考研考博-英語-北京外國語大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京外國語大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Jennies,theformerchairmanoftheoilcompany,criticizesseverelyhis（

）whosefalsejudgmentledthecompanytobankruptcy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.successor

B.offspring

C.predecessor

D.forefather

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。successor意為“接替者，繼任者，接替的人或事物”；offspring意為“后代，子孫”；predecessor意為“前任，前輩”；forefather意為“祖先，祖宗”。由theformerchairman（前董事長）可推測空格處指的他的繼任者，因此選A。

句意：前石油公司董事長詹尼爾斯嚴(yán)厲批評他的繼任者，他的錯(cuò)誤判斷導(dǎo)致公司破產(chǎn)。

2.單選題

TheGermancompanyretaineda（）positioninhormoneresearch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.chair

B.pole

C.soap

D.floor

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。A選項(xiàng)chair“椅子；講座；主席位；大學(xué)教授的職位”；B選項(xiàng)pole“桿；極點(diǎn)；電極”；C選項(xiàng)soap“肥皂；將肥皂涂在……上；對……拍馬屁”；D選項(xiàng)floor“地板，地面；樓層；基底；議員席”。poleposition指的是方程式賽車中的“竿位”，即決賽中排在第一位出發(fā)的選手?！案臀弧庇蓻Q賽前排位賽中成績最好的車手獲得。此外，poleposition還可表示“跑道內(nèi)圈；有利位置”。句意：這家德國公司在激素研究方面保持著有利地位。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thegirl’s（）conditionwasduetothefactthatshecouldn’tfindaperfectdressforhomecoming.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.moot

B.prestigious

C.abject

D.meretricious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)moot“無實(shí)際意義的；未決議的”；B選項(xiàng)prestigious“有名望的；享有聲望的”；C選項(xiàng)abject“卑鄙的；不幸的；可憐的；（境況）凄慘的”；D選項(xiàng)meretricious“俗氣的；華麗而庸俗的”。句意：這位女孩可憐的狀況是因她不能為校友返校節(jié)而找到一件完美的禮服。根據(jù)句意可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,turtleshavestruggledoutoftheseatolaytheireggsonsandybeaches,longbeforetherewerenaturedocumentariestocelebratethem,orGPSsatellitesandmarinebiologiststotrackthem,orvolunteerstohand-carrythehatchlingsdowntothewater’sedgelesttheybecomedisorientedbyheadlightsandcrawltowardsamotelparkinglotinstead.AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines.Withallthatattentionpaidtothem,you’dthinkthesecreatureswouldatleasthavethegratitudenottogoextinct.

ButNatureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness,andareportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles,notablyloggerheads,whichcangrowtoasmuchas400pounds.TheSouthFloridanestingpopulation,thelargest,hasdeclinedby50%inthelastdecade,accordingtoElizabethGriffin,amarinebiologistwiththeenvironmentalgroupOceana.ThefigurespromptedOceanatopetitionthegovernmenttoupgradethelevelofprotectionfortheNorthAtlanticloggerheadsfrom“threatened”to“endangered”—meaningtheyareindangerofdisappearingwithoutadditionalhelp.

Whichraisestheobviousquestion:whatelsedotheseturtleswantfromus,anyway?Itturnsout,accordingtoGriffin,thatwhilewehavedoneagoodjobofprotectingtheturtlesfortheweekstheyspendland(asegg-layingfemales,aseggsandashatchlings),wehaveneglectedtheyearsspendinocean.“Thethreatisfromcommercialfishing,”saysGriffin.Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterandalongtheoceanfloor)andlonglinefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavytollonturtles.

Ofcourse,likeeveryotherenvironmentalissuetoday,thisisplayingoutagainstthebackgroundofglobalwarmingandhumaninterferencewithnaturalecosystems.Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherbythreatofrisinglevelsastheoceanswarm.Ultimatelywemustgetahandleonthoseissuesaswell,oracreaturethatoutlivedthedinosaurswillmeetitsendatthehandsofhumans,leavingourdescendantstowonderhowcreaturesouglycouldhavewonsomuchaffection.

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Natureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness”(Line1,Para.2)?

3.WhatconstitutesamajorthreattothesurvivalofturtlesaccordingtoElizabethGriffin?

