考研考博-英語-東北師范大學人文學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-東北師范大學人文學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Mostchildrenwithhealthyappetitesarereadytoeatalmostanythingthatisofferedthemandachildrarelydislikesfood（1）

Itisbadlycooked.Thewayamealiscookedandservedismostimportantandanattractivelyservedmealwilloftenimproveachild’sappetite.Neveraskachild（2）

helikesordislikesafoodandneverdiscusslikesanddislikesinfrontofhimorallow（3）

elsetodoso.Ifthefathersayshehatesfatmeatorthemotherrefusesvegetables,inthechild’shearingheis（4）

tocopythisprocedure.Takeit（5）

grantedthathelikeseverythingandheprobablywill.Nothinghealthfulshouldbeomittedfromthemealbecauseofasupposeddislike.Atmealtimesitisagood（6）

togiveachildasmallportionandlethimcomebackforasecondhelpingratherthangivehimas（7）

asheislikelytoeatallatonce.Donottalktoomuchtothechild（8）

mealtimes,butlethimgetonwithhisfood;anddonot（9）

himtoleavethetableimmediatelyafteramealorhewillsoonlearntoswallowhisfoodsohecanhurrybacktohistoys.Under（10）

circumstancesmustachildbecoaxedorforcedtoeat.

問題1選項

A.if

B.until

C.that

D.unless

問題2選項

A.whether

B.what

C.that

D.which

問題3選項

A.everybody

B.anybody

C.somebody

D.nobody

問題4選項

A.willing

B.possible

C.obliged

D.likely

問題5選項

A.with

B.as

C.over

D.for

問題6選項

A.point

B.custom

C.idea

D.plan

問題7選項

A.much

B.little

C.few

D.many

問題8選項

A.on

B.over

C.by

D.during

問題9選項

A.agree

B.allow

C.force

D.persuade

問題10選項

A.some

B.any

C.such

D.no

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:B

第10題:B

【解析】1.詞義辨析題。A選項if“如果”；B選項until“直到”；C選項that“那個”；D選項unless“除非”。句意：孩子往往喜歡食物，______做得很難吃。結(jié)合語境，可知橫線前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以unless“除非”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

2.考查詞義辨析。A選項whether“是否”；B選項what“什么”；C選項that“那個”；D選項which“哪一個”。句意：永遠不要問孩子______喜歡或不喜歡某種食物。根據(jù)語境，這里指不要問孩子喜不喜歡某種食物，whether“是否”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

3.考查名詞辨析。A選項everybody“每個人”；B選項anybody“任何人”；C選項somebody“有的人”；D選項nobody“沒有人”。句意：永遠不要在他面前討論好惡，也不允許其他______這樣做。根據(jù)語境，這里指也不允許別人這樣做，anybody“任何人”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

4.考查詞組辨析。A選項bewillingto“愿意做某事”；B選項bepossibleto“有可能做到某事”；C選項beobligedto“有義務做某事”；D選項belikelyto“做某事有可能性”。句意：如果父親說他討厭肥肉或母親不吃蔬菜，孩子聽到后就會______模仿這個行為模式。根據(jù)語境，這里指孩子有可能會模仿父母，所以belikelyto“做某事有可能性”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

5.考查固定搭配。D選項takeitforgranted“把……當成理所當然”為固定搭配，其余選項不能構(gòu)成固定搭配。句意：你可以想當然地認為他什么都喜歡，他很可能會喜歡的。因此D選項正確。

6.考查名詞辨析。A選項point“觀點”；B選項custom“習慣”；C選項idea“主意”；D選項plan“打算”。句意：吃飯的時候給孩子一小份飯是很好的______。根據(jù)上下文，文章在講的是如何讓孩子不再挑食，并且給了不同的方法，所以idea“主意”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

