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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-慶陽職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題
Allthepartsofthewashingmachineare(),sothatitisveryconvenienttoreplacethem.
問題1選項
A.normalized
B.standardized
C.mechanized
D.modernized
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項normalize“正?;?,常規(guī)化,規(guī)格化”;B選項standardize“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化”;C選項mechanize“使機(jī)械化,機(jī)械化”;D選項modernize“使現(xiàn)代化”,句意:這臺洗衣機(jī)的所有零件都標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化了,所以要更換它們很方便。由選項意思和句意可知,B選項符合句意。
2.寫作題
Directions:Givealistofatleast5examplesofhowChinesecultureshinesaIdazzlingOlympicsopeningceremony,e.g.thepercussionrhythmsof2,008fouls,aprimitiveinstrumenlmadeofclayorbronze.RememberIowriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.
【答案】略
3.單選題
Judgesmustbefirm,fairand(
)intheirapplicationofthelaw.
問題1選項
A.normal
B.virtual
C.consistent
D.incessant
【答案】C
【解析】考察形容詞辨析。normal“正常的”;virtual“虛擬的”;consistent“一致的”;incessant“持續(xù)不斷的”。句意:法官在實(shí)施法律時,必須做到堅定、公正、一致。選項C符合句意。
4.單選題
Topreventrogueserversfrom______dataintransit,theserversthemselvesshouldbedigitallyauthenticatedbeforeanydataismovedbetweenthem.
問題1選項
A.interfering
B.intercepting
C.interrupting
D.intervening
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項interfere“干擾”,B項intercept“攔截,竊聽”,C項interrupt“中斷,打斷”,D項intervene“干涉,插入”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞rogueservers(流氓服務(wù)器)和data(數(shù)據(jù))可知,空格部分表示“攔截”符合句意。句意:為了防止非法服務(wù)器攔截傳輸中的數(shù)據(jù),在服務(wù)器之間移動任何數(shù)據(jù)之前,應(yīng)該對服務(wù)器本身進(jìn)行數(shù)字身份驗證。因此,該題選擇B項正確。
5.單選題
TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy,accordingtoanewreportfromtheHudsonInstitute,apublicpolicyresearchorganization.Currently,manyolderexperiencedworkersretireatanearlyage.Accordingtotherecentlyissuedstatistics,79percentofqualifiedworkersbegincollectingretirementbenefitsatage62;ifthattrendcontinues,therewillbealaborshortagethatwillhindertheeconomicgrowthinthetwenty-firstcentury.
OlderAmericansconstituteanincreasingproportionofthepopulation,accordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau,andthepopulationofthoseoverage65willgrowby60%between2001and2020.Duringthesameperiod,thegroupaged18to44willincreasebyonly4%.Keepingolderskilledworkersemployed,evenparttime,wouldincreaseU.S.economicoutputandstrengthenthetaxbase;butwithoutsignificantpolicyreforms,massiveearlyretirementamongbabyboomersseemsmorelikely.
Retirementatage62isaneconomicallyrationaldecisiontoday.SocialSecurityandMedicaidearningslimitsandtaxpenaltiessubjectourmostexperiencedworkerstomarginaltaxratesashighas67%.SocialSecurityformulasencourageearlyretirement.Althoughincomesusuallyrisewithadditionalyearsofwork,anypayincreasesafterthe35-yearmarkresultinhighersocialSecuritytaxesbutonlysmallincreasesinbenefits.
HudsonInstituteresearchersbelievethatfederaltaxandbenefitpoliciesareatfaultandreformsareurgentlyneeded,buttheydisagreewiththepopularproposalthatmucholderAmericanswillhavetoworkbecauseSocialSecuritywillnotsupportthemandthatbabyboomersarenotsavingenoughforretirement.Accordingtotheincreasein401(k)andKeoghretirementplans,theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet,andthelikelihoodoflargeinheritances,thereisevidencethatbabyboomerswillreachage65withgreaterfinancialassetsthanpreviousgenerations.