4.Howdoesglobalwarmingaffectthesurvivalofturtles?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.governmentbureaucracyhascontributedtoturtles’extinction

B.humanactivitieshavechangedthewayturtlessurvive.

C.marinebiologistsarelookingforthesecretofturtles’reproduction

D.effortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingout

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thecourseofnaturewillnotbechangedbyhumaninterference.

B.Natureisquitefairregardingthesurvivalofturtles.

C.Theturtlepopulationhaddecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.

D.Turtlesarebynatureindifferenttohumanactivities.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theirlowerreproductivelyability.

B.Theirinadequatefoodsupply.

C.Contaminationofseawater

D.Unregulatedcommercialfishing.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Therisingsealevelsmakeitharderfortheirhatchlingstogrow.

B.Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.

C.Ittakesthemlongertoadapttothehighbeachtemperature.

D.Thechangingclimatemakesitdifficultfortheireggstohatch.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“政府的官僚作風(fēng)導(dǎo)致了海龜?shù)臏缃^”；B選項(xiàng)“人類活動(dòng)已經(jīng)改變了海龜?shù)纳娣绞??！保籆選項(xiàng)“海洋生物學(xué)家正在尋找海龜繁殖的秘密”；D選項(xiàng)“人們已經(jīng)采取措施保護(hù)海龜免于滅絕”。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句Withallthatattentionpaidtothem,you’dthinkthesecreatureswouldatleasthavethegratitudenottogoextinct.

（人們對它們給予了如此多的關(guān)注，你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為這些生物至少會(huì)心存感激，不會(huì)走向滅絕。）這里可知答案選D。B、C選項(xiàng)文章沒有提及；根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句話AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines（為了保護(hù)它們在大西洋沿岸的主要筑巢地，政府已經(jīng)豎起了一道強(qiáng)大的官僚主義墻）A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

第2題:推理判斷題。題干：作者說“大自然對人類的公平觀念漠不關(guān)心”的意圖是什么。A選項(xiàng)“大自然的進(jìn)程不會(huì)因?yàn)槿祟惖母蓴_而改變”；B選項(xiàng)“在海歸的存活上大自然還是很公平的”；C選項(xiàng)“盡管人類在保護(hù)它但是海龜?shù)臄?shù)量在減少”；D選項(xiàng)“海龜天然地對人類活動(dòng)不感興趣”。根據(jù)第二段第一句…areportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles,…（……魚類及野生動(dòng)物管理局的一份報(bào)告顯示，北大西洋幾種海龜?shù)臄?shù)量出現(xiàn)了令人擔(dān)憂的下降……）從這里可知答案選C，其他選項(xiàng)，第二自然段沒有提及。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：伊麗莎白?格里芬認(rèn)為什么是對海龜生存的主要威脅。A選項(xiàng)“他們的生育能力低”；B選項(xiàng)“他們的食物不足”；C選項(xiàng)“污染的海水”；D選項(xiàng)“無節(jié)制的商業(yè)捕魚”。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段第二、三句話…wehaveneglectedtheyearsspendinocean.“Thethreatisfromcommercialfishing,”saysGriffin.Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterandalongtheoceanfloor)andlonglinefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavytollonturtles.（……我們忽視了在海洋中度過的歲月?！巴{來自商業(yè)捕魚，”格里芬說。拖網(wǎng)漁船（在水中和海底拖著大網(wǎng)）和長線漁船（可以在魚線上部署數(shù)千個(gè)魚鉤，可以延伸數(shù)英里）對海龜造成嚴(yán)重傷害。），因此，答案選D。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：氣候變暖對海龜有什么影響。A選項(xiàng)“不斷上升的海平面使它們的幼崽難以生長?！?；B選項(xiàng)“它威脅著它們產(chǎn)卵的沙灘”；C選項(xiàng)“它們需要更長的時(shí)間來適應(yīng)海灘的高溫”；D選項(xiàng)“不斷變化的氣候使它們的卵難以孵化”。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第二句話Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherbythreatofrisinglevelsastheoceanswarm.（海龜產(chǎn)卵的狹長海灘一邊因開發(fā)而受到擠壓，另一邊則因海洋變暖而面臨海平面上升的威脅。）所以答案選B。

5.單選題

Corporationsasagroupofferavarietyofjobs.Mostlargecompaniessendpeopletocollegestocollegestointerviewgraduatingstudentswiththerequiredacademictraining.Alargeuniversitymayhavemorethan500companiesayearknockingonitsdoors.Bigfirmsareyourbestplaceforajobbecausetheirnormalgrowth,employeeretirements,andturnovercreatethousandsofjobsnationwideeachyear.