7.考查形容詞辨析。A選項much“許多的”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞；B選項little“很少的”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞；C選項few“幾乎沒有的”，修飾可數(shù)名詞；D選項many“許多的”，修飾可數(shù)名詞。句意：讓他回來再吃一份，而不是給他很可能一次就吃完的一樣______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是不要孩子能吃多少，就一次性給孩子多少，食物是不可數(shù)名詞，所以much“許多的”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

8.考查介詞辨析。A選項on“在（某一天）”；B選項over“在……之上”；C選項by“到……之前”；D選項during“在……期間”。句意：吃飯時間不要對孩子說太多話。根據(jù)語境，這里是指吃飯期間不要對孩子說太多話，所以during“在……期間”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

9.考查動詞辨析。A選項agree“同意”，不及物動詞，agreewithsb.；B選項allow為“允許；給予；認可”之意時是及物動詞，為“容許；考慮”之意時是不及物動詞；C選項force“強迫”；D選項persuade“勸說”。句意：并且不要______他飯后立即離開餐桌。根據(jù)語境，這里指不允許孩子吃完飯立刻離開餐桌，allow“允許”符合題意及語法。因此B選項正確。

10.考查形容詞辨析。A選項some“某些的”；B選項any“任何的”；C選項such“這樣的”；D選項no“沒有”。句意：在______情況下都必須哄誘或強迫孩子吃東西。根據(jù)語境，這里指在什么時候都要讓孩子吃東西，any“任何的”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

2.單選題

Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual___manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.

問題1選項

A.retains

B.gains

C.achieves

D.acquires

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.retains保持B.gains獲得

C.achieves達到；實現(xiàn)D.acquires獲得；取得

【考察點】近義詞辨析。

【解題思路】B、C、D三個選項都有“獲得，實現(xiàn)”的意思。ofreactingtosituations（對情況的反應）做habitualways（習慣方式）的后置定語。句意為獲得對各種情況做出反應的許多習慣方式。acquire指經(jīng)過努力逐步獲得才能、知識、習慣等。這里與habitualways（習慣方式）相符合。因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項retain在這里不符合句子邏輯；

B選項gain指獲得，贏得，經(jīng)過努力或奮斗獲得某種利益；

C選項得到，獲得，多指成就、目標、幸福的取得。

以上選項均不能和habitualways搭配。

【句意】正是通過學習，個人獲得了對各種情況做出反應的許多習慣方式。

3.單選題

Theinterestsoftheconsumershouldbeparamount.

問題1選項

A.supreme

B.unbending

C.superfluous

D.tangible

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.supreme最高的，至高的B.unbending堅定的，不易彎曲的，冷漠的

C.superfluous多余的，不必要的D.tangible有形的，切實的，可觸摸的

【答案】A

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】由關(guān)鍵信息Theinterestsoftheconsumer（消費者的利益）可推測，paramount的意思是“第一位的，首位的”，A選項詞義與劃線單詞含義最為接近，故本題正確答案為A選項。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項與劃線單詞的意思不符合。

【句意】消費者的利益應放在首位。

4.單選題

Canyougivemeanotherhintwithout______theanswer?

問題1選項

A.givingoff

B.givingaway

C.givingup

D.givingin

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項givingoff“發(fā)出”；B選項givingaway“泄露”；C選項givingup“放棄”；D選項givingin“屈服”。句意：你能在不告訴我答案的情況下再給我一個提示嗎？本句表示泄露答案。因此B選項正確。

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese

Youareanintelligentandarticulateperson.Youhavenoproblemgivingalucidpresentation,deliveringaneloquentspeechorparticipatinginapoliticaldebate.Youstriveformeaningfulconversationsandhavenopatiencewhatsoeverforsmalltalk.“Theweatherisnice,isn’tit?”Really,whocares?

