfalling

（4）

astonehas.Asanorganism,heissubjectedtovariousbiologicallawswhichhecannotdisobeyanymorethan

（5）

animalcan.Thisis,hecannotdisobeythoselawswhichheshares

（6）

otherthings;butthelawwhichispeculiar

（7）

hishumannature,thelawhedoesnotsharewithanimalsorvegetablesorinorganicthings,istheonehecandisobey

（8）

hechooses.

Thislawwas

（9）

theLawofNaturebecausepeoplethoughtthateveryoneknewitbynatureanddidnotneedtobetaught

（10）

.Theydidnotmean,ofcourse,thatyoumightnotfindanoddindividualhereandthere

（11）

didnotknowit,justasyoufindafewpeoplewhoarecolor-blindorhave

（12）

earforatune.Buttakingtheraceasa

（13）

,theythoughtthatthehumanideaofdecentbehaviorwasobvioustoeveryone.Therehave

（14）

differencesbetweenpeople’smoralitiesindifferentcivilizationsandages,

（15）

thesehaveneveramounted

（16）anythinglikeatotaldifference.Menhavedifferedasregardswhatpeople

（17）

oughttobeunselfishto,whetheritwasonlyyourownfamily,oryourfellowcountrymen,oreveryone,buttheyhavealwaysagreedthatyouought

（18）

toputyourselffirst.Menhavedifferedastowhetheryoushouldhave

（19）

wifeorfour,buttheyhavealways

（20）

thatyoumustnotsimplyhaveanywomanyouliked.

【答案】1.考查介詞搭配。besubjectedto意為“服從于……，受限于……”。

試題答案：to

2.考查介詞搭配。根據(jù)句中的but可知句子前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折。befreeto意為“不受約束”，與前面句意進(jìn)行對(duì)比。

試題答案：to

3.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)后面的“hehasnomorechoice...hecannotdisobey”可知他不能違抗重力。

試題答案：cannot

4.考查比較級(jí)。根據(jù)前面的“hasnomorechoice”可知此處是將人類與石頭進(jìn)行比較。than意為“與……比較”。

試題答案：than

5.考查不定冠詞?！癮/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”表示類別，a用在輔音音素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前；an則用在元音因素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。

試題答案：an

6.考查介詞搭配。sharewith意為“與…分享”，與后面的“hedoesnotsharewithanimals”相對(duì)應(yīng)。

試題答案：with

7.考查介詞搭配。bepeculiarto意為“為…所獨(dú)有的”。

試題答案：to

8.考查連詞。根據(jù)空格前“theonehecandisobey”與空格后“hechooses”可知此處表示條件關(guān)系，用連詞if。

試題答案：if

9.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。這個(gè)法則被稱為自然法則，用call的過(guò)去分詞called。

試題答案：called

10.考查代詞。根據(jù)前面的“everyoneknewit”可知此處表示不需要被教它，填it。

試題答案：it

11.考查關(guān)系代詞。從句中缺少主語(yǔ)且先行詞“anoddindividual（一個(gè)古怪的人）”指人，因此填who。

試題答案：who

12.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)前面的“whoarecolor-blind（色盲）”和空格前的“or”連接兩個(gè)并列的成分。havenoearfor意為“對(duì)……沒(méi)有欣賞能力”，與color-blind相對(duì)應(yīng)。

試題答案：no

13.考查固定搭配。asawhole意為“整體而言”。此處表示“就這個(gè)種族整體而言”。

試題答案：whole

14.考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)后面的“haveneveramounted”可知此處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，be的過(guò)去分詞為been。

試題答案：been

15.考查連詞。根據(jù)前面的difference與后面的havenever可知此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用連詞but。

試題答案：but

16.考查介詞搭配。amountto意為“發(fā)展成為；共計(jì)”。

試題答案：to

17.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)后面的youought可知此處填對(duì)應(yīng)的代詞you。

試題答案：you

18.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)句子開頭的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but，但你不應(yīng)該把自己放在第一位，因此填表示否定的副詞not。

試題答案：not

19.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)后面的four可知此處為數(shù)詞，wife為單數(shù)形式，因此填數(shù)詞one。

試題答案：one

20.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)第18空前面的buttheyhavealwaysagreedthat可知此處填agreed，與其相對(duì)應(yīng)。

試題答案：agreed

8.問(wèn)答題

InemergingeconomieslikethatinEasternEurope,therearefearsthatgrowingjoblessness

A

mightencourageamoveawayfromfree-market,pro-Westernpolicies,whileindeveloping

B

countriesunemploymentcouldbolstereffortstoprotectlocalindustriesattheexpenseofglobal

C

D

trade.

