考研考博-英語-廣州醫(yī)科大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣州醫(yī)科大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Parentsoftenfacedthe______betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paradox

B.junction

C.dilemma

D.premise

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)paradox“悖論，反論；似是而非的論點(diǎn)；自相矛盾的人或事”；B選項(xiàng)junction“連接，接合；交叉點(diǎn)；接合點(diǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)dilemma“困境；進(jìn)退兩難；兩刀論法”；D選項(xiàng)premise“前提，假定；（常復(fù)數(shù)）商店、餐館、公司等使用的房屋及土地；（常復(fù)數(shù)）上訴各項(xiàng)”。句意：父母?jìng)兘?jīng)常面對(duì)這樣的兩難處境，是選擇做他們認(rèn)為的對(duì)孩子發(fā)展好的事情呢，還是選擇對(duì)其放任自流。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Maryhasbrownhair.Infact,it’squitesimilarinshape______yours.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.to

C.like

D.as

【答案】B

【解析】考查介詞辨析。similar后面要求跟to，表示“和……差不多”。與with連用，可以是thesamecasewith...，表示“……的情況也如此”。like作介詞，表示“像……一樣”。same后面跟as，組成thesame...as，表示“和……一樣”。句意：瑪麗有棕色的頭發(fā)。事實(shí)上，和你的很相似。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.案例題

InReadingPassageIthereareseveralsections.Choosethemostsuitableheading(I-IX)fromtheboxbelowwhichbestmatchestheSectionsA-G.

NOTE:Thesearemoreheadingsthansectionssoyouwillnotuseallofthem.Youmayuseanyoftheheadingsmorethanonce.

ListofHeadings

ⅠApositiveaspectofhacking

ⅡTougherpunishmentsforhackers

ⅢResponsetoInternetsecurity

ⅣGrowthoftheInternet

ⅤResponsibilitiesofmanagers

ⅥHackersVsadministrators

ⅦDifficultyofdetection

ⅧGovernmentagencies

ⅨCommonsecuritymeasure

Example:

ParagraphAAnswerIV

1.ParagraphB（）

2.ParagraphC（）

3.ParagraphD（）

4.ParagraphE（）

5.ParagraphF（）

6.ParagraphG（）

【答案】1.VI

2.III

3.Ⅸ

4.Ⅱ

5.I

6.Ⅶ

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第三段，“the‘worm’wasintroducedontheInternettoinvade,attackandreplicateitselfonthenetwork.”，可知“蠕蟲”病毒被引入互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上入侵、攻擊和復(fù)制自己，下文繼續(xù)提到了CERT小組來應(yīng)對(duì)病毒的入侵?？膳袛喑鯞段的主要內(nèi)容為黑客和管理者。選項(xiàng)VI符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第四段，“OneoftheproblemswithInternetsecurityisthefactthattheincidentsareincreasinginsophistication.”，可知本段主要討論的是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的安全問題，緊接著下文提到了對(duì)這個(gè)問題一系列的回應(yīng)?？膳袛喑鯟段的內(nèi)容為對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全問題的回應(yīng)。選項(xiàng)III符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章第五段，“Thethingtorememberwithsecurityisthatthesystemadministrationsmustgetitrightallthetime”，可知對(duì)于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的安全問題，系統(tǒng)管理人員必須保持準(zhǔn)確。可判斷出D段對(duì)于安全問題提出了常見的應(yīng)對(duì)措施。選項(xiàng)Ⅸ符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章第六段，“TheninJuly2002,theHouseofrepresentativesapprovedtheCyberSecurityEnhancementAct.Nowifacybercrimeresultsinthedeathofanindividual,theoffendercouldfacealifesentence.”，可知在2002年7月，眾議院通過了《網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全加強(qiáng)法案》。現(xiàn)在，如果網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪導(dǎo)致個(gè)人死亡，犯罪者可能面臨終身監(jiān)禁。結(jié)合整段內(nèi)容，可判斷出E段的主要內(nèi)容為對(duì)黑客的懲罰。選項(xiàng)Ⅱ符合題意。