Corporations,however,illustratetherulethatthebiggestisn’talwaysthebest.Manysmallfirmswithjustafewhundredemployeeshavepositionsthatmaycorrespondwithyourprofessiongoals,too.Suchfirmsmaynothavethetime,money,orneedtosendpeoplearoundtoyourcollege;you’llprobablyhavetocontactthemyourselfeitherdirectlyorthroughanemploymentagency.Don’tignoretheselittlecompanies.Theirsalariesareusuallycompetitiveandthechancesforadvancementandrecognitionevenstrongerthanthoseofabigfirm.Youcouldbecomeabigfishinasmallpond,reachingahigh-levelpositionmorequicklythanyouwouldifyouhadclimbedthemostcompetitiveladderofacorporategiant.

Forexample,asmallcompanymayneedabrightengineering,accountingormanagementgraduatewhowouldreportdirectlytotheseniorvice-presidentofengineering,thecompanycontroller,orthegeneralmanager.Inlargerfirmsitmaytakeyearstoreachlevelandaccumulatesimilarin-depthexperience.Inaddition,responsibilitiesmaycomefasterinasmallfirmwithlessspecializationandfewerlower-levelemployeestoreceivedelegatedauthority.

1.Thepurposeofthepassageis（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoflargecorporations?

3.Theword“Their”(paragraph2,line6)refersto（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofsmallfirm?

5.Withwhomisthepassagemostprobablyconcerned?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.todefinecorporationsandfirms

B.toshowtherelationbetweenfirmsandcolleges

C.toinformthejob-seekeroftheemploymentrequirements

D.togiveadescriptionofcorporationsforcollegestudents

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyonlyemploycollegegraduates.

B.Theycanoffermanyjobopportunities.

C.Theyhavemanysub-companiesnationwide.

D.Theirrequirementsareverycompetitive.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.corporations’

B.graduatingstudents’

C.smallfirms’

D.employers’

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itmaybeunnecessaryforthemtosendpeopletocolleges.

B.Theiremployeesmaybepromotedmorequickly.

C.Theymayofferpositionswhichyoudemand.

D.Theycannotaffordtosendpeopletocollege.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Students

B.Employers

C.Employees

D.Engineers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文開篇為我們介紹corporations的一些特點(diǎn)：corporations提供各種類型的工作；平均每年有超過500家corporations會(huì)派面試人員去高校找尋合適的高校畢業(yè)人才；大公司有相對完善的職工培訓(xùn)和退休機(jī)制，每年的年產(chǎn)值能創(chuàng)造出上千個(gè)工作崗位。接下來說明大企業(yè)也有一些缺陷，這些缺陷正是小公司的優(yōu)勢所在，為此作者還詳細(xì)說明了這些優(yōu)勢的具體表現(xiàn)。文章最后舉例說明與大企業(yè)相比較，小公司對畢業(yè)生而言的優(yōu)勢。本文通過比較論證讓我們更加清楚什么是corporation。A選項(xiàng)“定義corporations和firms”；B選項(xiàng)“展示公司和大學(xué)之間的關(guān)系”；C選項(xiàng)“告知求職者有關(guān)的就業(yè)要求”都不符合題意，D選項(xiàng)“為大學(xué)生描述公司”正確，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可定位到文章第一段“Bigfirmsareyourbestplaceforajobbecausetheirnormalgrowth,employeeretirements,andturnovercreatethousandsofjobsnationwideeachyear.（大公司是最適合工作的地方，因?yàn)樗鼈兊恼Ｔ鲩L、員工退休和人員流動(dòng)每年在全國范圍內(nèi)創(chuàng)造了成千上萬的工作機(jī)會(huì)。）”可知大企業(yè)工作機(jī)會(huì)很多。A選項(xiàng)“他們只雇傭大學(xué)畢業(yè)生”說法錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“他們可以提供很多工作機(jī)會(huì)”正確；C選項(xiàng)“他們在全國有很多子公司”和D選項(xiàng)“他們的職位需求很有競爭力”文中沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語義推測題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段第五句話“Theirsalariesareusuallycompetitiveandthechancesforadvancementandrecognitionevenstrongerthanthoseofabigfirm.（他們的薪水通常很有競爭力，晉升和認(rèn)可的機(jī)會(huì)甚至比大公司還要大。）”。由此可知這里是拿大公司的薪水與小公司的薪水相比。A選項(xiàng)“公司的”；B選項(xiàng)“畢業(yè)生的”；D選項(xiàng)“老板的”都不符合題意，C選項(xiàng)“小公司的”符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可定位到文章第二段最后一句“Youcouldbecomeabigfishinasmallpond,reachingahigh-levelpositionmorequicklythanyouwouldifyouhadclimbedthemostcompetitiveladderofacorporategiant.（你可以成為一個(gè)小池塘里的大魚，比你爬上一個(gè)公司巨頭競爭最激烈的階梯更快地到達(dá)另一個(gè)高層位置。）”可知小公司提供的職位比你想要的還高。A選項(xiàng)“他們可能沒有必要送人上大學(xué)”；B選項(xiàng)“他們的員工可能會(huì)升職更快”；D選項(xiàng)“他們供不起員工上大學(xué)”文章都有提到，C選項(xiàng)“他們可能提供你需要的職位”說法錯(cuò)誤，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。從文中第一段說很多大企業(yè)去校園進(jìn)行招聘并述說了你在大或者小企業(yè)里各自所獲他們各自的工作優(yōu)勢，可知本文是想給那些學(xué)生尤其是即將畢業(yè)的學(xué)生介紹一些有關(guān)大企業(yè)和小公司的特點(diǎn)，為他們就業(yè)提供更多參考。A選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生”；B選項(xiàng)“雇主”；C選項(xiàng)“員工”；D選項(xiàng)“工程師”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thetotalinfluenceofliteratureuponthecourseofhumanhistory（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anevaluationisdifficult