【答案】試題答案：A;those

【解析】考查代詞。mergingeconomies為復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此代詞要用相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)形式，that的復(fù)數(shù)為those。

9.問(wèn)答題

AStheplanetwarms,floods,storms,risingseasanddroughtwilluprootmillionsofpeopleandwithdirewiderconsequences.BarackObama,collectinghisNobelpeaceprize,saidthatclimaticchange“willfuelmoreconflictfordecades”.HetooktheanalysisnotfromenvironmentalscaremongersbutfromagroupofAmericangenerals.

Theforecastisclose（1）becomingreceivedwisdom.Aflurryofnewbookswithtitlessuchas“GlobalWarring”and“ClimaticConflict”offernear-apocalypticvisions.CleoPascal,attheRoyalInstituteofInternationalAffairsinLondon,predictsthosefloods,storms,thefailureoftheIndianmonsoonandagriculturalcollapsewillbring“enormousmadspecificgeopolitical,economicandsecurityconsequencesforallofus...theworldoftomorrowlookschaoticandviolent”.JeffreyMazooftheInternationalInstituteforStrategicStudies,alsoinLondon,callsclimaticchangean“existentialthreat”andfearsitcouldusher（2）“statefailureandinternalconflict”inexposedplaces,notablyAfrica.

Yetsurprisinglyfewfactssupportthesealarmingassertions.Widelytoutedforecastssuchas

for200mclimaticrefugeesinfirenextfewdecadesseemtohavebeenplucked（3）theair.

LittleornoacademicresearchhaslookedatquestionssuchaswhetherBangladeshisdisplacedbyarisingseawouldmoveaseriesofshortdistancesoveralongperiod,or(moredisruptively)agreaterdistanceimmediately.

SoscientistspreparingthefifthreportoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,duein2013,areforthefirsttimeincludingachapteronthreatstohumansecurity.Anearlyeffort

cameataconferencelastmonthinNorway,

（4）

theauspicesofthePeaceResearchInstituteinOslo.

Oneideaistofindpreviousoccasionswhenbigenvironmentalchangescame

（5）

social,

politicalandmilitaryshifts.DroughtsintheCentralAsiansteppe,forexample,ledtomasswestwardmigrationandthe“barbarian”invasionsthathelpedtoppletheRomanEmpire.HungeranddroughtledtothecollapseofMayancivilizationamillenniumago.SuddencoolingwipedoutanearlyEuropeansettlementonGreenland.TheDustBowlofthe1930sforcedover2mpeopletomigratewithintheUnitedStates.

ThoseexamplesmayberelevantinAfrica,whereinmanycountriesaroundthree-quartersofthepopulationsurvivebycultivatingafewvarietiesofcropswatereddirectlybyrain,theformof

farmingmostvulnerable

（6）

climaticchange.Africahaswarmedby0.5°Conaverageinthe

pasthalfcentury,andmayheatby1.5-4°Cmorethiscentury.Heathitscerealyields(speciallymaize),perhapsby10-20%fora1*Crise.Rainfallpatternswillalsoshift.

ThehardestevidenceforalinksofarcomesfromateamledbyMarshallBurkeoftheUniversityofCalifornia,whichstudiedAfricanwarsfrom1980to2002andfoundthatrisingtemperaturesarcindeedassociatedwithcropfailure,economicdeclineandasharpriseinthelikelihoodofwar.Itpredicteda“50%increase”inthechanceofcivilwarinAfricaby2030.

Butthatclaimisnowheavilyrevised,sinceresearchersredidtheirsumstotakeaccountofthemorepeacefulperiodof2002-08.Otherssaythatpoliticalandotherfactorssuchasethnicconflictandoutsideinterventionarefarbetterindicatorsofthelikelihoodoffighting.

TakethewidelycitedcaseofthewarinDarfur,thewesternregionofSudan.BanKi-moon,

theUNsecretary-general,describeditas“anecologicalcrisis,arisingatleast（7）partfrom

climatechange”.EnvironmentalproblemshaveprobablyworsenedtheDarfur’sdreadfulplight,offeringgristtothosewhocallclimatechangea“threatmultiplier5，.Averagerainfallintheregionfellabruptly(byathirdormore)intheearly1970sandDarfurrepeatedlysuffereddroughts.Clashesovergrazingandthendisplacementofvillagerswerefollowed,from2003,byhorrificwar.

Yettheconnectioniselusive.Roughlythreedecadeselapsedbetweentherainstoppingandwarstarting.Manyotherfactorspolitical,ethnic,demographicandeconomicconspiredtostokeviolence.ThosewerespecifictoDarfur,whereasthesharpdropinrainfallhitthewholeSahel,withoutintensifyingconflictelsewhere.

AnothercommonlycitedexampleisviolentcompetitionforscarcegrazingbetweennomadicherdsmenintheHomofAfrica.YetastudyoffightingamongpastoralistsontheborderbetweenKenyaandSomaliainthepast60years(presentedattheconference)showedinsteadthatconflictworsenedwhengrazingwasabundantandfell

（

8）

droughts.Hungrypeoplewaretoobusystayingalive,ortooexhausted,tofight.Bycontrast,whenrainsmadeherdsmen’sliveseasier,theycouldreleasesurplusyounglaborfortheviolentsportofraidingothergroups.

Otherresearcherslookatthepoliticalormilitaryconsequencesofphenomenaunrelatedtoweather,suchasrapidurbanization,migrationorearthquakes.Yettheevidenceheretooismixed（9）

best.Wherenaturaldisastersdoshowpredictablepoliticaloutcomes,theyareveryslight.

Astudyoftheshort-termimpactofhurricanesonHaitiandtheDominicanRepublicfrom1850-2007,forexample,suggeststhatthestormshavegrownmoreintense(ifnotmorefrequent),buttheirarrivalisnotassociatedwithmompoliticalviolence.Anotherstudyshowedthatnaturaldisastersusuallyproducedshort-termeconomicpainbutnosignofincreasedpoliticalviolence.Earthquakes,too,tendtoproducemixedoutcomes.AMexicanquakein1985mayhavestokedaninsui^ency.Butthetsunamiof2005offeredamomentforsecessionistsinAcehandthecentralIndonesiangovernmenttoco-operateClimatechangecouldindeedcausewoesaplenty.Thatisallthemorereasontobeprecise

（10）

them.

Fillineachblankinthearticlewithanappropriatepreposition(介詞).

Readthearticlecarefullyandexplainthemeaningofthewordsaccordingtothecontext.

scaremonger(inparagraph1)

apocalyptic(inparagraph2)

tout(inparagraph3)

topple(inparagraph5)

intervention(inparagraph8)

elapse(inparagraph10)

stoke(inparagraph10)

intensify(inparagraph10)

grazing(inparagraph11)

woe(inparagraph13)

TheabovearticlementionedthewidelycitedeaseofthewarinDarfur,(thewesternregionofSudan.BanKi-moon,theUNsecretary-general,describeditas“anecologicalcrisis...”Why?Somepeoplecallclimaticchangea“threatmultiplier”.Whatdoesthatmean?

【答案】1.考查介詞搭配。此處表示這個(gè)預(yù)言幾乎被視為至理名言。becloseto意為“接近，靠近”。

試題答案：to

2.考查介詞搭配。此處表示氣候變化引來(lái)的影響。usherin意為“引入，引領(lǐng)”。

試題答案：in

3.考查介詞搭配。pluckfromtheair意為“空穴來(lái)風(fēng)，無(wú)中生有”。

試題答案：from

4.考查介詞搭配。undertheauspices意為“在……的贊助下”。

試題答案：under

5.考查介詞搭配。此句意為：觀點(diǎn)之一是尋求歷史上環(huán)境改變與伴隨之的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事變革的聯(lián)系。comealongside意為“隨之而來(lái)”。

試題答案：alongside

6.考查介詞搭配。vulnerableto意為“易受……，易于……”。

試題答案：to

7.考查介詞搭配。inpart意為“在某種程度上，部分地”。

試題答案：in

8.考查介詞搭配。during意為“在……期間”。

試題答案：during

9.考查介詞搭配。atbest意為“至多，充其量”。

試題答案：at

10.考查介詞搭配。about意為“關(guān)于……”。

試題答案：about

scaremonger(inparagraph1)

1.試題答案：危言聳聽的人，制造恐慌的人

apocalyptic(inparagraph2)

2.試題答案：世界末日的

tout(inparagraph3)

3.試題答案：吹捧，吹噓

topple(inparagraph5)

4.試題答案：推翻，打倒

intervention(inparagraph8)

5.試題答案：介入，干涉

elapse(inparagraph10)

6.試題答案：消逝

stoke(inparagraph10)

7.試題答案：煽動(dòng)，激起

intensify(inparagraph10)

8.試題答案：增強(qiáng)，加劇

grazing(inparagraph11)

9.試題答案：牧場(chǎng)，草場(chǎng)

woe(inparagraph13)

10.試題答案：災(zāi)難

Becausetheclimatechange,tosomedegree,resultedinthewarinDarfur.TheaveragerainfallinDarfurfellsharply,whichcausedtheclashesovergrazing,displacementofvillagesandeventuallyresultedinthehorrificwar.

ItmeansthatclimatechangehasintensifiedthethreatenofDarfur,becauseEnvironmentalproblemshaveprobablyworsenedtheDarfur’sdreadfulplight.

10.翻譯題

雖然美國(guó)總統(tǒng)奧巴馬公開號(hào)召美國(guó)民眾購(gòu)買股票，但是由于投資者信心渙散，市場(chǎng)上難尋買家。3月5日，紐約股市三大股指跌幅全部超過(guò)4%，其中道瓊斯指數(shù)自2日跌破7000點(diǎn)后又跌破6600點(diǎn)，創(chuàng)出自1997年4月以來(lái)的新低。導(dǎo)致當(dāng)天紐約股市受重挫的直接原因是美國(guó)最大的汽車制造商通用汽車公司可能破產(chǎn)的消息。通用汽車公司在向美國(guó)證券交易委員會(huì)提交的報(bào)告中說(shuō)，審計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為按照目前的狀況公司很難繼續(xù)生存下去。通用汽車公司表示，如果重組計(jì)劃無(wú)法通過(guò)政府審核，公司將申請(qǐng)破產(chǎn)保護(hù)。由于通用汽車公司破產(chǎn)可能引發(fā)的連鎖反應(yīng)將嚴(yán)重打擊美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)，本以為奧巴馬政府有望解決汽車業(yè)巨頭困境的投資者紛紛拋售通用汽車公司的股票，導(dǎo)致該公司股票暴跌。

【答案】

AlthoughtheUnitedStatesPresidentBarackObamapubliclycalledonAmericanstobuyshares,it’shardtofindbuyersinstockmarketbecauseoftheshakyconfidenceofinvestors.OnMarch5,thethreemajorstockindexesinNewYorkstockmarketallfellover4%,amongwhichtheDowJonesIndexagainfellbelow6600pointsafterfallingbelow7000pointsonMarch2,hittinganewlowsinceApril1997.ThedirectreasonwhichcausedsuchgreatsetbackoftheNewYorkstockmarketonthatdayisthenewswhichsaidthatGeneralMotorsCorporation(GM),theAmerica’sbiggestcarmaker,couldgobankrupt.InareportsubmittedtotheU.S.SecuritiesandExchangeCommissionGMsaidthattheauditinstitutionthinkitisverydifficulttosurviveaccordingtoitscurrentsituation.GMsaidthatiftherestructuringplanwasnotapprovedbygovernment,thecompanywillfileforbankruptcyprotection.AchainreactionprobablyresultingfromGM'sbankruptcywillhitgravelytheeconomyofU.S.，theinvestorswhooriginallythoughtthattheObamaadministrationwouldhopefullyrescuetheautogiantfromdifficultpositiononeafteranothersoldthesharesofGM,givingrisetoslumpofitsshares.

11.問(wèn)答題

Butcareerplanningshouldhelpyouto(A)approachandcopebetterwithnewproblems,suchasdecidingwhetherornot(B)entereducationalortrainingprograms,changejobs,and(C)analyzethedifficultiesyouarehaving(D)withasituationoraperson.

【答案】C；“analyze”改為“analyzing”。

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：但是職業(yè)規(guī)劃應(yīng)該幫助你更好地處理新問(wèn)題，比如決定是否參加教育或培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目，是否換工作，以及分析你正面臨的與某種情況或某人有關(guān)的困難。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，“and”連接并列的賓語(yǔ)成分，共同作“suchas”的賓語(yǔ)，所以“deciding…”和“analyze…”構(gòu)成并列結(jié)構(gòu)，在形式上須保持一致。所以將“analyze”改為“analyzing”。

12.翻譯題

Rationalchoicetheory

Rationalchoicetheory,alsoknownaschoicetheoryorrationalactiontheory,isaframeworkforunderstandingandoftenformallymodeling,socialandeconomicbehavior.Rationality,interpretedas“wantingmoreratherthanlessofagood’’，iswidelyusedasanassumptionofthebehaviorofindividualsinmacroeconomicmodelsandanalysisandappearsinalmostalleconomicstextbooktreatmentsofhumandecision-making.Itisalsocentraltosomeofmodempoliticalscience,sociology,andphilosophy.Itattaches“wantingmore”toinstrumentalrationality,whichinvolvesseekingthemostcost-effectivemeanstoachieveaspecificgoalwithoutreflectingontheworthinessofthatgoal.GaryBackerwasanearlyproponentofapplyingrationalactormodelsmorewidely.Hewonthe1992NobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicSciencesforhisstudiesofdiscrimination,crime,andhumancapital.

Inrationalchoicetheory,thesecostsareonlyextrinsicorexternaltotheindividualratherthanbeingintrinsicorinternal.Thatis,strictrationalchoicetheorywouldnotseeacriminal’sself-punishmentbyinnerfeelingsofremorse,guilt,orshameasrelevanttodeterminingthecostsofcommittingacrime.Ingeneral,rationalchoicetheorydoesnotaddresstheroleofanindividual’ssenseofmoralsorethicsindecision-making.Thus,economicsNoblestAmartyaSenseesthemodelofpeoplewhofollowrationalchoicemodelas“rationalfools”.

【答案】理性選擇理論

理性選擇理論，也被稱為選擇理論或理性行為理論，是用于理解社會(huì)，正式對(duì)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)行為的框架。理性，被解釋為“對(duì)最大利益的追求”，在宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)模型中被廣泛用作個(gè)人行為的假設(shè)，并出現(xiàn)在幾乎所有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教科書中關(guān)于人類決策的處理。它也是現(xiàn)代政治學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)和哲學(xué)的中心。它將“想要更多”與理性工具聯(lián)系起來(lái)，這涉及到尋求最經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的手段來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)特定目標(biāo)，而不考慮該目標(biāo)的價(jià)值。GaryBacker是更廣泛地運(yùn)用理性行為者模式的早期支持者，他因研究歧視、犯罪和人力資本而獲得1992年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。

在理性選擇理論中，這些成本僅是非本質(zhì)的或外部的，而不是本質(zhì)的或者內(nèi)部的。也就是說(shuō)，嚴(yán)格的理性選擇理論不會(huì)根據(jù)罪犯的內(nèi)心的悔恨，內(nèi)疚，或羞愧等自我懲罰以確定犯罪的成本。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，理性選擇理論并不涉及個(gè)人道德或倫理意識(shí)在決策中的作用。因此，諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者AmartyaSen認(rèn)為，遵循理性選擇模式的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人是“理性的傻瓜模式”。

13.單選題

IfEnglandhadwontheRevolutionaryWar,thewholehistoryoftheEnglish-speaking

A

B

C

worldhadbeendifferent.

D

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadwon

B.the

C.English-speaking

D.hadbeen

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，對(duì)過(guò)去情況假設(shè)，主句：主語(yǔ)＋would/should/might/couldhave＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，從句：had＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。

試題答案：D;wouldhavebeen

14.問(wèn)答題

Thecostsofwatchingthefilmisthatittakesup120minutesofyourtime-timewhichcould

A

B

C

bespentinbedasleep.Thebenefitistheenjoymentgainedfromeachextraminuteviewed.

D

【答案】試題答案：A;cost

【解析】考查主謂一致。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is用的是單數(shù)形式，故主語(yǔ)也需要用單數(shù)形式。

15.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

20年來(lái)，中國(guó)從工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化加快發(fā)展的國(guó)情出發(fā)，不斷豐富可持續(xù)發(fā)展的內(nèi)涵，積極應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外環(huán)境的復(fù)雜變化和一系列重大挑戰(zhàn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展、人民生活顯著改善，在控制人口總量、提高人口素質(zhì)、節(jié)約資源和保護(hù)環(huán)境等方面取得了積極進(jìn)展。同時(shí)，作為一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家，中國(guó)人口眾多、‘生態(tài)脆弱、人均資源占有不足，人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值尚排在全球百位左右，仍有1.22億貧困人口，資源環(huán)境對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的約束增強(qiáng)，區(qū)域發(fā)展不平衡問(wèn)題突出，科技創(chuàng)新能力不強(qiáng)，改善民生的任務(wù)十分艱巨。

【答案】Overthepast20years,China,basedonitsnationalconditionsofbeingintheacceleratedindustrializationandurbanizationprocesses,hasenrichedtheconnotationsofsustainabledevelopment,activelyrespondedtothecomplexchangesintheenvironmentathomeandabroadandaseriesofmajorchallenges,andachievedsteadyandrapideconomicdevelopment,higherpeople’slivingstandards,andremarkableprogressinpopulationcontrol,populationqualityimprovement,resourcesconservationandenvironmentalprotection.Ontheotherhand,asadevelopingcountrywithalargepopulation,Chinaisfacedwithecologicalfragilityandinadequatepercapitaresources.Itspercapitagrossdomesticproduct(GDP)isstillrankedabout100thintheworldandtherearestill122millionpeoplelivinginpoverty.Moreover,giventhesevereresourcesandenvironmentconstrainsoneconomicdevelopment,pronouncedunevendevelopmentamongregions,andweakscientificandtechnologicalinnovationcapacities,Chinastillfacesandarduoustaskofimprovingpeople’slivelihood.

16.問(wèn)答題

CharlesDarwin’s“OntheOriginofSpecies”iscreditedwithsparkingevolution’srevolution

A

inscientificthought,butmanyobservershadponderedevolutionbeforehim.Itwasunderstood

B

theidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreat,accordingtotheArnold

C

D

Arboretum’snewdirector.

【答案】試題答案：B;understanding

【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。understood一般用于beunderstoodas（被理解為），understanding意為“理解的”。

17.問(wèn)答題

ThefounderofAlibabaoncesaid“Singles’Day(November11)shoppingfestivalactivatedonlyatinypartofChina’sdomesticdemand,andhasstillalongwaytogotofullyunleashthegreatpotentialoftheChinesemarket.”Headdedthat:“AlibabawillholdSingles’Dayshoppingfestivalforatleast100years,andmakeSingles’DayashoppingfestivalfornotonlyChineseconsumersbutalsopeoplearoundtheworld.ThefestivalwilllastevenlongerthanAlibabaitself.”

ChineseshoppershavespentbigovertheSingles’Dayshoppingfestival,showingthecountry’sstrongeconomicrecoveryfollowingtheCovid-19epidemic.SalesonAlibaba’se-commerceplatformTmallexceeded372.3billionyuan(56.29billionU.S.dollars)betweenNov.1and12:30a.m.onNov.11.Attheshoppingpeak,583,000ordersweremadeinasinglesecondonTmall,settinganewonlineshoppingrecord.Morethan800millionshoppers,250,000brandsand5millionmerchantshaveparticipatedin2020Singles’Dayshoppingspree,accordingtoTmall.

SomeAmericaninvestorshavealreadybeguntodoubtifthefestivalwouldcomeattheexpenseoflowspendingpowerofChineseconsumersduringtherestoftheyear,whileotherinvestorsseemedtobemuchmoreworriedifAlibabawassellingfakeproductstoconsumers.Ananalystfurtherexplainedthat:“ThemajorreasonwhyinvestorsbegintocastdoubtontheeffectofSingles’Dayshoppingfestivalisthattheyworriedthatthisworld’shugest,biggestandcraziestshoppingdayoftheyearmightunderminebothconsumers’spendingpowerandbusinessowners’marketingability.”

Indeed,thelarge-scalediscountactivitiesonSingles’Daymightinterruptsomeconsumers’purchaseplanbeforeandaftertheshoppingfestival,otherconsumerswhoshoppedonlineslightlybeforethe“bigday”mighthavetowaitforextratimetohavetheirgoodsdeliveredtothem,andstillothersmightshopirrationallyandgetoverdrawn,thusregretfullyreturningmostoftheirgoods.BusinessownerswerealsoforcedtoseizetheopportunityonSingles’Dayanddoeverythingtheycould,in