5.根據(jù)文章第七段，“someex-hackersusingtheirextensiveknowledgeandexperiencetojoinforceswithsecurityforcestoaidthefightagainstterrorism.”，可知一些前黑客利用他們廣泛的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)與安全部隊(duì)合作，協(xié)助打擊恐怖主義?？膳袛喑鯢段的主要內(nèi)容為黑客積極的一面。選項(xiàng)I符合題意。

6.根據(jù)文章第八段，“evenwiththeincreasedthethreatsofpunishment,computervirusesandincidentsofhackingcontinuetobewidespread.”，可知即使受到懲罰的強(qiáng)度增加，計(jì)算機(jī)病毒和黑客事件仍然普遍存在?？膳袛喑鯣段作者想要表達(dá)的意思是對(duì)黑客事件檢測(cè)的困難性。選項(xiàng)Ⅶ符合題意。

4.單選題

Thewind（）thelightoftheoillamp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.swayed

B.vibrated

C.shook

D.flickered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sway“影響；統(tǒng)治”；B選項(xiàng)vibrate“振動(dòng)；顫動(dòng)”；C選項(xiàng)shake“動(dòng)搖；搖動(dòng)”；D選項(xiàng)flicker“閃爍，搖曳”。句意：風(fēng)使油燈的燈光閃爍。因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。

5.單選題

（）theoldprofessorisstillworkinghardinhislabdayandnight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asoldheis

B.Oldasheis

C.Howeverheisold

D.Thougholdishe

【答案】B

【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。However引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句置于句首時(shí)需要倒裝，Though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句置于句首時(shí)不需要倒裝，由此可首先排除選項(xiàng)C和選項(xiàng)D；as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句置于句首時(shí)，需將表語或狀語提前構(gòu)成倒裝。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

6.單選題

Thewind______thecloudsandthesunwasagainvisible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dispersed

B.distributed

C.displaced

D.displayed

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dispersed“使分散；驅(qū)散”；B選項(xiàng)distributed“分發(fā)；散布”；C選項(xiàng)displaced“取代；移動(dòng)”；D選項(xiàng)displayed“陳列；表露（特點(diǎn)、素質(zhì)、情感）”。句意：風(fēng)______云，又看得見太陽了。根據(jù)語境，這里指風(fēng)把云吹散，A選項(xiàng)dispersed“使分散；驅(qū)散”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Theageofthegeneralpractitionerisover.Moreandmoregraduatesofmedicalschoolstendto（

）,thatis,toconcentrateonlimitedareasoftheirresearch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.generalize

B.rationalize

C.study

D.specialize

【答案】D

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。generalize“概括”；rationalize“使合理化”；study“研究，學(xué)習(xí)”；specialize“專攻”。句意：全科醫(yī)生的時(shí)代過去了。越來越多的醫(yī)科學(xué)校的畢業(yè)生傾向于專攻，即專心把精力集中在有限的領(lǐng)域。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Betweenabout1910and1930,newartisticmovementsinEuropeanartweremakingthemselvesfeltintheUnitedStates.AmericanartistsbecameacquaintedwiththenewaltontheirtripstoParisandattheexhibitionsinthefamousNewYorkgalleryb291t（namedafteritsaddressonFifthAvenue）ofthephotographerMiredStieglitz.ButmostimportantinthespreadofthemodernmovementsintheUnitedStateswasthesensationalArmoryShowof1913heldinNewYork,inwhichtheworksofmanyoftheleadingEuropeanartistswereseenalongwiththeworksofanumberofprogressiveAmericanpainters.

SeveraloftheAmericanmodernistswhowereinfluencedbytheArmoryShowfoundtheurbanLandscape,especiallyNewYork,anappealingsubject.Comparedwiththeworksoftherealistpainters,theworksofAmericanmodernistsweremuchfurtherremovedfromtheactualappearanceofthecity;theyweremoreinterestedinthe“feel”ofthecity，moreconcernedwiththemeaningbehindappearance.However,boththepaintersofthe“AshCanSchool”andthelaterrealistswerestilltiedtonineteenth-centuryorearlierstyles,whiletheearlymodernistssharedintheinternationalbreakthroughsoftheartofthetwentiethcentury.