Althoughseeminglytrivialandsuperficial,smalltalkisthestartingpointofallrelationships.Romancesandfriendshipsbeginwithsmalltalk.Inamorepragmaticlight,youcan’tavoidit.Gettingajob,workingwithcolleagues,winningnewclients—allofitrequiressmalltalk.Americanscallitthe“GiftofGab”.Wanttobesuccessful?You’dbetteracquirethisgift.AnarticleontheForbes,websitelistsafewreasonswhysmalltalkissoimportantforone’scareer.Notonlydoessmalltalkmakeusmorelikeable;inone’scareer,smalltalkisalsoa“freeoption”.

Itcanleadtoahostofoutcomes,fromamerelypleasantexchangetothesigningofamultimilliondollarbusinessdeal,saysthearticle.

Inatimewhereabigpartofourliveshasmovedonline,theartofsmalltalkiselusiveandmysterious.Theawkwardexperienceoffeelinglikeatotaloutsideratasocialfunction,suchasacompanyeventoradinnerparty,issharedbymanyofus.

Badsmalltalkerstendtodominatetheconversation.Theyspendtoomuchtimeontheirfavoritetopic,whetherit’sfootballorhowclevertheirkidsare.Theythinktheyarebeingsocialbecausetheyaretalking.Buttheyaretalkingtosomebody,notwithsomeone.Suchpeopleoftengivetheimpressionofbeingself-centeredandinconsiderate.

【答案】你聰明機靈，口齒伶俐。給出清晰的報告、發(fā)表滔滔不絕的演講、參加政治辯論，你無所不能。你在這些有意義的語言會話上花費心思，卻對閑聊嗤之以鼻?！敖裉焯鞖獠诲e，是吧？”說實在的，誰關(guān)心呢？

雖然看似瑣碎膚淺，但閑聊卻是建立一切關(guān)系的切入點。愛情和友誼都始于閑聊。更實際一點考慮的話，你不可能避免閑聊。求職、與同事共事、攻下新客戶，這些都離不開閑聊。

美國人稱之為“能說會道”。你想成功？那么你最好具備這項口才。為了說明閑聊對于個人事業(yè)的重要性，《福布斯》網(wǎng)站上的一篇文章給出了一系列解釋。閑聊不僅能讓我們更討人喜歡，對于個人事業(yè)而言，閑聊也是一種“免費期權(quán)”。文章中指出，閑聊能產(chǎn)生一系列的效果，有時不僅僅是一場愉快的交流，甚至還可以達成數(shù)百萬美元的交易。

在這個生活逐步網(wǎng)絡化的吋代，閑聊的藝術(shù)不可思議又難以捉摸。我們中的很多人都曾有過在公司活動、宴會等社交場合中上化身“局外人”的尷尬經(jīng)歷。

不抱長閑聊的人往往想要在談話中占據(jù)主動。他們花費過多的時間來談論喜歡的話題，無論是討論足球還是夸獎他們的孩子有多么聰穎過人。他們認為滔滔不絕就代表善于交際。但是他們說話的對象是些重要人物，而并非普通人。這樣的人通常會給人留下以自我為中心、不替他人著想的印象。

6.單選題

InMarch1974oneofthemostastonishingarchaeologicaldiscoveriesofthetwentiethcenturywasunearthedinthecountyofLintong,ShaanxiProvince.Anentirearmyoflife-sizedwarriorsandhorses,buriedformorethan2,200years,begantobeuncovered.Thesereplicashadbeenplacedintrenchesaroundthestill-unexcavatedtombofQinshihuang,theFirstEmperoroftheQinDynasty(221-207B.C.).Eachofthemanyhundredsoflife-sizedwarriorswasconstructedofbakedclayandpaintedwithavarietyofcolors.Mostwereobviouslyintendedasindividualportraits.

Theheadshapesofthesefiguresandtheexpressionsontheirfaceswere,moreorless,individualized,andsoeachmancouldbeidentifiedastohisplaceofregionalorigin.Thesquare-faced,broad-foreheaded,prominent-cheekbone,heavy-featured,big-mouthedandwide-cheekedonesweremodeledafternativesofcentralShaanxi.Theshorter,round-faced,sharp-chinned,andthin-lippedsoldiersweremodeledafterpersonsfromtheprovinceofSichuan.OtherswereclearlyfromGansu,andthereweresomewhoappearedtobemembersofvariousminoritiesinnorthwesternChina.Eachhaditsownhairdo:theoneswithlonghairhadthisknottedattherightsideoftheheadbecausetheQinpeopleesteemedtheright.

TothesurpriseofbothChineseandWesternarchaeologists,afewoftheclaysoldiersshowednon-Chinesecharacteristics,possiblybeingpersonsfromasfarawayasArabiaorPersia.ThiswasparticularlysurprisingbecauseithadlongbeenassumedthattherewerenopersonsfromoutsideChinalivingthereinsuchancienttimes.

Yetacenturylaterthehistoricalrecorddoesindicatelimitedcontactwithforeigners.ThereisonereportintheannalsoftheEasternHanDynasty(A.D.25-220)ofaRomanjugglerwhoarrivedinChinabywayofBurmainA.D.109,andanotherofthearrivalofanenvoyfromMacedoniaataboutthesametime.AndtheRomanhistorianLuciusAnnaeusFlorusmentionsthecomingofaChineseenvoytoRomeasearlyasthereignofAugustus(27B.C.-A.D.14).

ButextensivecontactsbetweenChinaandtheWestdidn'treallybeginuntilthenorthernSilkRoadwasgraduallydevelopedafter138B.C.Thisoverlandroutestartedatpresent-dayXi'anandpassedthroughthe

WesternCorridorbeyondtheYellowRiver,Xinjiang,Farghana(nowUzbekistan),Persia(Iran)andTajik(Iraq)whereitmetwesternboundaryoftheRomanEmpire.

FormorethanathousandyearsthisnorthernSilkRoadprovidedarouteforcaravansthatbroughttoChinadates,saffronpowderandpistachionutsfromPersia;glassbottlesfromEgypt,andmanyotherexpensiveanddesirablegoodsfromotherpartsoftheworld.Andthecaravanswenthomewiththeircamelsandhorsesloadeddownbyboltsofsilkbrocadeandboxesfilledwithlacquerwareandporcelains.

AnotherSilkRoad,documentedinthegeographysectionoftheHistoryofHanDynastywasasearoutethatbeganattheportsofXuwenandHepuontheReizhouPeninsulainSouthChina(nearwhichthecityofBeihaiisnowlocated),passedthroughtheMalaccaStraitandendedinBurmaortheHuangchiKingdomofsouthernIndia.

MoreChineseporcelainsandsilksreachedEuropebythisroutethanbytheoverlandonebecauseofpiratesandstormsatsea.SubsidiarybranchesofthisSilkRoadoftheSeareachedsuchplacesasKorea,Japan,andthePhilippinestoallowfortheexchangeofvariousgoodsnotreadilyavailableoverthelandroute.Forexample,asearlyasthethirdcenturyA.D.,thePhilippineswereshippinggoldtoChinabythisroute.

1.Eachexcavatedwarriori（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

3.Archaeologistsweresurprisedbytheexoticcharacteristicsoftheclaysolderbecause（）.

4.Itcouldbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

5.Inthepassage"SilkRoad"refersto（）.

問題1選項

A.wasgivenauniquefacialexpressionandhairstyle

B.wasmadeofstoneorclay

C.waspaintedwithonecolor

D.wasmodeledafternativesofcentralShaanxi

問題2選項

A.Theclaywarriorswereasbigasrealpeople.

B.Solders'longhairwasknottedattherightsideforconvenience.

C.Asolder'sappearancecouldtellwherehewasfrom.

D.Thesoldersrepresentedpeopleofdifferentnationalities.

問題3選項

A.nocontactwithforeignersatthattimewasknowntothem

B.noonehadeverseenforeigners

C.noforeignerscametoChinabefore138B.C.

D.norecordofforeignvisitswasavailable

問題4選項

A.moremerchantswerekilledonthesearoute

B.certaingoodsweretooprecioustobetransportedbyland

C.tradebetweenChinaandsoutheastAsiabroughtmoremoneytothegovernment

D.thesearoutewasadvantageousoverthelandroute

問題5選項

A.alandroutebywhichsilkbrocadewastransportedtotheWest

B.anyroutewhichconnectedChinawithothercountries

C.flowofgoodsfromChinatoothercountries

D.caravansthatdidbusinesswithChinaandothercountries

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Eachofthemanyhundredsoflife-sizedwarriorswasconstructedofbakedclayandpaintedwithavarietyofcolors.”可知選項B和C錯誤，根據(jù)第三段可知，兵馬俑部分人物是模仿陜西中部的當?shù)厝?，還有部分是模仿四川、甘肅、少數(shù)民族的人等，所以選項D也錯誤。選項A每一個士兵都有自己獨特的面部表情和發(fā)型，正確。

2.根據(jù)一二段的內(nèi)容可知選項A、C、D均正確，只有選項B錯誤。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Eachhaditsownhairdo:theoneswithlonghairhadthisknottedattherightsideoftheheadbecausetheQinpeopleesteemedtheright.”可知，長頭發(fā)的士兵在右邊扎個結(jié)不是為了方便，而是因為秦國人都很尊重這個發(fā)型。

3.根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“ThiswasparticularlysurprisingbecauseithadlongbeenassumedthattherewerenopersonsfromoutsideChinalivingthereinsuchancienttimes.”因為長期以來人們一直認為，在如此古老的時代，沒有來自中國以外的人住在那里。選項A符合原文。

4.最后一段主要講海上絲綢之路相對于陸上絲綢之路來說要更好一些，它可以交換在陸路上不易獲得的各種貨物，比如黃金。選項D正確。

5.文中的絲綢之路是指任何連接中國和其他國家的線路，選項B正確。選項A絲綢織錦運往西部的陸路，除了絲綢織棉還有瓷器等其他東西，除了陸路還有海路，所以錯誤；選項C商品從中國流向其他國家，還有其他國家運來中國的，所以錯誤；選項D是與中國和其他國家做生意的商隊，也不正確。

7.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

（1）Becauseanalysisultimatelyrestswiththethinkingandchoicesoftheresearcher,qualitativestudiesingeneralarelimitedbyresearchersubjectivity.Therefore,anoverridingconcernisthatofresearcherbias,framingasitdoesassumptions,interests,perceptions,andneeds.（2）Oneofthekeylimitationsofthisstudyistheissueofsubjectivityandpotentialbiasregardingtheresearcher’sownparticipationinadoctoralprogramfirstasastudentandcurrentlyasafacultymember.

（3）Arelatedlimitationwasthatintervieweesmayhavehaddifficultyadjustingto

the

researchertakingontheroleofinterviewer,aphenomenonreferredtobyMaxwellasparticipantreactivity.Becauseafewoftheparticipantsknowtheresearcher,theirresponsesmayhavebeeninfluencedoraffected.（4）Theymayhavetriedoverlyhardtocooperatewiththeresearcherbyofferinghertheresponsestheyperceivedshewasseekingorwhichtheyperceivedmightbehelpfultoher.Alternatively,becauseoffamiliaritywiththeresearcher,thesefewparticipantsmighthavebeenguardedandthereforelesscandidintheirresponses.Recognizingtheselimitations,theresearchertookthefollowingmeasures.（5）

Toreducethelimitationofpotentialbiasduringdataanalysis,theresearcherremovedallparticipantnamesandcodedallinterviewtranscriptsblindlysoasnottoassociateanymaterialordatawithanyparticularindividual.Furthermore，shemadeaconsciousattempttocreateanenvironmentthatwasconducivetohonestandopendialogue.Experienceasaninterviewer,aswellaspriorresearchexperience,washelpfulinthisregard.

【答案】由于分析最終取決于研究者的思維和選擇，定性研究一般受到研究者主體性的限制。

本研究的主要局限性之一是，研究人員以學生身份和教師身份參與博士項目的主觀性和潛在偏見問題。

與此相關(guān)的一個限制是，受訪者可能難以適應研究人員扮演采訪者的角色，麥克斯韋將這種現(xiàn)象稱為參與者反應。

他們可能過于努力地與研究人員合作，向她提供他們認為她正在尋找的答案，或者他們認為可能對她有幫助的答案。

為了減少數(shù)據(jù)分析過程中潛在偏見的限制，研究者刪除了所有參與者的姓名，盲目地對所有訪談記錄進行編碼，不將任何材料或數(shù)據(jù)與任何特定的個體相關(guān)聯(lián)。

8.單選題

7.

問題1選項

A.Shedidn’tdoanythinginparticular.

B.ShesendawoundedpersontotheER.

C.ShehadtoworkintheER.

D.Shewentskiing.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Didyoudoanythingovertheweekend?

M:Notmuch.Whatdidyoudo?

W:Ihadplannedtogoskiing.ButIwoundupworkingintheER.

Q:Whatdidthewomandoovertheweekend?

【解析】細節(jié)題。女士說：Ihadplannedtogoskiing.ButIwoundupworkingintheER(我本打算去滑雪，但不得不在設備間工作)。

9.單選題

Ithasbeenshownthatchildrenwhosmokehavecertaincharacteristics.Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellious,theirworkdeteriorates(變壞)astheymoveupschool,theyaremorelikelytoleaveschoolearly,andaremoreoftendelinquent(犯法的)andsexuallyprecocious(早熟).Manyofthesefeaturescanbesummarizedasanticipationofadulthood.

Thereareanumberoffactorswhichdeterminetheonsetofsmoking,andthesearelargelypsychologicalandsocial.Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettes,curiosity,rebelliousness,appearingtough,anticipationofadulthood,socialconfidence,theexampleofparentsandteachers,andsmokingbyfriendsandolderbrothersandsisters.

Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthehabitonceestablished,butinfactthishasprovedverydifficult.Theexamplesetbypeopleinauthority,especiallyparents,healthcareworkers,andteachers,isofprimeimportance.Schoolrulesshouldforbidsmokingbychildrenonthepremises(大樓及附屬建筑物).ThisrulehasbeenintroducedatSummerHillSchoolwhereIspentmyrules,andeveninthoseschoolswhichhavetriedtoenforcenosmokingbycorporal(肉體的)punishmentthereisasmuchsmokingasinotherschools.Nevertheless,banningsmokingisprobablyonbalancebeneficial.Teacherstooshouldnotsmokeonschoolpremises,atleastnotinfrontofchildren.

1.Inthispassagetheauthorputsanemphasison______.

2.Whichofthefollowingisacommoncharacteristicofyoungsmokers?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Thewriterconcludesthatschoolrulestoforbidsmoking______.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardshiswritingis______.

問題1選項

A.theeffectofsmokingamongchildren

B.thedifficultyinpreventingchildrenfromsmoking

C.thereasonswhychildrenstartsmokingamongchildren

D.themeasurestobansmokingamongchildren

問題2選項

A.Disobedience.

B.Laziness.

C.Lackofintelligence.

D.Vanity.

問題3選項

A.Somechildrenstarttosmokeoutofcuriosity.

B.Manychildrenstarttosmokebecausetheywanttoappearmature.

C.Inordertohavefewerchildrensmokers,parents,teachersandhealthcareworkersshouldnotsmoke.

D.Itisnotasdifficulttopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokeastodissuadeadultsfromsmoking.

問題4選項

A.shouldbeintroduced,foritreallyworksattheschoolwhereheoncestudied

B.shouldnotbeintroduced,foritmaycausedisturbance

C.shouldbeintroducedthoughitmaynotworkeffectively

D.needn’tbeintroducedaslongasteachersdon’tsmokeinfrontofchildren

問題5選項

A.objective

B.emotional

C.critical

D.indifferent

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開頭介紹了吸煙兒童的特點，接著介紹了導致兒童吸煙的因素，最后指出防止兒童吸煙非常困難，需要各界做出許多努力，結(jié)合全文可知文章的重點應該是放在防止兒童吸煙的困難上的。因此B選項“防止兒童吸煙的困難”正確。A選項“兒童吸煙的影響”，C選項“兒童開始吸煙的原因”，D選項“禁止兒童吸煙的措施”均不是文章的重點，需要A,C,D錯誤。

2.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellious（與不吸煙的人相比，他們更叛逆），說明吸煙的兒童更叛逆，更不聽話。因此A選項“不聽話”正確。B選項“懶惰”，C選項“缺少智慧”，D選項“虛榮”在文中均沒有提及，所以B,C,D錯誤。

3.客觀細節(jié)題。A選項“有些孩子開始吸煙是出于好奇心”，B選項“許多孩子開始吸煙是因為他們想顯得成熟”，由原文Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettes,curiosity,rebelliousness,appearingtough,anticipationofadulthood（這些因素包括是否有香煙、好奇心、叛逆、顯得強硬、對成年的期待）可知，好奇心和想顯得成熟屬于兒童吸煙的原因，A,B選項表述正確，排除A,B。C選項“為了讓更少的兒童吸煙，父母、教師和衛(wèi)生保健人員不應該吸煙”，由原文Theexamplesetbypeopleinauthority,especiallyparents,healthcareworkers,andteachers,isofprimeimportance.（權(quán)威人士，特別是父母、衛(wèi)生保健工作者和教師樹立的榜樣至關(guān)重要。）可知，C選項表述正確，排除C。D選項“防止兒童開始吸煙并不像勸阻成人吸煙那樣困難”，由原文Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthehabitonceestablished,butinfactthishasprovedverydifficult.（防止兒童開始吸煙應該比說服成年人戒掉吸煙的習慣要容易得多，但事實證明這是非常困難的。）可知，防止兒童開始吸煙比勸阻成年人吸煙更困難，D選項不符合原文，所以本題選D。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第三、四句Schoolrulesshouldforbidsmokingbychildrenonthepremises.ThisrulehasbeenintroducedatSummerHillSchoolwhereIspentmyrules,andeveninthoseschoolswhichhavetriedtoenforcenosmokingbycorporalpunishmentthereisasmuchsmokingasinotherschools.（校規(guī)應該禁止兒童在校內(nèi)吸煙。這條規(guī)定已被引入夏山學校，在那里我推行了我的規(guī)定，甚至在那些試圖通過體罰來強制禁止吸煙的學校，吸煙的人數(shù)也和其他學校一樣多。），說明禁止吸煙的校規(guī)可能作用不大，但作者還是堅持引入這條規(guī)定。因此C選項“應該引入，盡管它可能不會有效地發(fā)揮作用”正確。A選項“應該實行，因為這在他曾經(jīng)就讀的學校里確實有效”，B選項“不應該實行，因為它可能會引起騷亂”，D選項“只要教師不在孩子面前吸煙，就不需要引入”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,D錯誤。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。結(jié)合全文可知，文章客觀分析了吸煙兒童的特點、原因，和為了防止兒童吸煙可以采取的措施，整篇文章的態(tài)度是客觀的，不帶有主觀褒貶或個人感情色彩。因此A選項“客觀的”正確。B選項“感性的”，C選項“批判的”，D選項“無動于衷的”均不符合題意，所以B,C,D錯誤。

10.問答題

Thesmallnumberofpotentialbuyersdoesnotprovideasufficientlylargemarketforthiskindofapparatus.(enough)

【答案】Thesmallnumberofpotentialbuyersdoesnotprovideenoughmarketforthiskindofapparatus.