TheHudsonInstituteadvocatesreforminggovernmentpoliciesthatnowdiscourageworkandsavings,especiallyforolderworkers.Amongthereport’srecommendations:taxhalfofallSocialSecuritybenefits,regardlessofotherincome;provide8%largerbenefitsforeachyearbeyond65;andpermitworkersnearingretirementtonegotiatecompensationpackagesthatmayincludealowersalarybutwithgreaterhealthcarebenefits.However,itmaytakerealandfruitfulplanningtofindtherightsolutiontotheearlyretirementofolderexperiencedworkers;anymeasurestakenmustbeallowedtoprolongtheserviceabilityofolderexperiencedworkers.
1.AccordingtoHudsonInstituteresearcher,theeffectoftheearlyretirementofqualifiedworkersintheU.S.economyis________.
2.TheoldexperiencedworkersinAmericatendtoretireearlybecausetheirprolongedservicemay________.
3.Thesecondparagraphiswrittenchieflytoshowthat________.
4.Whenmentioning“theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet”thewriter________.
5.Towardstheissue,whatthewriterismostconcernedaboutwillbe________.
問題1選項
A.constructive
B.significant
C.inconclusive
D.disadvantageous
問題2選項
A.doharmtoyoungergenerations
B.endupwithfewornobenefits
C.giveplaytotheirpotentials
D.shedlightonsocialtrends
問題3選項
A.therewillbeanacutelaborshortageinthenearfutures
B.baby-boomerscontributemuchtotheUSeconomic
C.governmentpoliciesconcerningolderpeopleareout-dated
D.olderworkersareenthusiasticaboutcollectingsocialbenefits
問題4選項
A.iscallingattentiontotheprivilegestowhichbaby-boomersareentitled
B.iscallingforthegovernmenttotakecountermeasuresagainstlaborshortage
C.isrefutinganotionaboutexperiencedworkers’earlyretirement
D.isjustifyingtheineffectivenessoffederaltaxandbenefitpolicies
問題5選項
A.toadvocateradicallyreforminggovernmentpolicies
B.totakeintoaccountthebenefitsuponretirement
C.toputinpracticewhatHudsonresearchersbelievein
D.toprolongthepracticabilityofolderexperiencedemployees
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】1.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy,accordingtoanewreportfromtheHudsonInstitute,apublicpolicyresearchorganization.(公共政策研究機(jī)構(gòu)哈德遜研究所的一份新報告顯示,有經(jīng)驗的工人提前退休正嚴(yán)重?fù)p害美國經(jīng)濟(jì)。),可知有經(jīng)驗的工人提前退休具有弊端,D選項“不利的”正確。A選項“建設(shè)性的”,B選項“意義重大的”和C選項“無定論的”屬于無中生有。因此D選項正確。
2.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Retirementatage62isaneconomicallyrationaldecisiontoday.(在今天,62歲退休在經(jīng)濟(jì)上是一個理性的決定。)和最后一句Althoughincomesusuallyrisewithadditionalyearsofwork,anypayincreasesafterthe35-yearmarkresultinhighersocialSecuritytaxesbutonlysmallincreasesinbenefits.(盡管收入通常會隨著工作年限的增加而增加,但35年之后的任何工資增長都會導(dǎo)致社會保障稅的增加,而福利只會小幅增加。),可知許多人希望盡早退休的原因是好處不夠,B選項“最終得到很少的好處或得不到好處”正確。A選項“對年輕一代有害”和C選項“發(fā)揮他們的潛力”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有。D選項“闡明社會趨勢”:根據(jù)第一段最后一句ifthattrendcontinues,therewillbealaborshortagethatwillhindertheeconomicgrowthinthetwenty-firstcentury.(如果這種趨勢繼續(xù)下去,勞動力短缺將會阻礙21世紀(jì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。),社會趨勢指的是許多有經(jīng)驗的老工人很早就退休了,但這不是他們退休的原因,屬于出處錯位。因此B選項正確。