ThegreatestofthesebreakthroughswasCubism,developedmostfullyinFrancebetween1907and1914,whichbroughtaboutamajorrevolutioninWesternpainting.ItoverturnedtherationaltraditionthathadbeenbuiltuponsincetheRenaissance,InCubism,naturalformswerebrokendownanalyticallyintogeometricshapes.Nolongerwasacleardifferentiationmadebetweenthefigureandthebackgroundofapainting;theobjectsrepresentedandthesurfaceonwhichtheywerepaintedbecameone.TheCubistsabandonedtheconventionalsinglevantagepointoftheviewer,andobjectsdepictedfrommultipleviewpointswereshownatthesametime.

1.Withwhattopicisthepassageprimarilyconcerned?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEuropeanarttrendsprobablyaffectedUnitedStatesartmostduringwhichofthefollowingyears?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasameansthroughwhichAmericanartistslearnedaboutnewmovements?

4.WhydoestheauthormentionAlfredStieglitz?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingwasafavoritesubjectforAmericanmodernists?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThedevelopmentofCubism.

B.ModernartmovementsintheUnitedSates.

C.ContemporaryartistsintheUnitedStates.

D.Theinfluenceofphotographyonlandscapepainters.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.1901

B.1908

C.1913

D.1936

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Lessonsfromsuccessfulartists.

B.Theexhibitionsatthegallery“291”.

C.TripstoEurope.

D.TheArmoryShowof1913.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Todemonstratethatphotographywasthemajorinfluenceinmodernart.

B.Tocomparehimtootherartistsofthetime.

C.Topointoutthatmanyartistlearnedtheircraftbystudyingwithhim.

D.Togiveanexampleofsomeonewhohadaninfluenceonmodernart.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Portraitsoffamouspeople.

B.Countryscenes.

C.Picturesofbuildings'interiors.

D.Citylandscapes.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.本文第一句話就點(diǎn)明了“從1910年到1930年，歐洲藝術(shù)的新運(yùn)動(dòng)開始在美國(guó)產(chǎn)生影響?！北疚闹饕v述了現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)在美國(guó)的興起到高潮，從紐約畫廊的啟發(fā)到立體派的重大突破，都是圍繞美國(guó)的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)而展開的，故本文的主題就是美國(guó)的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)。故B項(xiàng)正確。

.2主旨大意題。由第一段“ButmostimportantinthespreadofthemodernmovementsintheUnitedStateswasthesensationalArmoryShowof1913heldinNewYork,inwhichtheworksofmanyoftheleadingEuropeanartistswereseenalongwiththeworksofanumberofprogressiveAmericanpainters.但是，對(duì)美國(guó)現(xiàn)代運(yùn)動(dòng)的傳播最重要的是1913年在紐約舉行的轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的軍械庫展覽，在這次展覽中，許多歐洲著名藝術(shù)家的作品和一些進(jìn)步的美國(guó)畫家的作品一起展出。可知影響最大的是發(fā)生在1913年的軍械庫展覽。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第一段AmericanartistsbecameacquaintedwiththenewaltontheirtripstoParisandattheexhibitionsinthefamousNewYorkgalleryb291t(namedafteritsaddressonFifthAvenue)ofthephotographerMiredStieglitz.美國(guó)藝術(shù)家在去巴黎的旅行中，在紐約著名的b291t畫廊(以第五大道的地址命名)舉辦的攝影家Stieglitz的展覽中，開始了解這種新的藝術(shù)?？芍狟C兩項(xiàng)在文中有都有提及；D項(xiàng)在“ButmostimportantinthespreadofthemodernmovementsintheUnitedStateswasthesensationalArmoryShowof1913heldinNewYork,但是，對(duì)現(xiàn)代運(yùn)動(dòng)在美國(guó)的傳播最重要的是1913年在紐約舉行的轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的軍械庫展覽”有提及。故只有A項(xiàng)沒提到。

4.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞AlfredStieglitz定位到第一段AmericanartistsbecameacquaintedwiththenewaltontheirtripstoParisandattheexhibitionsinthefamousNewYorkgalleryb291t(namedafteritsaddressonFifthAvenue)ofthephotographerMiredStieglitz.美國(guó)藝術(shù)家在去巴黎的旅行中，在紐約著名的b291t畫廊(以第五大道的地址命名)舉辦的攝影家Stieglitz的展覽中，開始了解這種新的藝術(shù)?？芍狝lfredStieglitz是紐約畫廊的攝影師，他是影響現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的攝影家之一。故D項(xiàng)“舉一個(gè)對(duì)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)有影響的人的例子”正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段SeveraloftheAmericanmodernistswhowereinfluencedbytheArmoryShowfoundtheurbanLandscape,especiallyNewYork,anappealingsubject.一些受軍械庫展覽影響的美國(guó)現(xiàn)代主義者發(fā)現(xiàn)城市景觀，尤其是紐約，是一個(gè)吸引人的主題?？芍狣項(xiàng)“城市風(fēng)景”是美國(guó)現(xiàn)代主義者喜歡的主題。

9.單選題

Whyshouldanyonewanttoread（）ofbooksbygreatauthorswhentherealpleasurecomesfromreadingtheoriginals?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.digests

B.themes

C.leaflets

D.insights

【答案】A

【解析】句意：當(dāng)真正的樂趣來自于閱讀原著時(shí),為什么有人想要閱讀偉大作家的作品摘要呢？選項(xiàng)A更符合語境。

10.寫作題

Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositiononthetopic“UncivilizedBehaviorsinPublic”Youshouldwriteatleast160wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(inChinese)below:

1.在公共場(chǎng)合有哪些不文明行為

2.造成這些不文明行為的原因

3.怎樣改進(jìn)這些不文明行為

【答案】略

11.單選題

For50yearstheywereabletoproduceandselltheirgoodsmorecheaplythanothercountriesandthisgavethema（）advantageinworldtrade.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.considerable

B.concrete

C.considerate

D.conventional

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。considerable"相當(dāng)大的";concrete"實(shí)體的,明確的";considerate"體貼的;體諒的";conventional"依照慣例的;傳統(tǒng)的;常規(guī)的"。句意：50年來，他們能夠以比其他國(guó)家更低的價(jià)格生產(chǎn)和銷售商品，這使他們?cè)谑澜缳Q(mào)易中獲得了相當(dāng)大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

12.單選題

Thedirectorgavemehis（

）thathewoulddoublemypayifIdidmyjobwell.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.warrant

B.obligation

C.assurance

D.certainty

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)warrant“根據(jù)，證明”；B選項(xiàng)obligation“責(zé)任”；C選項(xiàng)assurance“保證，擔(dān)?！盌選項(xiàng)certainty“必然，確定”。句意：主管給我（）如果我工作做得好他會(huì)給我雙倍工資。根據(jù)從句后面的內(nèi)容漲雙倍工資只是一個(gè)保證，所以答案選C，A選項(xiàng)是指一種書面的證明，所以不能選。

13.單選題

Thedrugstoreatthecornerofourstreetsellsaspirinsand（）penicillinprescriptions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dispenses

B.disposes

C.disperses

D.dispatches

【答案】A

【解析】考查同形詞義辨析。dispenses“分配；分發(fā)”；disposes“處理；安排”；disperses“分散；使散開”；dispatches“派遣；分派”，此句中and一詞連接了兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，所以此處要填的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與sells是對(duì)應(yīng)的，按照常識(shí)，藥店除了會(huì)賣藥之外，也會(huì)分發(fā)一些藥品，所以此處應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)表示“分發(fā)”的動(dòng)詞。句意：在我們這條街街角處有一個(gè)藥店售賣阿司匹林并且……青霉素的處方。因此可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Many（）cametothePresident’sreception.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.person

B.characters

C.people

D.notables

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。person“人”；character“性格，品質(zhì)”；people“人，人類”；notable“名人，顯要人物”。句意：許多顯要人物前來參加總統(tǒng)的招待會(huì)。

15.翻譯題

2.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(5marks)

王毅表示，我們對(duì)美國(guó)有可能在韓部署薩德（THAAD）反導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)向表示嚴(yán)重關(guān)切。薩德反導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)覆蓋范圍，特別是其X波段雷達(dá)（X-Bandradar）監(jiān)測(cè)范圍遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出半島防衛(wèi)需求，深入亞洲大陸腹地，不僅將直接損害中國(guó)的戰(zhàn)略安全利益，也將損害本地區(qū)其他國(guó)家的安全利益。

【答案】Theproblemyoumentionedisveryimportant.WeshowgraveconcernsaboutthepossibledeploymentoftheTerminalHighAltitudeAreaDefense(THAAD)missiledefensesystembytheUSintheROK.ThecoverageoftheTHAADmissiledefensesystem,especiallythemonitoringrangeofitsX-bandradar,goesfarbeyondthedefenseneedoftheKoreanPeninsulaandwillreachdeepintotheAsianhinterland.ItwilldamagedirectlyChina’sstrategicsecurityinterestsandalsoharmsecurityinterestsofothercountriesintheregion.

16.單選題

16-20

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Liverfailure.

B.Breastcancer.

C.Kidneyfailure.

D.Diabetesoutofcontrol.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Shape.

B.Color.

C.Price.

D.Size.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itismuchsmallerthanamicrowave.

B.Itleavesmuchroomforreduction.

C.Itisadjustable.

D.Itisperfect.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itisunderaclinicaltrial.

B.Itisavailableinthemarket.

C.Itiswidelyusedintheclinic.

D.Itisintheexperimentalstage.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thecommercialcompanieshaveinvestedalotinthenewmachine.

B.Thefurtherdevelopmentofthemachineisinfinancialtrouble.

C.Thefederalgovernmentfinancestheresearch.

D.Themachinewillcomeintobeinginnotime.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】Alotofdoctorscantellwhat'swrongwithyoubysleeping,andIcandothisbysmelling.ThisactuallygoesbacktothedayofancientGreece.Forexample,youcanwalkintoaroomorgetclosetoapatientwhohaddiabetesthatisnotwellcontrolled.Thereisakindofsweetishsmell.ThatmeansIcanwalkintoaroomandtellifapatienthaskidneyfailureorliverfailure.Andnowthereisamachinethatcandothattoo.Itisfascinatingthattherehavebeenthesemachinesinthepast,buttheywerejustenormous.Thesemachinesareimpossibletouseclinically,because,youknow,inawholeroomfortheequipments.Sointhepast,theywerenotusedintherapy.Butthenewly-inventedonesareverysmallandconcise.Theyusenewlasertechnologyandnowavailablegiventhesizeofthemachine.Unliketheprevious,theyarejustofthesizeofmicrowave.However,theyareverymuchintheexperimentalstage.Interesting.Unlikeanyofthesethingswhichareproducedbycommercialcompany,thisworkisbeingdonebythefederalgovernment.

16.Whatdiseasecan’tbesmelt?

【解析】從短文開始可知，男士通過嗅覺感知有“diabetes”糖尿病病人的存在，女士接著又提到如果病人“kidney”（腎臟）或者“l(fā)iver”（肝臟）功能有問題是否能感知到。因此未被提及的病只有B（乳腺癌）。

17.Whatwastheproblemofthemachineinthepast?

【解析】從男士的話語中可知，過去使用的機(jī)器是“enormous”（巨大的），由此可知是尺寸太大的問題，故D選項(xiàng)是正確答案。

18.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

【解析】根據(jù)短文的最后一句可知，新款機(jī)器還“verymuchintheexperimentalstage”（很大程度處于試驗(yàn)階段），由此可推理得知這款機(jī)器還有很大的濃縮空間。故選B。

19.Whatstageofthenewmachineisnow?

【解析】根據(jù)上文的解析可知，D為正確答案。

20.Whatisthedifferenceaboutthemachinesfromthepastones?

【解析】在最后男士說：“與商業(yè)公司生產(chǎn)的藥品不同,這次是由聯(lián)邦政府做的”。由此可知，該產(chǎn)品是由聯(lián)邦政府支持研發(fā)并提供資金支持。故本題選C。

17.單選題

Thefarmerusedwoodtobuildahouse______tostoregrain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.where

C.with

D.inwhich

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。句意：那位農(nóng)民用木頭蓋了一所房子，用來儲(chǔ)存糧食。橫線前面部分是完整的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，橫線到句尾要么是短語要么是從句，根據(jù)語境，后面部分還原成tostoregraininahouse，強(qiáng)調(diào)在房子里面儲(chǔ)存糧食，D選項(xiàng)inwhich是修飾storegrain的狀語，A選項(xiàng)which不能作狀語；B選項(xiàng)where雖然也可以作狀語，但是指在建造房子的整個(gè)地方，而不是房子里面；C選項(xiàng)with后面接介詞to語法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearldevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunitsandagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensuses,allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.

Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdata.Thesedatamaybeeitherquantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel-variables，thatarecharacterizedbytheunderlyingcontinuumorthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizing,orreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.

Inferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanmind.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystem,whocometoschoolwithoutbreakfasthavebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.

31.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

32.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,countinganddescribingareassociatedwith______.

33.Whydoestheauthormention“mother”and“father”inthefirstparagraph?

34.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdescriptivestatisticsisbestsupportedbythepassage?

35.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleorapopulation?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedrawbacksofdescriptiveandinferentialstatistics

B.applicationsofinferentialstatistics

C.thedevelopmentanduseofstatistics

D.howtousedescriptivestatistics

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.inferentialstatistics

B.descriptivestatistics

C.unknownvariables

D.qualitativechanges

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Topointoutthatparentscanteachtheirchildrenstatistics.

B.Tointroduceinferentialstatistics.

C.Toexplainthattherearedifferentkindsofvariables.

D.Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itsimplifiesunwieldymassesofdata.

B.Itleadstoincreasedvariability.

C.Itsolvesallnumericalproblems.

D.Itchangesqualitativevariablestoquantitativevariables.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tocomparedifferentgroups.

B.Topredictcharacteristicsoftheentirepopulation.

C.Toconsiderallthequantitativevariables.

D.Totabulatecollectionsofdata.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】31.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段介紹了統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的誕生，接著介紹了兩種統(tǒng)計(jì)方法：描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)和推斷性統(tǒng)計(jì)可以解決的問題，說明本文主要講的是統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用。因此C選項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的發(fā)展和使用”正確。A選項(xiàng)“描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)和推斷性統(tǒng)計(jì)的缺點(diǎn)”，原文只介紹了這兩者的由來，沒有介紹它們的缺點(diǎn)，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“推斷性統(tǒng)計(jì)的應(yīng)用”，D選項(xiàng)“如何使用描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)”，原文介紹了描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)和推斷性統(tǒng)計(jì)兩者的應(yīng)用，所以B，D錯(cuò)誤。

32.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“countinganddescribing”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensuses,allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.（“母親”對(duì)其后代統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的影響表現(xiàn)在計(jì)數(shù)、測(cè)量、描述、制表、歸類和人口普查，所有這些導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)代描述統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的誕生。），說明計(jì)數(shù)和描述與描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)相關(guān)。因此B選項(xiàng)“描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“推斷性統(tǒng)計(jì)”，C選項(xiàng)“未知變量”，D選項(xiàng)“質(zhì)變”均不符合題意，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

33.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第一段中提到“母親”和“父親”用來說明統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的誕生和起源，運(yùn)用擬人的手法使文章更加生動(dòng)幽默，有助于讀者理解。因此D選項(xiàng)“以幽默、易懂的方式介紹統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的背景”正確。A選項(xiàng)“指出父母可以教孩子統(tǒng)計(jì)”，B選項(xiàng)“為了介紹推斷性統(tǒng)計(jì)”，C選項(xiàng)“說明變量有不同的種類”均不符合題意，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

34.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizing,orreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.（描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)是一種工具，它對(duì)極其龐雜的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行描述、概括或簡(jiǎn)化，使之成為可理解的東西。），說明描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)可以將龐雜的數(shù)據(jù)簡(jiǎn)單化。因此A選項(xiàng)“簡(jiǎn)化了繁雜的大量數(shù)據(jù)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致了變異性的增加”，C選項(xiàng)“可以解決所有的數(shù)值問題”，D選項(xiàng)“把定性變量變?yōu)槎孔兞俊痹谖闹芯鶝]有提及，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

35.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.（因此，推理性統(tǒng)計(jì)的目的就是通過了解整個(gè)群體中一部分樣本的特征，來預(yù)測(cè)和估計(jì)整個(gè)群體的特征。），說明考察樣本目的是預(yù)測(cè)和估計(jì)整個(gè)群體的特征。因此B選項(xiàng)“預(yù)測(cè)整個(gè)群體的特征”正確。A選項(xiàng)“為了比較不同的群體”，C選項(xiàng)“考慮所有的定量變量”，D選項(xiàng)“將數(shù)據(jù)集合制成表格”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

19.單選題

Wewerepleasedtonotethattheearlymorningdeliverydidn’t（

）tothetrafficjamofthebusycity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aid

B.amount

C.add

D.attribute

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)aid“資助，援助，幫助”；B選項(xiàng)amount“總計(jì)，等于”；C選項(xiàng)add“增加，添加，計(jì)算……總和”；D選項(xiàng)attribute“把……歸因于，被認(rèn)為是……創(chuàng)作的”。句意：我們很高興地注意到，早晨送貨沒有加劇這個(gè)繁華城市的交通擁擠。故C選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Goingintothediningroomwherethebanquetwasgivenlastnight,Icanseethe（）arestillonthetable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.remains

B.relics

C.remnants

D.surplus

【答案】A

【解析】句意:走進(jìn)昨晚舉行宴會(huì)的餐廳后，我能看到剩余的飯菜依然在桌上。

考查名詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。remain遺跡，剩余（物），殘??；relics遺物，紀(jì)念物；remnant剩余（主要的部分被使用后的剩余），遺跡；surplus剩余（指超過需要數(shù)量之外的剩余），［貿(mào)易］順差，盈余。因此A符合句意。

21.單選題

Pricesdeterminehowresourcesaretobeused.Theyarealsothemeansbywhichproductsandservicesthatareinlimitedsupplyarerationedamongbuyers.ThepricesystemoftheUnitedStatesisaverycomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriadofservices,includinglabor,professionaltransportation,andpublicutilityservices.Theinterrelationshipsofallthesepricesmakeupthe“system”ofprices.Thepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroad,complicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelse.

Ifoneweretoaskagroupofrandomlyselectedindividualstodefine“price”,manywouldreplythatpriceisanamountofmoneypaidbythebuyertothesellerofaproductofserviceor,inotherwords,thatpriceisthemoneyvalueofaproductofserviceasagreeduponinamarkettransaction.Thisdefinitionis,ofcourse,validasfarasitgoes.Foracompleteunderstandingofapriceinanyparticulartransaction,muchmorethantheamountofmoneyinvolvedmustbeknown.Boththebuyerandthesellershouldbefamiliarwithnotonlythemoneyamount,butwiththeamountandqualityoftheproductorservicetobeexchanged,thetimeandplaceatwhichtheexchangewilltakeplaceandpaymentwillbemade,theformofmoneytobeused,thecredittermsanddiscountsthatsupplytothetransaction,guaranteesontheproductorservice,deliveryterms,returnprivileges,andotherfactors.Inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotal“package”beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thepricesystemisrelatedprimarilyto（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTafactorinthecompleteunderstandingofprice?

4.Inthelastsentenceofthepassage,“they”refersto（

）.

5.Theparagraphfollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscusses（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheInherentWeaknessesofthePriceSystem

B.TheComplexitiesofthePriceSystem

C.CreditTermsinTransactions

D.ResourceAllocationandthePublicSector

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.laborandeducation

B.transportationandinsurance

C.utilitiesandrepairs

D.productsandservices

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Instructionsthatcomewithaproduct

B.Thequantityofaproduct

C.Thequalityofaproduct

D.Warrantiesthatcoveraproduct

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.returnprivileges

B.allthefactors

C.buyerandseller

D.money

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.unusualwaystoadvertiseproducts

B.typesofpaymentplansforservice

C.theoriesabouthowproductsaffectdifferentlevelsofsociety

D.howcertainelementsofaprice"package”influenceitsmarketvalue

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由第一段“ThepricesystemoftheUnitedStatesisaverycomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriadofservices,includinglabor,professionaltransportation,andpublicutilityservices.美國(guó)的價(jià)格系統(tǒng)是非常復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)狀系統(tǒng)，包括經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中一切產(chǎn)品買賣的價(jià)格，也包括名目繁多的各種服務(wù)，如勞動(dòng)力、專職交通、公共事業(yè)等服務(wù)的價(jià)格?！笨芍疚闹饕獌?nèi)容為美國(guó)的復(fù)