B.isdifficulttoevaluate

C.difficulttoevaluateit

D.itisdifficulttoevaluate

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子成分。Thetotalinfluenceofliteratureuponthecourseofhumanhistory“文學(xué)對人類歷史進(jìn)程的全部影響”為主語，沒有謂語或系動(dòng)詞，無法構(gòu)成完整的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，C選項(xiàng)內(nèi)沒有謂語動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞，代入也無法組成完整的句子，錯(cuò)誤；A，D選項(xiàng)都有各自的主語，和題干的主語重復(fù)，錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)代入能構(gòu)成完整的句子，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Agoodwayto（

）alanguageistoliveinthenativeculturewiththenativespeakers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.require

B.acquire

C.inquire

D.sustain

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。require“需要”；acquire“獲得，取得；學(xué)到”；inquire“詢問，查究”；sustain“維持，支撐”。句意：學(xué)習(xí)一種語言的好方式是跟那里的本地人一樣居住在那個(gè)國家。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Itonlytookafewsecondsforhertosize（）thesituation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.over

B.up

C.on

D.to

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。根據(jù)題干可知考查sizeup“打量；估計(jì)……的大??；判斷”，其他的選項(xiàng)都沒有這種搭配。句意：她只花了幾秒鐘審時(shí)度勢。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

AfewyearsagoaloneAmericancampaignerwroteabookinwhichhesetoutthemainpointsofhisfascinatingcrusade―toabolishtelevision.HisbookFourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevisionisanAmericancultbestseller,andaftereighteditionsitisstillgeneratingconcernandsavagedebateintheUSA.

JerryMander,aformeradvertisingexpertisconvincedthatforthesakeofourfreedom,andmentalandphysicalhealth,weshouldlearntolivewithoutTV.ThroughhisadvertisingbackgroundManderisawarehowmuchoftelevisionisconcernedwithadvertising.Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitasadeep,profoundanddisturbingactbythefewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.And,evenwithoutcommercials,heseesTVasdisturbingbecauseitcramspeople’sheadswithimageswhichalterthewaytheyfeelandbehave.Picturesformedby300,000tinydancingdotsaltering30timespersecond,bombardtheireyesaspeoplescantheimages10timesasecond.Thebrainregistersandstoresall30images,buttheconsciousmindregistersfarfewer.But,arguesMander,evenifyourejectordoubtwhatyouseeconsciously,itistoolate,thecrucialmessageshavegonehome.