3.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】推理判斷題。第二段第一句指出人口老齡化會加劇,第二句指出年輕人群的增長很少,第三句建議讓年長的技術(shù)工人繼續(xù)就業(yè)以維持勞動力數(shù)量,如果不改革,勞動力缺乏的情況會更嚴(yán)重,綜合可知,A選項“在不久的將來,將會嚴(yán)重勞動力短缺”正確。B選項“嬰兒潮一代對美國經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)很大”:根據(jù)第二段最后一句butwithoutsignificantpolicyreforms,massiveearlyretirementamongbabyboomersseemsmorelikely.(但如果不進(jìn)行重大政策改革,嬰兒潮一代大規(guī)模提前退休的可能性似乎更大。),這里沒有講嬰兒潮一代對美國經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)很大,屬于曲解原文。C選項“政府有關(guān)老年人的政策已經(jīng)過時了”:文中沒有提到關(guān)于老年人的政策,屬于無中生有。D選項“年長的工人熱衷于將社會福利收入囊中”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有。因此A選項正確。
4.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章在第四段第一句提出HudsonInstituteresearchersbelievethatfederaltaxandbenefitpoliciesareatfaultandreformsareurgentlyneeded,buttheydisagreewiththepopularproposalthatmucholderAmericanswillhavetowork(哈德遜研究所的研究人員認(rèn)為,聯(lián)邦稅收和福利政策是錯誤的,改革迫在眉睫,但他們不同意一項廣受歡迎的提議,即美國老年人必須工作。),可知作者贊同美國老年人必須工作的觀點(diǎn),隨后在第四段最后一句提出Accordingto…theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet…thereisevidencethatbabyboomerswillreachage65withgreaterfinancialassetsthanpreviousgenerations.(根據(jù)華爾街股市的持續(xù)上漲……有證據(jù)表明,嬰兒潮一代將工作到65歲,比前幾代人擁有更多的金融資產(chǎn)。),可知華爾街股市持續(xù)上漲的例子是為了支持上面美國老年人必須工作的觀點(diǎn),C選項“反駁有經(jīng)驗的工人提前退休的觀點(diǎn)”正確。A選項“正在呼吁人們關(guān)注嬰兒潮一代所享有的特權(quán)”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有。B選項“要求政府采取對策解決勞動力短缺問題”:這里沒有提到解決勞動力短缺的問題,屬于出處錯位。D選項“為聯(lián)邦稅收和福利政策的無效辯護(hù)”:作者和哈德遜研究所一樣認(rèn)為聯(lián)邦稅收和福利政策是錯誤,不符合文章內(nèi)容,屬于反向干擾。因此C選項正確。
5.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章第一段提出有經(jīng)驗的工人提前退休具有危害,第二段提出需要用政策使他們延長就業(yè),第三段指出他們?yōu)槭裁磿崆巴诵?,第四段?qiáng)調(diào)老員工必須工作,第五段闡述了哈德遜研究所對有經(jīng)驗的老員工提前退休的建議后總結(jié)必須延長有經(jīng)驗的老員工的工作時間。文章在各個方面闡述為什么需要延長有經(jīng)驗的老員工的工作時間,也給出了建議,D選項“給有經(jīng)驗的老員工延長工作時間的可行性”正確。A選項“主張徹底改革政府政策”:文章只涉及到老員工提前退休的政策,沒有提出讓政府徹底改革,屬于偷換概念。B選項“考慮退休后的福利”:這只是文章的部分內(nèi)容,屬于以偏概全。C選項“將哈德遜研究人員所相信的付諸實(shí)踐”:作者引用哈德遜研究人員的研究內(nèi)容只是為了佐證自己的觀點(diǎn),不是想表達(dá)的重點(diǎn),屬于曲解原文。因此D選項正確。
6.單選題
AlthoughIdon’twishto______yourcontribution,Ifeelwemustplaceitintitsproperperspective.
問題1選項
A.magnify
B.expurgate
C.denigrate
D.belittle
【答案】D
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項magnify表示“放大,贊美”,B項expurgate表示“刪除,刪去”,C項denigrate表示“詆毀,使變黑,玷污”,D項belittle表示“輕視,貶低”。Although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,根據(jù)主句的內(nèi)容“我覺得我們必須正確地看待它”可推知,Idon’twishto______yourcontribution表示的是“我不想貶低你的貢獻(xiàn)”。句意:雖然我不想貶低你的貢獻(xiàn),但我覺得我們必須正確看待它。因此,該題選擇D項正確。
7.單選題
________canbeseenfromthecomparisonofthesefigures,theprincipleinvolvestheactiveparticipationofthepatientinthemodificationofhiscondition.
問題1選項
A.As
B.What
C.That
D.It
【答案】A
【解析】考查從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意:()從這些數(shù)字的比較可以看出,其原理涉及到病人積極參與病情的改善。兩個句子之間缺少連詞,所以不能只單獨(dú)加主語,此句是非限制性定語從句。根據(jù)句意as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句來修飾整個主句最合適,所以答案選A。what和that都不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,所以B,C不選。
8.單選題
Thesamefactorspushwagesandpricesuptogether,theone(
)theother.
問題1選項
A.emphasizing
B.reinforcing
C.multiplying
D.increasing
【答案】B
【解析】動詞辨析題。emphasize強(qiáng)調(diào);reinforce加強(qiáng),加固;multiply增加;increase增強(qiáng),提高。
句意:相同的因素推動工資和物價同時上漲,二者相互促進(jìn)。這里指由于相互促進(jìn)而增強(qiáng),所以選項B最為恰當(dāng)。
9.單選題
Itcannotbedeniedthattheexistingresourcesonearthwillbedepleted,butscientistsare()toconcedetheinevitabilityofthatday,realizingthatnewenergiescanbefoundinthenearfuture.
問題1選項
A.bound
B.unprepared
C.hesitant
D.likely
【答案】D
【解析】固定搭配。句意:毫無疑問,地球上存在的資源將會枯竭。但是科學(xué)家認(rèn)為
在不久的將來會發(fā)現(xiàn)新的資源。bound有義務(wù)的;unprepared沒有準(zhǔn)備好的;hesitant有疑慮的;likely可能的。此處,belikelyto為固定搭配,意為“可能做某事”。故選D。
10.單選題
Despitealmostuniversal_______ofthevitalimportanceofwomen’sliteracy,educationremainsadreamformanywomeninfartoomanycountriesoftheworld.
問題1選項
A.confession
B.identification
C.acknowledgement
D.compliment
【答案】C
【解析】名詞詞義辨析。confession“坦白,供認(rèn)”;identification“鑒定;身份證”;acknowledgement“承認(rèn),確認(rèn)”;compliment“贊美”。句意:盡管女性文化的重要性成為統(tǒng)一承認(rèn)的事情,但是在世界的許多國家,教育仍然是許多女性的夢想。選項C符合題意。
11.單選題
Ⅲ.(InternationalLaw)
ThePanelobservesthatArticle1.1oftheTRIPSAgreementprovidesasfollows:“MembersshallgiveeffecttotheprovisionsofthisAgreement.Membersmay,butshallnotbeobligedto,implementintheirlawmoreextensiveprotectionthanisrequiredbythisAgreement,providedthatsuchprotectiondoesnotcontravenetheprovisionsofthisAgreement.MembersshallbefreetodeterminetheappropriatemethodofimplementingtheprovisionsofthisAgreementwithintheirownlegalsystemandpractice.”
ThefirstsentenceofArticle1.1setsoutthebasicobligationthatMembers“shallgiveeffect”totheprovisionsofthisAgreement.ThismeansthattheprovisionsoftheAgreementareobligationswherestated,andthefirstsentenceofArticle61sostates.ThesecondsentenceofArticle1.1clarifiesthattheprovisionsoftheAgreementareminimumstandardsonly,inthatitgivesMembersthefreedomtoimplementahigherstandard,subjecttoacondition.ThethirdsentenceofArticle1.1doesnotgrantMembersfreedomtoimplementalowerstandard,butrathergrantsfreedomtodeterminetheappropriatemethodofimplementationoftheprovisionstowhichtheyarerequiredtogiveeffectunderthefirstsentence.ThePanelagreesthatdifferencesamongMembers’respectivelegalsystemsandpracticestendtobemoreimportantintheareaofenforcement.However,acoherentreadingofthethreesentencesofArticle1.1doesnotpermitdifferencesindomesticlegalsystemsandpracticestojustifyanyderogationfromthebasicobligationtogiveeffecttotheprovisionsonenforcement.
Therefore,thestandardofcompliancewithArticle61istheminimuminternationallyagreedstandardsetoutinthatArticle.TheminimumstandardinArticle61doesnotdefertoChina’sdomesticpracticeonthedefinitionofcriminalliabilityandsanctionsforotherwrongfulactsinareasnotsubjecttointernationalobligationsundertheTRIPSAgreement,unlessitsostates.Forexample,thesecondsentencerefersto“crimesofacorrespondinggravity”,whichmightrefertodomesticpracticeinotherareas.However,thefirstsentenceofArticle61doesnotmakeanysuchreference.
Fortheabovereasons,thePanelconfirmsitsviewthatthefirstsentenceofArticle61oftheTRIPSAgreementimposesanobligation.ThePanelwillnowturntothetermsusedinthatprovision,readincontextandinlightoftheobjectandpurposeoftheAgreement,todeterminethescopeandcontentofthatobligation.
59.WhatisrequiredbyArticle1.1ofTRIPS?
60.Whichoftheflowingisthemostsuitabletopicforthe2ndparagraph?
61.OnecaninferfromtheunderlinedphrasethatthefirstsentenceofArticle61___.
62.Theunderlinedphrase“deferto”inthe3rdparagraphmeansto___.
問題1選項
A.ToprovidethesametreatmenttonationalsofotherWTOmembers.
B.ToprovidemoreextensiveprotectionthanrequiredbyTRIPS.
C.TotakespecificmethodtoimplementtheprovisionsofTRIPS.
D.TogiveeffecttotheprovisionsofTRIPS.
問題2選項
A.TheinterpretationofArticle1.1ofTRIPS.
B.ObligationssetoutinArticle1.1ofTRIPScannotbederogated.
C.ObligationssetoutinArticle1.1ofTRIPS.
D.The3sentencesofArticle1.1ofTRIPShavedifferentmeaning.
問題3選項
A.makessomestatements
B.sostates
C.isanobligationoftheWTOmembers
D.isthesameastheprovisionsofTRIPS
問題4選項
A.delay
B.givewaytosomebody’sjudgment
C.respect
D.postpone
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:C
【解析】59.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Article1.1oftheTRIPSAgreementprovidesasfollows:“MembersshallgiveeffecttotheprovisionsofthisAgreement.Membersmay,butshallnotbeobligedto,implementintheirlawmoreextensiveprotectionthanisrequiredbythisAgreement,providedthatsuchprotectiondoesnotcontravenetheprovisionsofthisAgreement…”(《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定》第1.1條規(guī)定如下:“各成員應(yīng)實(shí)施本協(xié)定的各項規(guī)定。各成員可以(但不應(yīng)被迫)在其法律中實(shí)施比本協(xié)定要求的更廣泛的保護(hù),只要此種保護(hù)不違反本協(xié)定的規(guī)定……”)可知選D選項“實(shí)施《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定》條款”,以及B選項“提供比《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定》要求的更廣泛的保護(hù)”不符合原文,原文是需要在“此種保護(hù)不違反本協(xié)定的規(guī)定”這個前提下;A選項“向其他世貿(mào)組織成員的國民提供同樣的待遇”和C選項“采取具體方法實(shí)施《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定》條款”第一段未提及。因此D選項正確。
60.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段ThefirstsentenceofArticle1.1setsoutthebasicobligationthatMembers“shallgiveeffect”totheprovisionsofthisAgreement…ThesecondsentenceofArticle1.1clarifiesthattheprovisionsoftheAgreementareminimumstandardsonly,inthatitgivesMembersthefreedomtoimplementahigherstandard,subjecttoacondition.ThethirdsentenceofArticle1.1doesnotgrantMembersfreedomtoimplementalowerstandard…(第1.1條第一句規(guī)定了成員“應(yīng)使”本協(xié)定條款生效的基本義務(wù)……第1.1條的第二句話澄清了《協(xié)定》的規(guī)定僅是最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn),因為它給予成員執(zhí)行更高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的自由,但須有一個條件。第1.1條第3句不給予成員執(zhí)行較低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的自由……)可知第二段都在解釋說明Article1.1oftheTRIPSAgreement(《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定》第1.1條)的內(nèi)容,選A選項“對與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定》第1.1條的解釋”;B選項“不能減損《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定》第1.1條規(guī)定的義務(wù)”,C選項“《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定》第1.1條規(guī)定的義務(wù)”以及D選項“《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定》第1.1條的3句話有不同的含義”都是第二段的片面內(nèi)容,不足以概括整個段落。因此A選項正確。
61.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文劃線句子部分ThismeansthattheprovisionsoftheAgreementareobligationswherestated,andthefirstsentenceofArticle61sostates.(這意味著,《協(xié)定》的規(guī)定在規(guī)定的地方是義務(wù),第61條第一句就說明了這一點(diǎn)),這里所提到的這一點(diǎn)即第二段第一句的內(nèi)容ThefirstsentenceofArticle1.1setsoutthebasicobligationthatMembers“shallgiveeffect”totheprovisionsofthisAgreement.(第1.1條第一句規(guī)定了成員應(yīng)實(shí)施”本協(xié)定各項規(guī)定的基本義務(wù)。),選C選項“是世貿(mào)組織成員的義務(wù)”;A選項“做一些陳述”,B選項“這樣說的”以及D選項“與《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定》條款相同”都不符合原文。因此C選項正確。
62.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】詞義推測題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段TheminimumstandardinArticle61doesnotdefertoChina’sdomesticpracticeonthedefinitionofcriminalliability(第六十一條的最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不尊重我國國內(nèi)對刑事責(zé)任定義的實(shí)踐),deferto在本句中表示“尊重;聽從”;A選項“延遲”;B選項“讓步于某人的判斷”;C選項“尊重”;D選項“推遲”。因此C選項正確。
12.單選題
Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror—theglassofaroofinagreenhousewhichallowsthesun’sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.
Accordingtoaweatherexpert’sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3warmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetersandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth’schieffood-growingzones.
Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthinkericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.
SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.
However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?
Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand“cold”spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror“colder”facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth’satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsovariableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.
Scientistsarenowfindingmutualrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolar-weatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.
41.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould______.
42.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain______.
43.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis______.
44.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsareoftheopinionthat______.
45.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,______.
問題1選項
A.preventthesun’sraysfromreachingtheearth’ssurface
B.meanawarmingupintheArctic
C.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere
D.raisethetemperatureoftheearth’ssurface
問題2選項
A.thegreenhouseeffect
B.thesolareffectsontheearth
C.themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions
D.thecauseaffectingweather
問題3選項
A.mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising
B.possiblybecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting
C.exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate
D.partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy
問題4選項
A.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler
B.itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth’sclimatetotakeeffect
C.theman-madewarmingeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects
D.thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect
問題5選項
A.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuels
B.icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere
C.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly
D.thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearth
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:D
第3題:D
第4題:A
第5題:D
【解析】41.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“可以得出結(jié)論的是,大氣中二氧化碳的濃度將會……”。根據(jù)文章第一段carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror—theglassofaroofinagreenhousewhichallowsthesun’sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.(二氧化碳的作用就像一面單向鏡子——溫室屋頂?shù)牟A?,它允許陽光進(jìn)入,但阻止熱量逸出。)可知A項“阻止太陽光線到達(dá)地球表面”,內(nèi)容與文章內(nèi)容相反;B項“意味著北極的氣候變暖”,第三段最后兩句提到ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.(但是,氣象專家現(xiàn)在把更多的注意力放在了南極西部,那里可能只會受到幾度的變暖的影響:換句話說,由于燃料的燃燒,在未來的50年里可能會出現(xiàn)這樣的變暖),由此可知,現(xiàn)在南極氣溫更容易受氣候變暖的影響,所以B項內(nèi)容不準(zhǔn)確;C項“導(dǎo)致了北半球氣候的巨大變化”,內(nèi)容與原文所說正相反,第五段第一句提到However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.(然而,大部分燃料是在北半球燃燒的,那里的氣溫似乎正在下降),由此可知二氧化碳會使大氣溫度上升,但事實(shí)上氣溫卻在降低,所以是無法用二氧化碳來解釋北半球氣溫變化的,C項錯誤;根據(jù)第四段最后兩句話Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.(現(xiàn)有的證據(jù)表明氣候已經(jīng)變暖。這符合二氧化碳使地球變暖的理論。)可知D項“提高地球表面的溫度”符合題意。因此該題選D。
42.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“文章是用來解釋……”。從全文來看,作者主要探討了兩種對大氣溫度變化產(chǎn)生影響的原因——人為因素和自然因素。若以人為原因為主,現(xiàn)在的大氣溫度應(yīng)比以前更高,但事實(shí)上相反,大氣溫度似乎在下降;若以自然原因為主,現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該進(jìn)入一個新的冰河時代,但是又沒有,說明二氧化碳與太陽在相互影響著大氣的溫度,只有D項“影響天氣的原因”全面表達(dá)了文章的內(nèi)容,即解釋影響天氣的原因。A項“溫室效應(yīng)”和B項“太陽對地球的影響”都只是其中一個原因,不夠全面。C項“太陽-天氣相互作用的模型”太片面,也不選。因此該題選D。
43.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“雖然北半球的燃料消耗較大,但那里的氣溫似乎在下降。這是……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章的第五段第二句Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.(因此,科學(xué)家得出結(jié)論,到目前為止,自然對天氣的影響已經(jīng)超過了人類造成的影響),接著作者在第六段提到Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun....itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.(一種可能是太陽的變化……它的熱量輸出呈周期性上升和下降,最新的趨勢是下降),由此可知,影響北半球氣溫下降的原因有一部分是自然的影響,因此D項“部分原因是太陽能輸出的變化”符合題意。A項“主要是因為二氧化碳的含量在上升”,第七段提到Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.(如果這是正確的,那么二氧化碳的變暖效應(yīng)可能會起到有效的平衡太陽熱量遞減的作用),由此可知,大氣中不斷上升的二氧化碳濃度能平衡氣溫中不斷消失的太陽熱量,所以A項內(nèi)容不正確;B項“可能是因為兩極的冰蓋正在融化”,與題干無關(guān);C項“這完全是由于地球氣候慣性的影響”,內(nèi)容太絕對。因此該題選D。
44.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)他們的模型,科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為……”。根據(jù)文章的第七段的第二句話…thatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAge(這些模型預(yù)測世界將進(jìn)入一個新的冰河時代,但事實(shí)并非如此),由此可知科學(xué)家認(rèn)為氣候應(yīng)該變得更冷,因此A項“世界的氣候應(yīng)該會變得更冷”符合題意。B項“地球氣候的慣性將需要數(shù)千年才能起作用”,最后一段倒數(shù)第二句Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate.(解決這一理論難題的一種方法是假設(shè)有數(shù)千年的延遲,而太陽效應(yīng)克服了地球氣候的慣性),根據(jù)這個句子可知文章提到太陽效應(yīng)克服地球氣候的慣性是用來對科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為的模型預(yù)測世界將進(jìn)入一個新的冰河時代的一種假設(shè),不符合題意;C項“人為的變暖效應(yīng)有助于增加太陽效應(yīng)”,文章最后一句提到thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.(二氧化碳的變暖效應(yīng)可能會起到有效的平衡太陽熱量遞減的作用),因此C項錯誤。D項“新的冰川期將被溫室效應(yīng)推遲”,文章中科學(xué)家做出的假設(shè)是太陽效應(yīng)克服了地球氣候的這種慣性,所以D項錯誤。因此該題選A。
45.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“如果新冰河世紀(jì)延遲的假設(shè)是正確的,那么……”。文章最后兩句話提到Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.(解決這一理論難題的一種方法是假設(shè)有數(shù)千年的延遲,而太陽效應(yīng)克服了地球氣候的慣性。如果這是正確的,那么二氧化碳的變暖效應(yīng)可能會起到有效的平衡太陽熱量遞減的作用),可知如果新冰河世紀(jì)延遲的假設(shè)是正確的,溫室效應(yīng)可以平衡太陽熱量遞減的作用,因此對地球是有利的,這與D項“溫室效應(yīng)可能對地球有利”符合;A項“克服這種冷卻效應(yīng)的最好方法是燃燒更多的燃料”原文未提及;B項“冰很快就會覆蓋北半球”,第五段首句提到mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere(大部分燃料是在北半球燃燒的),所以B項內(nèi)容不正確;C項“大氣中二氧化碳含量的增加會使地球更快地變暖”,不是變暖,而是平衡太陽熱量的遞減,C項也不正確。因此該題選D。
13.單選題
Thecontributiongenesmaketointelligenceincreasesaschildrengrowolder.Thisgoesagainstthe
notionthatmostpeopleholdthatasweage,environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegenetic
legacywearebomwithandmayhaveimplicationsforeducation.“Peopleassumethegeneticinfluence
goesdownwithagebecausetheenvironmentaldifferencesbetweenpeoplepileupinlife,”saysRobert
Plomin.“Whatwefoundwasquiteamazing,andgoesintheotherdirection.”
Previousstudieshaveshownvariationsinintelligenceareatleastpartlyduetogenetics.Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage,Plomin’steampooleddatafromsixseparate
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