11.單選題

IarrivedattheairportsolatethatI（）missedtheplane.

問題1選項

A.only

B.quite

C.narrowly

D.seldom

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項only表示“僅僅，只有”，B選項quite表示“相當；非常；很”，C選項narrowly表示“狹窄地；勉強地，以毫厘之差，仔細地”，D選項seldom表示“很少，不?！薄Ｓ删湟饪芍?，我到飛機場非常晚，差點兒誤機。因此，只有C項最符合原句語境，故本題正確答案為C選項。

12.單選題

Duringadolescence,thedevelopmentof,politicalideologybecomesapparentintheindividualideologyhereisdefinedasthepresenceofroughlyconsistentattitudes,moreorlessorganizedinreferencetoamoreencompassing,thoughperhapstacit,setofgeneralprinciples.Assuch,politicalideologyisdimorabsentatthebeginningofadolescence.Itsacquisitionbytheadolescent,ineventhemostmodestsense,requirestheacquisitionofrelativelysophisticatedcognitiveskills:theabilitytomanageabstractness,tosynthesizeandgeneralize,toimaginethefuture.Theseareaccompaniedbyasteadyadvanceintheabilitytounderstandprinciples.

Thechild’rapidacquisitionofpoliticalknowledgealsopromotesthegrowthofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence.Byknowledge,Imeanmorethanthedreary"facts",suchasthecompositionofcountygovernmentthatthechildisexposedtointheconventionalninth-gradecivicscourse.NordoImeanonlyinformationoncurrentpoliticalrealities.Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent'sabsorption,oftenunwittingly,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundof,understanding,forexample,whatthestatecan“appropriately”demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe“proper”relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.Thus,politicalknowledgeistheawarenessofsocialassumptionsandrelationshipsaswellasofobjectivefactsmuchofthenativethatcharacterizedtheyoungeradolescent'sgraspofpoliticsstemsnotfrom.Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutanignoranceof"facts",butfromanincompletecomprehensionofthecommonconventionsofthesystem,ofwhatisandisnotcustomarilydone,andofhowandwhyitisorisnotdone.

YetIdonotwanttooveremphasizethesignificanceofincreasedpoliticalknowledgeinformingadolescentideology.OvertheyearsIhavebecomeprogressivelydisenchantedaboutthecentralityofsuchknowledgeandhavecometobelievethatmuchcurrentworkinpolitical-socialization,byrelyingtooheavilyonitsapparentacquisition,hasbeenmisledaboutthetempoofpoliticalunderstandinginadolescence.Justasyoungchildrencancountnumbersinserieswithoutgraspingtheprincipleofordination,youngadolescentsmayhaveintheirheadsmanyrandombitsofpoliticalinformationwithoutasecureunderstandingofthoseconceptsthatwouldgiveorderandmeaningtotheinformation.

Likemagpies,children'smindspickupbitsandpiecesofdatA.Ifyouencouragethem,theywilldroptheseatyourfeet-republicansandDemocrats,thetripartitedivisionofthefederalsystem,perhapseventhecapitalofMassachusetts.Butuntiltheadolescenthasgraspedtheintegumentaryfunctionthatconceptsandprinciplesprovide,thedataremainfragmented,random,disordered.

86.Theauthorsprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcontributestothedevelopmentofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence?

3.Theauthorusestheterm"commongroundofunderstanding"(ParA.2)toreferto（）.

4.Thepassagesuggeststhat,duringearlyadolescence,achildwouldfindwhichofthefollowingmostdifficulttounderstand?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutschools?

問題1選項

A.clarifythekindsofunderstandinganadolescentmusthaveinordertodevelopapoliticalideology.