HefurtherarguesthatTVisdeadeningexperienceasitisrestrictedtojusttwosenses—sightandsound.“Perceptionisdulledandflattered”,saysMander,“whenyoucan’tfeelandsmellandtotallyexperienceanevent.”Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingaflickeringscreenandlisteningtoartificialsound.Nocultureinhistoryhasspentsuchanenormousamountoftimelookingatartificiallight,saysMander,andanotherworryingfactisthatprolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,whichiswhyitisbeingusedforcertainmedicaltreatment.Researchersdonotknowiflife-longTVexposureisaphysicalriskornot,butasManderwouldargue,whyruntherisk?Itisimportantthatpeoplegetupnowandswitchoffbeforetheharmisdone,theymightalsobecomebrainwashed,orwhoknow,theymightevenbeapproachingdeath.

1.FourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevisionisabookwhich（）.

2.JerryManderobjectstoTVadvertisingmainlybecause（）.

3.Manderthinkspeople’sfeelingsandbehaviourarechangingbecause（）.

4.BywatchingTVforseveralhourseverynight,Manderimpliesthat（）.

5.MandersuggeststhatviewingTVoverlongperiodsoftime（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.causeddistresstomanyAmericans

B.achievedgreatsuccessoverseas

C.arousednation-wideinterest

D.expressedtheviewsofafascinatingman

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theunderlyingprinciplesconcernmoney-making

B.itisineffectualingettingitsmessageacross

C.afewpeoplearedeeplydisturbedbyit

D.thevaluesitconveysareacceptedbyall

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thebrainisdamagedbytoomuchsittingbeforethetelevision

B.theconsciousmindisincapableoffilteringimagestothebrain

C.theireyesscanaTVscreen10timesasecond

D.theconsciousmindisunabletorejecttheimageitsees

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.peoplewouldlosetheuseoftheirothersenses

B.people’sexperienceoflifewouldbecomedeadened

C.people’sabilitytorespondtoeventswouldlessen

D.peoplewouldcometodependononlytwosenses

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.couldleadtodeath

B.mightcausebraindamage

C.couldendangerpeople’shealth

D.wouldmakecellsmalignant

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“HisbookFourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevisionisanAmericancultbestseller,andaftereighteditionsitisstillgeneratingconcernandsavagedebateintheUSA.”，可知《消除電視的四個(gè)理由》是美國的狂熱暢銷書，經(jīng)過八個(gè)版本之后，仍在美國引起關(guān)注和激烈的辯論。可判斷出這本書引起了全國的興趣。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitasadeep,profoundanddisturbingactbythefewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.”，可知他認(rèn)為，廣告是為了利益而植入價(jià)值觀，是少數(shù)人為了一個(gè)不重要的目的對多數(shù)人采取的一種深刻而煩擾的行為。可判斷出JerryMander反對電視廣告主要是因?yàn)槠浠驹瓌t與利益相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“…arguesMander,evenifyourejectordoubtwhatyouseeconsciously,itistoolate,thecrucialmessageshavegonehome.”，可知曼德認(rèn)為，即使你有意識(shí)地拒絕或懷疑你所看到的一切，也為時(shí)已晚，關(guān)鍵的信息已經(jīng)傳達(dá)到家了。可判斷出曼德認(rèn)為人們的情感和行為正在發(fā)生變化的原因在于有意識(shí)的大腦無法過濾傳遞到大腦的信息，人們已經(jīng)潛意識(shí)里受到了影響。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingaflickeringscreenandlisteningtoartificialsound.”，可知人們只是被動(dòng)地坐著，每晚看四個(gè)小時(shí)閃爍的屏幕，聽虛擬的聲音?？赏茢喑雎抡J(rèn)為，每晚看幾個(gè)小時(shí)的電視會(huì)使人們變得被動(dòng)，反應(yīng)能力會(huì)減弱。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“saysMander,andanotherworryingfactisthatprolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,”，可知曼德認(rèn)為，另一個(gè)令人擔(dān)憂的事實(shí)是，長時(shí)間暴露在人造光下會(huì)改變?nèi)祟惣?xì)胞。可判斷出長時(shí)間看電視對人體健康有害。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

Thecentury-oldhostilitiesbetweenthetwotribeseventuallyterminatedthroughthepersistenteffortsofthelocalgovernment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.diminished

