考研考博-英語-上海震旦職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海震旦職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.翻譯題

FollowingtheexplosionofcreativityinFlorenceduringthe14thcenturyknownastheRenaissance,themodernworldsawadeparturefromwhatithadonceknown.ItturnedfromGodandtheauthorityoftheRomanCatholicChurchandinsteadfavouredamorehumanisticapproachtobeing.RenaissanceideashadspreadthroughoutEuropewellintothe17thcentury,withtheartsandsciencesflourishingextraordinarilyamongthosewithamorelogicaldisposition.1.With（thegapbetween）thechurch'steachingsandwaysofthinkingbeingeclipsedbytheRenaissance,thegapbetweenthemedievalandmodernperiodshadbeenbridged,leadingtonewandunexploredintellectualterritories.

DuringtheRenaissance,thegreatmindsofNicolausCopernicus,JohannesKeplerandGalileoGalileidemonstratedthepowerofscientificstudyanddiscovery.2.Beforeeachoftheirrevelations,manythinkersatthetimehadsustainedmoreancientwaysofthinking,includingthegeocentricviewthattheEarthwasatthecentreofouruniverse.Copernicustheorizedin1543thatinactualfact,alloftheplanetsthatweknewofrevolvednotaroundtheEarth,buttheSun,asystemthatwaslaterupheldbyGalileoathisownexpense.Offeringupsuchatheoryduringatimeofhightensionbetweenscientificandreligiousmindswasbrandedasheresy,andanysuchhereticsthatcontinuedtospreadtheseliesweretobepunishedbyimprisonmentorevendeath.GalileowasexcommunicatedbytheChurchandimprisonedforlifeforhisastronomicalobservationsandhissupportoftheheliocentricprinciple.

3.DespiteattemptsbytheChurchtostrong-armthisnewgenerationoflogiciansandrationalists,moreexplanationsforhowtheuniversefunctionedwerebeingmade,andataratethatthepeople-includingtheChurch-couldnolongerignore.Itwaswiththesegreatrevelationsthatanewkindofphilosophyfoundedinreasonwasborn.

TheChurch'slong-standingdogmawaslosingthegreatbattlefortruthtorationalistsandscientists.ThisveryfactembodiedthenewwaysofthinkingthatsweptthroughEuropeduringmostofthe17thcentury.4.Asmanytookonthedutyoftryingtointegratereasoningandscientificphilosophiesintotheworld.TheRenaissancewasoveranditwastimeforanewera-theAgeofReason.

The17thand18thcenturiesweretimesofradicalchangeandcuriosity.Scientificmethod,reductionismandthequestioningofChurchidealswastobeencouraged,aswereideasofliberty,toleranceandprogress.5.SuchactionstoseekknowledgeandtounderstandwhatinformationwealreadyknewwerecapturedbytheLatinphrase'sapereaude'or'daretoknow',afterImmanuelKantuseditinhisessayAnAnswertotheQuestion:WhatisEnlightenment?Itwasthepurposeandresponsibilityofgreatmindstogoforthandseekoutthetruth,whichtheybelievedtobefoundedinknowledge.

【答案】1.【參考譯文】由于文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期教會(huì)的教義和思維方式之間的差距被消除，中世紀(jì)和現(xiàn)代時(shí)期之間的差距得以彌合，導(dǎo)致了新的和未開發(fā)的知識領(lǐng)域。

2.【參考譯文】每個(gè)啟示出現(xiàn)之前，當(dāng)時(shí)的許多思想家都采用更為古老的思維方式，包括地心說的觀點(diǎn)，該觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為地球是我們宇宙的中心。

3.【參考譯文】盡管教堂做出許多嘗試去壓制新一代的邏輯學(xué)家和理性主義者，但是更多對于宇宙是如何運(yùn)作的探索正在以人們難以忽視的速度進(jìn)行著。

4.【參考譯文】正當(dāng)很多人致力于嘗試把推理和科學(xué)哲理融入到世界時(shí)，文藝復(fù)興結(jié)束了，而此時(shí)一個(gè)新的時(shí)代到來了。

5.【參考譯文】這些探索知識并且理解已知信息的行為可以用拉丁文“sapereaude”或英文“daretoknow”描述。

2.填空題

Directions:BlowispassagefromaguidegivingadvicetoforeignnationalslivinginBritain.ReadthepassagethenfillineachgapwithONEwordfromtheboxbelowthepassage.WriteyouranswersinthespacesonANSWEERSHEET.Thefirstonehasbeendoneasanexample.

LosingyourpassportIfsomethinghashappenedtoyourpassport,informyourembassyatonceandaskthemtotellyouallthedocumentsthatyouwillneedtoproducetobe(Example)withanewone.Thisismostimportantbecausesomeembassiesrequireextensivedocumentaryproofofnationality,aswellasproofofidentity,suchasdrivinglicense,orcreditcards.Sotakecarethatyouarenotwastingtimeandmoneywhenyoucanleast66either.Ifyourpassporthasbeenlostorstolen,yourembassywillwantyoutoreporttheincidenttothepoliceassoonaspossible.Whenyoudoso,askforthepolicereferencenumberofyourcaseasmanyoftheembassiesfindthisusefulinfollowingupyour67__.

Similarly,takeyourpassportnumberwithyoutotheembassy,asthiswillaccelerateyourcase.Thesizeandnumberofthephotographsthatyouwillneedwill68onyourembassy,andsomemayevenrecommendaphotographer,Youshouldalsoconfirmwithembassyofficialshowmuchyouwillhavetopayandalsoinwhat69itistobepaid.

Someoftheembassiesarepreparedtoissueon-the-spotemergencypassports,requiringnomorethanyouroathtoclaimyour70__,butasaprecautionyoushouldinvestigatetherequirementsbeforeyouareactuallyforcedtomakeanemergencyrequest.

【答案】66.afford

67.claim

68.depend

69.currency

70.identity

【解析】66.從前面的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can可知，此處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞；根據(jù)…takecarethatyouarenotwastingtimeandmoney（注意不要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢）得出，這里應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)可以和time和money搭配的動(dòng)詞，因此afford最合適，表示“給予，提供，買得起”。

67.此處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞；根據(jù)…askforthepolicereferencenumberofyourcaseasmanyoftheembassiesfindthisusefulinfollowingupyour…（向警方詢問你的案件編號，因?yàn)樵S多大使館發(fā)現(xiàn)這對跟進(jìn)你的……很有幫助）得出，這里應(yīng)該填入表示“需求”的單詞，因此claim最合適，表示“要求”。

68.此處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞；根據(jù)Thesizeandnumberofthephotographsthatyouwillneedwill…onyourembassy,andsomemayevenrecommendaphotographer（你需要的照片的大小和數(shù)量將……你的大使館，有些大使館甚至?xí)扑]一個(gè)攝影師）得出，這里應(yīng)該填入表示“取決于”的動(dòng)詞，因此depend最合適，構(gòu)成短語dependon（取決于）。

69.此處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞；根據(jù)Youshouldalsoconfirmwithembassyofficialshowmuchyouwillhavetopayandalsoinwhat…itistobepaid（你還應(yīng)該向大使館官員確認(rèn)你需要支付多少錢，以及以……支付）得出，這里應(yīng)該是表示貨幣形式，因此currency正確。

70.此處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞；整篇文章都在講述辦理護(hù)照的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵是對自己身份的證明，那么根據(jù)Someoftheembassiesarepreparedtoissueon-the-spotemergencypassports,requiringnomorethanyouroathtoclaimyour…（有些大使館準(zhǔn)備在緊急情況下簽發(fā)現(xiàn)場護(hù)照，只需要你對……進(jìn)行宣誓就可以領(lǐng)?。┑贸觯@里應(yīng)該是填入“身份”，因此identity正確。

3.單選題

Betweenabout1910and1930,newartisticmovementsinEuropeanartweremakingthemselvesfeltintheUnitedStates.AmericanartistsbecameacquaintedwiththenewaltontheirtripstoParisandattheexhibitionsinthefamousNewYorkgalleryb291t（namedafteritsaddressonFifthAvenue）ofthephotographerMiredStieglitz.ButmostimportantinthespreadofthemodernmovementsintheUnitedStateswasthesensationalArmoryShowof1913heldinNewYork,inwhichtheworksofmanyoftheleadingEuropeanartistswereseenalongwiththeworksofanumberofprogressiveAmericanpainters.

SeveraloftheAmericanmodernistswhowereinfluencedbytheArmoryShowfoundtheurbanLandscape,especiallyNewYork,anappealingsubject.Comparedwiththeworksoftherealistpainters,theworksofAmericanmodernistsweremuchfurtherremovedfromtheactualappearanceofthecity;theyweremoreinterestedinthe“feel”ofthecity，moreconcernedwiththemeaningbehindappearance.However,boththepaintersofthe“AshCanSchool”andthelaterrealistswerestilltiedtonineteenth-centuryorearlierstyles,whiletheearlymodernistssharedintheinternationalbreakthroughsoftheartofthetwentiethcentury.

ThegreatestofthesebreakthroughswasCubism,developedmostfullyinFrancebetween1907and1914,whichbroughtaboutamajorrevolutioninWesternpainting.ItoverturnedtherationaltraditionthathadbeenbuiltuponsincetheRenaissance,InCubism,naturalformswerebrokendownanalyticallyintogeometricshapes.Nolongerwasacleardifferentiationmadebetweenthefigureandthebackgroundofapainting;theobjectsrepresentedandthesurfaceonwhichtheywerepaintedbecameone.TheCubistsabandonedtheconventionalsinglevantagepointoftheviewer,andobjectsdepictedfrommultipleviewpointswereshownatthesametime.

1.Withwhattopicisthepassageprimarilyconcerned?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEuropeanarttrendsprobablyaffectedUnitedStatesartmostduringwhichofthefollowingyears?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasameansthroughwhichAmericanartistslearnedaboutnewmovements?

4.WhydoestheauthormentionAlfredStieglitz?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingwasafavoritesubjectforAmericanmodernists?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThedevelopmentofCubism.

B.ModernartmovementsintheUnitedSates.

C.ContemporaryartistsintheUnitedStates.

D.Theinfluenceofphotographyonlandscapepainters.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.1901

B.1908

C.1913

D.1936

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Lessonsfromsuccessfulartists.

B.Theexhibitionsatthegallery“291”.

C.TripstoEurope.

D.TheArmoryShowof1913.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Todemonstratethatphotographywasthemajorinfluenceinmodernart.

B.Tocomparehimtootherartistsofthetime.

C.Topointoutthatmanyartistlearnedtheircraftbystudyingwithhim.

D.Togiveanexampleofsomeonewhohadaninfluenceonmodernart.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Portraitsoffamouspeople.

B.Countryscenes.

C.Picturesofbuildings'interiors.

D.Citylandscapes.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.本文第一句話就點(diǎn)明了“從1910年到1930年，歐洲藝術(shù)的新運(yùn)動(dòng)開始在美國產(chǎn)生影響?！北疚闹饕v述了現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)在美國的興起到高潮，從紐約畫廊的啟發(fā)到立體派的重大突破，都是圍繞美國的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)而展開的，故本文的主題就是美國的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)。故B項(xiàng)正確。

.2主旨大意題。由第一段“ButmostimportantinthespreadofthemodernmovementsintheUnitedStateswasthesensationalArmoryShowof1913heldinNewYork,inwhichtheworksofmanyoftheleadingEuropeanartistswereseenalongwiththeworksofanumberofprogressiveAmericanpainters.但是，對美國現(xiàn)代運(yùn)動(dòng)的傳播最重要的是1913年在紐約舉行的轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的軍械庫展覽，在這次展覽中，許多歐洲著名藝術(shù)家的作品和一些進(jìn)步的美國畫家的作品一起展出。可知影響最大的是發(fā)生在1913年的軍械庫展覽。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第一段AmericanartistsbecameacquaintedwiththenewaltontheirtripstoParisandattheexhibitionsinthefamousNewYorkgalleryb291t(namedafteritsaddressonFifthAvenue)ofthephotographerMiredStieglitz.美國藝術(shù)家在去巴黎的旅行中，在紐約著名的b291t畫廊(以第五大道的地址命名)舉辦的攝影家Stieglitz的展覽中，開始了解這種新的藝術(shù)?？芍狟C兩項(xiàng)在文中有都有提及；D項(xiàng)在“ButmostimportantinthespreadofthemodernmovementsintheUnitedStateswasthesensationalArmoryShowof1913heldinNewYork,但是，對現(xiàn)代運(yùn)動(dòng)在美國的傳播最重要的是1913年在紐約舉行的轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的軍械庫展覽”有提及。故只有A項(xiàng)沒提到。

4.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞AlfredStieglitz定位到第一段AmericanartistsbecameacquaintedwiththenewaltontheirtripstoParisandattheexhibitionsinthefamousNewYorkgalleryb291t(namedafteritsaddressonFifthAvenue)ofthephotographerMiredStieglitz.美國藝術(shù)家在去巴黎的旅行中，在紐約著名的b291t畫廊(以第五大道的地址命名)舉辦的攝影家Stieglitz的展覽中，開始了解這種新的藝術(shù)?？芍狝lfredStieglitz是紐約畫廊的攝影師，他是影響現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的攝影家之一。故D項(xiàng)“舉一個(gè)對現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)有影響的人的例子”正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段SeveraloftheAmericanmodernistswhowereinfluencedbytheArmoryShowfoundtheurbanLandscape,especiallyNewYork,anappealingsubject.一些受軍械庫展覽影響的美國現(xiàn)代主義者發(fā)現(xiàn)城市景觀，尤其是紐約，是一個(gè)吸引人的主題?？芍狣項(xiàng)“城市風(fēng)景”是美國現(xiàn)代主義者喜歡的主題。

4.翻譯題

兩根平行的（parallel）橡皮筋（rubberband）所提供的力為一根橡皮筋的兩倍。

【答案】Twoparallelrubberbandsprovidetwiceasmuchforceasonerubberband.

5.單選題

Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologist(免疫學(xué)家)MarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshockstiog24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock

Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

Otherresearchersagree.JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicine,hasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon’tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists'suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisoneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.

Oneofthemoststartlingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditioned(使形成條件反射)micetoavoidsaccharin(糖精)bysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweetenerandinjectingthemwithadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Aderreexposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthehighestamountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtoskillthem.

1.Laudenslager'sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnoffthe

electricity（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto（）.

33.ThereasonwhythemiceinAder'sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat（）.

4.ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablereasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder'sexperiment

wasthat（）.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasstrengthened

B.wasnotaffected

C.wasaltered

D.wasweakened

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli

B.turnofftheelectricity

C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations

D.becomeabnormallysuspicious

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theydislikeditstaste

B.itaffectedtheirimmunesystem

C.itledtostomachpains

D.theyassociateditwithstomachaches

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybythesaccharin

B.thesweetenerwaspoisonoustothem

C.theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemind

D.theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.canbeweakenedbyconditioning

B.canbesuppressedbydruginfections

C.canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharin

D.canbealteredbyelectricshocks

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段倒數(shù)第二句指出:Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity(Laudenslager發(fā)現(xiàn)，無助老鼠（不能關(guān)掉電流的老鼠）的免疫功能被削弱至低于正常水平，但是，對于那些能切斷電流的老鼠的免疫功能則不會(huì)受到影響)。因此B項(xiàng)“不受影響”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段第三句指出:Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol(但是，如果動(dòng)物有（老鼠）面對過控制不了的情況，那么，以后即使在自己能夠控制的情況下，其反應(yīng)也是消極的)，因此C項(xiàng)“在可控制的情況下，表現(xiàn)得消極”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener(將糖精與胃疼關(guān)聯(lián)后，老鼠很快學(xué)會(huì)避免糖精)。因此，選D項(xiàng)“他們與胃疼有關(guān)聯(lián)”。

4.判斷推理題。第三段舉例是為了證明該段中心句，即:...howthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponse...(思想是如何改變/影響免疫系統(tǒng))，故選C項(xiàng)“它們的免疫系統(tǒng)被其思想改變了”。

5.判斷推理題。第三段中Ader的實(shí)驗(yàn)說明通過各種具體手段使動(dòng)物形成某

種條件反射就能削弱其免疫功能。因此，A項(xiàng)“條件反射可能減弱免疫系統(tǒng)”正確。

6.單選題

Hesaidhecouldnotcomebecausehe（）ameeting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willbehaving

B.wouldhave

C.wouldbehaving

D.willhave

【答案】C

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。A選項(xiàng)willbehaving，will/shallbedoingsth為將來進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示要在將來某一時(shí)間開始，并繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。例句：Wewillbehavingameetingtodecidewhattodo.（我們將開會(huì)決定該做什么。）B選項(xiàng)wouldhave，woulddosth為一般過去將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)候看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。例句：Shetoldusthatshewouldnotgowithusifitrained.（她告訴我們，如果下雨的話，她就不和我們一起去了。）C選項(xiàng)wouldbehaving，should/wouldbedoing為過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示就過去某一時(shí)間而言，將來某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例句：Theysaidtheywouldbecoming.（他們說他們會(huì)來的。）D選項(xiàng)willhave，will/shalldosth為一般將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示將來某一時(shí)段的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例句：Hewillgetmarried.（他就快結(jié)婚了。）在本題中，said為過去時(shí)，也就是他過去表示他不能去的原因是他過去將要開會(huì)，所以本題應(yīng)該選擇過去將來時(shí)。句意：他說他不能來的原因是要開會(huì)。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

7.翻譯題

MacroeconomicPolicy

IftheGreatDepressionsparkedtheformulizationofmacroeconomicpolicy,thecurrentGlobalFinancialAndEconomicCrisisiswritingthenextchapterHadtherebeenapolicyinventoryfortheGreatDepression,providingtheopportunitytoobservetherangeofpoliciesfollowed,therangeofcountriesimplementingthesepolicies,andtherangeoftheimpact,formalizationoflessonslearnedintheformofmacroeconomictheorywouldhavetokenplacemoreeasilyandmoreconsistentlybybeingabletoseethelargerpicture.Thisthenshouldbethemodestgoalofpolicyinventory——totrytocapturethewhole,theglobalmacropracticesacross77countries,toaidformalizationofmacroeconomicpracticeandtheory.Whatisnotcoveredadequatelybythepolicyinventoryatthemacrolevelisimpact,forwhichamoredetailedfollow-upstudyisrecommended.

Asaresultoftheneedforatrulyglobalviewoftheproblem,thissurveyhasobservedtheentiresampleofcountries,dividingthesampleintotwocategories:high-incomecountries,andlow-andmiddle-incomecountries.Threeparticularityimportantfactorsinthepolicyinventorycanbeusedtoanalyzethepolicyresponsesutilizedduringthecrisisyears.

【答案】宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策

如果大蕭條引發(fā)了宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的制定，那么在存在一個(gè)庫存策略的前提下，目前的全球金融和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)將會(huì)使大蕭條進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的階段，使我們能夠有機(jī)會(huì)觀察由此帶來的政策相關(guān)的范圍，包括國家實(shí)施這些政策的范圍和影響范圍，由于能夠看到更宏觀的藍(lán)圖，在宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)理論中學(xué)到的形式的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)將更容易，更一致的發(fā)生。這應(yīng)該是政策庫存的適度目標(biāo)，試圖掌握77個(gè)國家的全球宏觀實(shí)踐，以幫助宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)踐和理論的形式化。在宏觀層面上，政策庫存的影響沒有充分覆蓋，對于這種影響，后續(xù)有一個(gè)更詳細(xì)的研究建議。

由于需要真正全面地看待這一問題，這項(xiàng)調(diào)查觀察了整個(gè)國家的樣本，將樣本分為兩類：高收入國家和中低收入國家。庫存策略中的三個(gè)特別重要的因素可以用來分析危機(jī)期間的政策反應(yīng)。

8.單選題

—Excuseme,sir.Wouldyoudomeafavor?

—Ofcourse.Whatisit?

—I______ifyoucouldtellmehowtofilloutthisform.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadwondered

B.waswondering

C.wouldwonder

D.hadbeenwondering

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法。wonder表示“想知道，感到疑惑”，后面接if或者whether可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，常用來表示一種委婉的請求或者疑問。這個(gè)句子表達(dá)的是一種委婉的請求，根據(jù)之前的語境可知，這里表達(dá)的是“我剛剛一直在想……”，所以要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，B項(xiàng)符合。A項(xiàng)是過去完成時(shí)，D項(xiàng)是過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但是句子并不是基于事情發(fā)生在過去的一個(gè)狀態(tài)，所以A、D選項(xiàng)排除。C選項(xiàng)表示將來。句意：我想知道您能否告訴我如何填寫這張表格。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Bobwasnota（

）manwhonevermadeaquickdecisionaboutanything.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bold

B.reckless

C.deliberate

D.rash

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。bold“大膽的，英勇的”；reckless“魯莽的，不顧后果的”；deliberate“故意的，深思熟慮的”；rash“輕率的，魯莽的”。句意：Bob不是那種在做決定之前多加思考的人。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

Itismoreimportantto（）thewayforchildren’sdesiretoknowthantoputthemonadiet（）offactstheyarenotreadytoassimilate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tackle

B.submit

C.shield

D.pave

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。tackle“應(yīng)付，處理”；submit“使服從，主張”；shield“遮蔽，包庇”；pave“鋪砌，鋪路”。pavethewayfor…為…做好準(zhǔn)備，為…鋪平道路。句意：對于孩子們來說，更重要的為他們想要了解的東西鋪平道路，而不是讓他們?nèi)ソ邮苣切┧麄冞€沒有準(zhǔn)備好去吸收的事實(shí)。

11.單選題

Thenewbiologicalpsychiatrydoesnotdenythecontributingroleofpsychologicalfactorsinmentalillnesses,butpositsthatthesefactorsmayactasacatalystonexistingphysiologicalconditionsand（

）suchillnesses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disguise

B.impede

C.consummate

D.precipitate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)disguise“掩飾；假裝”；B選項(xiàng)impede“阻礙；妨礙；阻止”；C選項(xiàng)consummate“完成；作成”；D選項(xiàng)precipitate“使（壞事）突然發(fā)生”；猛地落下”。句意：新的生物精神病學(xué)并沒有否認(rèn)心理因素在精神疾病中的作用，而是假設(shè)這些因素可能作為現(xiàn)有生理?xiàng)l件的催化劑而起作用，并······這類疾病。在本句中，“因素”與“疾病之間”是引起與被引起的關(guān)系。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Wecan’tunderstandUncleGeorge,forhealways（

）whateverhesays.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.masters

B.mumbles

C.molests

D.muzzles

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。master“控制；精通；征服”；mumble“含糊地說”；molest“騷擾，調(diào)戲；干擾”；muzzle“使······緘默”。句意：我們不能理解喬治叔叔說了什么，因?yàn)樗偸呛卣f。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.問答題

Eachyear,afewso-calledtopdesignersinParisandLondonlaydownonthelawand

A

womenaroundtheworldruntoobey.Thedecreesofthedesignersareunpredictableand

B

dictatorial.Sometimetheydecidearbitrarily,thatskirtswillbeshortandwaistswillbehigh;

C

zipsareinandbuttonsareout.

D

【答案】試題答案：A;去掉on

【解析】考查固定搭配。laydown意為“制定”，介詞on在此處是多余的。

14.單選題

Thisarticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,eachmakingonemajorpoint（

）theother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inhonorof

B.inaccordancewith

C.incontrastwith

D.inagreementwith

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)inhonorof“為慶祝”；B選項(xiàng)inaccordancewith“依照，與…一致”；C選項(xiàng)incontrastwith“與…形成對比”；D選項(xiàng)inagreementwith“同意，與…一致”。句意：這篇文章的開頭和結(jié)尾是對兩篇新聞報(bào)道的描述，每一篇都有一個(gè)主要觀點(diǎn)與另一篇形成對比。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

15.單選題

Thejobsofwildlifetechniciansandbiologistseemed（

）tohim,butonedayhediscoveredtheirdifference.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.identical

B.vertical

C.parallel

D.specific

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。identical意為“相同的，同一的”；vertical意為“垂直的，豎立的”；parallel意為“平行的”；specific意為“明確的”。

句意：野生動(dòng)物技術(shù)人員和生物學(xué)家的工作對他來說似乎是一樣的，但有一天他發(fā)現(xiàn)了它們的不同之處。

16.單選題

Afteran（）tourperformance,theactressdecidedtoflytoHawaiitohaveafullrelaxation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.generous

B.exhausting

C.favorite

D.numerous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)generous“慷慨的，大方的”；B選項(xiàng)exhausting“使人筋疲力盡的”；C選項(xiàng)favorite“最受喜愛的”；D選項(xiàng)numerous“許多的”。句意：在一場使人筋疲力盡的巡回演唱會(huì)之后，這位女演員決定飛往夏威夷度假放松。根據(jù)句意女演員決定飛往夏威夷度假放松可知前面的演唱會(huì)讓人筋疲力盡所以才想要放松。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

AlthoughAsiancountriesaregenerallymore______insocialcustomsthanWesterncountries,therehavebeenseveralnotableexamplesofwomenleadersinbothChinaandIndia.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conservative

B.confidential

C.comprehensive

D.consistent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)conservative“守舊的、傳統(tǒng)的、拘謹(jǐn)?shù)摹?；B項(xiàng)confidential“機(jī)密的、秘密的”；C項(xiàng)comprehensive“廣泛的”；D項(xiàng)consistent“一致的、調(diào)和的”；句意：與西方國家相比，盡管亞洲國家在社會(huì)習(xí)俗上普遍較為保守，但在印度和中國卻出現(xiàn)過幾位著名的婦女領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。因此該題A項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoice,wewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity.Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren’tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspacesandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecountry.Buthowrealisticisthedream?

Citiescanbefrighteningplaces.Themajorityofthepopulationliveinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappearwhenyoulivefifteenfloorsup.Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats.Childrenbecomeaggressiveandnervous—coopedupathomeallday,withnowheretoplay;theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld.Strangelyenough,whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofonestreetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon’tevensayhellotoeachother.

Countrylife,ontheotherhand,differsfromthiskindofisolatedexistenceinthatasenseofcommunitygenerallybindstheinhabitantsofsmallvillagestogether.Peoplehavetheadvantageofknowingthatthereisalwayssomeonetoturntowhentheyneedhelp.Butcountrylifehasdisadvantagestoo.Whileitistruethatyoumaybeamongfriendsinavillage,itisalsotruethatyouarecutofffromtheexcitingandimportanteventsthattakeplaceincities.There’slittlepossibilityofgoingtoanewshoworthelatestmovie.Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothe—nearestlargetown.Thecity-dwellerwholeavesforthecountryisoftenoppressedbyasenseofunbearablestillnessandquiet.

What,then,istheanswer?Thecountryhastheadvantageofpeaceandquiet,butsuffersfromthedisadvantageofbeingcutoff;thecitybreedsafeelingofisolation,andconstantnoisebattersthesenses.Butoneofitsmainadvantagesisthatyouareatthecenterofthings,andthatlifedoesn’tcometoanendathalf-pastnineatnight.Somepeoplehavefound(orratherbought)acompromisebetweenthetwo:theyhaveexpressedtheirpreferenceforthe“quietlife”bymovingtovillageswithincommutingdistanceoflargecities.Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind——theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangeandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.

Whatthenofmydreamsofleaningonaco