B.shrunk

C.vanished

D.worsened

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：經(jīng)過當(dāng)?shù)卣牟恍概?，兩個(gè)部落之間長達(dá)一個(gè)世紀(jì)的敵對關(guān)系終于結(jié)束了。A選項(xiàng)diminish“減少，縮小”；B選項(xiàng)shrink“收縮，回避”；C選項(xiàng)vanish“消失”；D選項(xiàng)worsen“惡化”。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指敵意消失了，terminate意為“終止，結(jié)束”，所以選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近，代入符合語境。

11.單選題

Sinceitsinception,Pakistanhasstriveddesperatelyto_____India,cultivatingtieswithanystatewillingtohelpit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.counteract

B.counterfeited

C.counterchange

D.counterbalance

【答案】A

【解析】counteract對抗,阻礙,中和;counterfeit偽造,假冒;counterchange交換,調(diào)換;counterbalance抵消,平衡。句意：從一開始,巴基斯坦就拼命對抗印度,與任何愿意幫助它的國家建立聯(lián)系。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

12.單選題

Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweird.Buttheweirdestmaybethis:artists’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.

Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewherefromthe19thcenturyonward:moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaningless,phonyor,worstofall,boring,aswe-wentfromWordsworth’sDaffodilstoBaudelaire’sFlowersofEvil.

Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensomuchmisery.Butit’snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.

Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompletelydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising,theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.

Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery:Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshipersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.

TodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable,“Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.

Butwhatweforget—whatoureconomydependsonusforgetting—isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedarttotellus,asreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends;andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.

51.BycitingtheexamplesofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthorintendstoshowthat______.

52.Theword“bummer”(Line5,paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething______.

53.Intheauthor’sopinion,advertising______.

54.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves______.

55.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.poetrynotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic

B.artgrowsoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeelings

C.poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappiness

D.artistshavechangedtheirfocusofinterest

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.religious

B.unpleasant

C.entertaining

D.commercial

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happyart

B.isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublic

C.replacesthechurchasamajorsourceofinformation

D.createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitself

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.happinessmoreoftenthannotendsinsadness

B.theanti-happyartisdistastefulbutrefreshing

C.miseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthandenied

D.theanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomybooms

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Religiononcefunctionedasareminderofmisery.

B.Artprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandreality.

C.Peoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofmodernsociety.

D.Massmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】51.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“通過引用詩人華茲華斯和波德萊爾的例子，作者想表明……”。根據(jù)第一段andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad（但他們卻選擇關(guān)注那些感覺糟糕的情感）和第二段Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewherefromthe19thcenturyonward:moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaningless,phonyor,worstofall,boring,aswe-wentfromWordsworth’sDaffodilstoBaudelaire’sFlowersofEvil.（最早的藝術(shù)形式，如繪畫和音樂，是最適合表達(dá)快樂的。但從19世紀(jì)開始，越來越多的藝術(shù)家開始認(rèn)為快樂是無意義的、虛假的，或者是最糟糕的，無聊的，就像我們從華茲華斯的水仙花到波德萊爾的惡之花。）可知，藝術(shù)家開始關(guān)注那些令人不快的情感，但最早的藝術(shù)形式都適合表達(dá)快樂，只是19世紀(jì)的某個(gè)時(shí)候，當(dāng)我們從華茲華斯的水仙花轉(zhuǎn)向波德萊爾的惡之花時(shí)，越來越多的藝術(shù)家開始把快樂看成是乏味的，虛假的，甚至是令人厭倦的；因此，可推斷出“藝術(shù)家已經(jīng)改變了興趣的焦點(diǎn)”。故D項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)家們已經(jīng)改變了他們的興趣焦點(diǎn)”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“詩歌不像繪畫或音樂那樣能表達(dá)快樂”，文中沒有將詩歌、繪畫和音樂對于快樂的表現(xiàn)力進(jìn)行比較，因此不選；B項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)產(chǎn)生于積極和消極的情感”，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)沒有錯(cuò)誤，但不是文章引用詩人Wordsworth和Baudelaire的例子所要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，所以不選；C項(xiàng)“今天的詩人較少懷疑幸?！?，文中沒有提到詩人，該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；故該題選D。

52.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】語義猜測題。題干的意思是“第五段第五行的‘bummer’是指某件事情……”。根據(jù)題干定位到第五段Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery:Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshipersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.（早期時(shí)候的人，生活被苦難包圍著。他們工作到筋疲力盡，生活幾乎沒有保障，壽命很短。在西方，在大眾傳媒和識(shí)字之前，最強(qiáng)大的大眾媒體是教堂時(shí)刻提醒信徒，他們的靈魂處于危險(xiǎn)之中，他們總有一天會(huì)成為蟲子的食物?？紤]到這一切，他們并不需要他們那些藝術(shù)也能令人掃興。），前面提到了早期人們生活的苦難，從最后too這個(gè)詞語可知他們不再需要增加一個(gè)令他們不快樂的事物；因此這里的“bummer”是表示不快樂的事情，即somethingunpleasant。A項(xiàng)“宗教的”，文章提到教堂只是舉例說明早期人們生活的苦難；C項(xiàng)“令人愉快的”與文章不符；D項(xiàng)“商業(yè)的”這一段沒有提到；故該題選B項(xiàng)“不愉快的”正確。

53.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“在作者的觀點(diǎn)中，廣告……”。第四段第二句提到Advertising,theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.（廣告和反快樂藝術(shù)的興起幾乎完全跟隨著大眾媒體的出現(xiàn)，并伴隨著它的出現(xiàn)，在這種商業(yè)文化中，幸福不僅僅是一種理想，而是一種意識(shí)形態(tài)），由此可知，作者認(rèn)為廣告并沒有創(chuàng)造幸福，而是創(chuàng)造了幸福的意識(shí)形態(tài)；因此D項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造幸福的幻覺，而不是幸福本身”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“是在反快樂藝術(shù)之后出現(xiàn)的”，文章說到了Advertising,theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia（廣告和反快樂藝術(shù)的興起幾乎完全跟隨著大眾媒體的出現(xiàn)），所以它們是同時(shí)出現(xiàn)的，因此該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)“是導(dǎo)致公眾失望的原因”和C項(xiàng)“取代教會(huì)作為主要的信息來源”文中沒有提到；故該題選D。

54.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“從文章最后一段我們可以知道作者相信……”。最后一段作者講述的是在今天這樣一個(gè)快樂唾手可得的年代，我們必須記住一點(diǎn)，那就是，只有在面臨巨大的失敗和失望的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)后取得的才是真正的快樂；而今天我們需要藝術(shù)告訴我們死亡的象征，就像宗教曾經(jīng)告訴我們的那樣，那就是反快樂文化。作者在最后提到It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.（這是一個(gè)比丁香香煙更苦澀的信息，但不知怎的，卻是一股新鮮空氣），由此可以推斷作者是想表達(dá)反快樂的藝術(shù)是令人不悅但卻令人耳目一新；故B項(xiàng)“反快樂的藝術(shù)是令人不快的，但令人耳目一新”為正確選項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)“幸福往往以悲傷告終”故意混淆了作者引用宗教的意圖，作者只是說宗教提醒人們各種痛苦的存在，而不是說幸福都會(huì)以悲傷告終；C項(xiàng)“痛苦應(yīng)該被享受，而不是被拒絕”，文章中作者只是說人們需要接受痛苦，而不是說享受痛苦；D項(xiàng)“當(dāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮時(shí)，反快樂的藝術(shù)繁榮起來”過度解讀，故該題選B。

55.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干的意思是“下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的？”。根據(jù)文章第五段第二句IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshipersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.（在西方，在大眾傳媒和識(shí)字之前，最強(qiáng)大的大眾媒體是教堂時(shí)刻提醒信徒，他們的靈魂處于危險(xiǎn)之中，他們總有一天會(huì)成為蟲子的食物）可知A項(xiàng)“宗教曾經(jīng)起到提醒痛苦的作用”正確；B項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)提供了期望和現(xiàn)實(shí)之間的平衡”，文章提到藝術(shù)表達(dá)的往往是糟糕的情感或者反快樂，作者表達(dá)人們正是需要這種反快樂去時(shí)刻提醒自己真正的快樂是什么，并沒有提到藝術(shù)能夠提供現(xiàn)實(shí)和期望的平衡，有點(diǎn)過度曲解；C項(xiàng)“人們對現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)感到失望”沒有提到，所以不選；D項(xiàng)“大眾媒體傾向于報(bào)道災(zāi)難和死亡”，文章倒數(shù)第二段第一句提到TodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenotreligious