考研考博-英語-咸寧職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-咸寧職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans,AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.

Thefactthatordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation’smoralclimate,saysthisethics(倫理學(xué))professorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.

Butthechallengeisnottobeunderestimated.MaterialismandIndividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.“ThethoughtthatI’minitformehasbecomedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness,”MsElshtainsays.

Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.

Ina1996pollofAmericans,lossofmoralitytoppedthelistofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheU.S.AndElshtainsaysthepubliciscorrecttosensethat:DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.

Thedesireforahighermoralstandardisnotalament（挽歌）forsomenonexistent“goldenage,”Elshtainsays,norisitawishful（一廂情愿的）longingforatimethatdeniedopportunitiestowomenandminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.

Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety,shesays.“Slowly,yourecognizethatthethingsthatmatterarethosethatcan’tbebought.”

1.ProfessorElshtainispleasedtoseethatAmericans（）.

2.ThemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyiscausedmainlyby（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthetraditionalcommunities?

4.Inthe1950s,classroomviolence（）.

5.AccordingtoElshtain,thecurrentmoraldeclinemaybereversed（）.

問題1選項

A.haveadaptedtoanewsetofmoralstandards

B.arelongingforthereturnofthegoodolddays

C.haverealizedtheimportanceofmaterialthings

D.areawakeningtotheloweringoftheirmoralstandards

問題2選項

A.itsgrowingwealth

B.theself-centerednessofindividuals

C.underestimatingtheimpactofsocialchanges

D.theprejudiceagainstwomenandminorities

問題3選項

A.Greatmobility

B.Emphasisonindividualeffort

C.Concernforone’sneighbors

D.Ever-weakeningsocialbonds

問題4選項

A.assomethingunheardof

B.attractedalotofpublicattention

C.wasbynomeansarareoccurrence

D.begantoappearinanalysts’data

問題5選項

A.ifpeoplecanreturntothe“goldenage”

B.whenwomenandmenenjoyequalrights

C.whenpeopleridthemselvesofprejudice

D.iflessemphasisislaidonmaterialthings

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段的第一二句話Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans（道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的下降——長期以來一直困擾著社會分析人士——終于引起了普通美國人的注意。）后文說JeanBethkeElshtain對于這個很開心，由此可知D選項“意識到他們道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的降低”正確。A、B、C在原文都沒有提到，因此排除。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段第二句話MaterialismandIndividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.（美國社會的物質(zhì)主義和個人主義是最大的障礙。）從這句可以看出物質(zhì)主義和個人主義這兩點是美國社會最大的障礙，也是引發(fā)道德衰落的原因，由此可知B選項“個人的自我中心”正確。而對物質(zhì)財富的崇尚，和財富本身的增長沒有直接聯(lián)系，因此A選項錯誤；C選項出現(xiàn)在第三段的第一句thechallengeisnottobeunderestimated（挑戰(zhàn)不應(yīng)被低估），這里的挑戰(zhàn)就是指的Materialism和individualism，但是選項把challenge換成了change，因此屬于偷換概念，C選項錯誤；D選項出現(xiàn)在倒數(shù)第二段，根據(jù)篇章分析對這一段的說明，這種歧視現(xiàn)象是過去那個道德水平較高時代的現(xiàn)象，因此絕不會是它引起了現(xiàn)今道德水平的下降，因此D選項也錯誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.（她說，這在一定程度上可以歸因于傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的解體，在傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)中，鄰居們互相照顧。）由此可見，對鄰居的關(guān)照是傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的特點，因此C選項“對鄰居的關(guān)心”正確。A選項體現(xiàn)在Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.（隨著當(dāng)今社會流動性的增強(qiáng)，以及如此多的夫妻都在工作，這種紐帶已經(jīng)被削弱，取而代之的是對自我的更加強(qiáng)調(diào)。）這里提到了高流動性，高流動性實際應(yīng)該是指人口居住地不斷變化，鄰居之間相處時間不會很長，也就無法培養(yǎng)良好關(guān)系，當(dāng)然也不會互相關(guān)心互相照料。可以說A是造成B和D的原因之一（另一原因是雙職工——夫妻二人都去上班，也就很少有機(jī)會和鄰居交往），而B和D都是現(xiàn)今社會的特點，不是傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的特點，因此A、B、D不對。

4.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第五段DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers（數(shù)據(jù)顯示，美國人正艱難應(yīng)對問題聞所未聞的1950年代，如課堂暴力和高速率的未婚母親。）開頭是“數(shù)據(jù)表明”，后面是數(shù)據(jù)所顯示的內(nèi)容。Americansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s，美國人正在同許多問題做斗爭，這些問題在五十年代聞所未聞（unheardof），suchas表示例舉，說明classroomviolence是problems的一個例子，由此可得A選項“是聞所未聞的”正確。C的說法與A正好相反，bynomeans，絕非；rare，極少，雙重否定等于肯定，也就是說班級暴力在五十年代經(jīng)常發(fā)生，是錯誤的；B的說法與A相互矛盾，既然聞所未聞，也就不可能投入關(guān)注；D有一定迷惑性，按照句意，班級暴力肯定存在于分析家的數(shù)據(jù)中，因為句頭就有datashow。但要注意，題目的開頭有一句Inthe1950s，也就是說班級暴力進(jìn)入分析家的數(shù)據(jù)是在50年代。班級暴力在那時尚且聞所未聞，當(dāng)然是不可能進(jìn)入分析數(shù)據(jù)的。

5.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞可以直接定位到最后一段，Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety（除非人們找到對抗社會上物質(zhì)主義的方法，否則道德滑坡是不會逆轉(zhuǎn)的。）因此D選項“如果不太重視物質(zhì)的東西”正確。A和C都是沒有提到的，B選項不是它的條件。

2.填空題

YesterdayIwent（1）adrinkwiththreeCanadiangeologistswhocametohearmypresentation.It（2）outthatwehaveanumberofresearchinterestsin（3）,sowe（4）thepossibilityofworkingtogether,usingnewmaterialfromsitesinCanadaandChina.

【答案】for;turned;common;discussed

【解析】句意:昨天我和三個過來聽我報告的加拿大地質(zhì)學(xué)家一起喝酒。發(fā)現(xiàn)我們在研究興趣上有很多相同點，所以我們探討共同工作的可能性，使用來自加拿大和中國地皮上的新材料。

1.固定搭配。goforadrink出去喝點。

2.固定搭配。Itturnsoutthat...結(jié)果是…,這里應(yīng)該用過去式turned。

3.固定搭配。havesth.incommon有相同之處。

4.語義題。句意推測為:所以我們探討共同工作的可能性。

3.翻譯題

Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.(1)Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,human,nature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.(2)Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.Theenvironmentisobviouslyimportant,butitsrolehasremainedobscure.Itdoesnotpushorpull,itselects,andthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.(3)Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Astheinteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmenthascometobeunderstood,however,effectsonceassignedtostatesofmind,feelings,andtraitsarebeginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditions,andatechnologyofbehaviormaythereforebecomeavailable.Itwillnotsolveourproblems,however,untilitreplacestraditionalpre-scientificviews,andthesearestronglyentrenched.Freedomanddignityillustratethedifficulty.(4)Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous(self-governing)manoftraditionaltheory,andthey’reessentialtopracticesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.Ascientificanalysisshiftsboththeresponsibilityandtheachievementtotheenvironment.Italsoraisesquestionsconcerningvalues.Whowilluseatechnologyandtowhatends?(5)Untiltheseissuesareresolved,atechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected,andwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems.

【答案】1．難題在于所謂的行為科學(xué)幾乎全都依然從心態(tài)、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。

2．行為科學(xué)之所以發(fā)展緩慢，部分原因是用來解釋行為的依據(jù)似乎往往是直接觀察到的，部分原因是其他的解釋方式一直難以找到。

3．自然選擇在進(jìn)化中的作用僅在一百多年前才得以闡明，而環(huán)境在塑造和保持個體行為時的選擇作用則剛剛開始被認(rèn)識和研究。

4．自由和尊嚴(yán)（它們）是傳統(tǒng)理論定義的自主的人所擁有的，是要求一個人對自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)并因其業(yè)績而給予肯定的必不可少的前提。

5．（如果）這些問題得不到解決，研究行為的技術(shù)手段就會繼續(xù)受到排斥，解決問題的唯一方式可能也隨之繼續(xù)受到排斥。

4.單選題

Inthecaseofmobilephones,changeiseverything.Recentresearchindicatesthatthemobilephoneischangingnotonlyourculture,butourverybodiesaswell.

First,let’stalkaboutculture.Thedifferencebetweenthemobilephoneanditsparent,thefixed-linephoneisthatamobilenumbercorrespondstoaperson,whilealandlinegoestoaplace.Ifyoucallmymobile,yougetme.Ifyoucallmyfixed-linephone,yougetwhoeveranswersit.

Thishasseveralimplications.Themostcommonone,however,andperhapsthethingthathaschangedourcultureforever,isthe"meeting"influence.Peoplenolongerneedtomakefirmplansaboutwhenandwheretomeet.Twentyyearsago,aFridaynightwouldneedtobearrangedinadvance.Youneededenoughtimetoalloweveryonetogetfromtheirplaceofworktothefirstmeetingplace.Now,however,anightoutcanbearrangedontherun.Itisnolonger"seeyouthereat8",but"textmearound8andwe'llseewhereweallare".

Textingchangespeopleaswell.Intheirpaper,"InsightsintotheSocialandPsychologicalEffectsofSMSTextMessaging",twoBritishresearchersdistinguishedbetweentwotypesofmobilephoneusers:the"talkers"andthe"texters"—thosewhoprefervoicetotextmessageandthosewhoprefertexttovoice.Theyfoundthatthemobilephone'sindividualityandprivacygavetexterstheabilitytoexpressawholenewouterpersonality.Texterswerelikelytoreportthattheirfamilywouldbesurprisediftheyweretoreadtheirtexts.Thissuggeststhattextingallowedtexterstopresentaself-imagethatdifferedfromtheonefamiliartothosewhoknewthemwell.

Anotherscientistwroteofthechangesthatmobileshavebroughttobodylanguage.Therearetwokindsthatpeopleusewhilespeakingonthephone.Thereisthe"speakeasy":theheadisheldhighinaself-confidentway,chattingaway.Andthereisthe"spacemaker":thesepeoplefocusonthemselvesandkeepoutotherpeople.

Whocanblamethem?Phonemeetingsgetcancelledorreformedandcameraphonesintrudeonpeople'sprivacy.So,itisunderstandableifyourmobilemakesyounervous.Butperhapsyouneedn'tworrysomuch.Afterall,itisgoodtotalk.

1.Whenpeopleplantomeetnowadays,they（）.

2.AccordingtothetwoBritishresearchers,thesocialandpsychologicaleffectsaremostlylikelytobeseenon（）.

3..Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthetextssentbytextersare（）.

4..Accordingtothepassage,whoisafraidofbeingheardwhiletalkingonthemobile?

5..Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemightbe（）

問題1選項

A.arrangethemeetingplacebeforehand

B.postponefixingtheplacetilllastminute

C.seldomcareaboutwhenandwheretomeet

D.stilllovetoworkoutdetailedmeetingplans

問題2選項

A.talkers

B.the"speakeasy"

C.the"spacemaker"

D.texters

問題3選項

A.quiterevealing

B.wellwritten

C.unacceptablebyothers

D.shockingtoothers

問題4選項

A.Talkers

B.The“speakeasy”

C.The“spacemaker”

D.Texters

問題5選項

A.TheSMSEffect

B.CulturalImplicationofMobileUse

C.ChangeintheUseoftheMobile

D.BodyLanguageandtheMobilePhone!

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第三段指出:Itisnolonger"seeyouthereat8"，but"textmearound8andwe'llseewhereweallare(不再是‘在8點在那里見你’，而是‘在8點左右給我發(fā)短信，然后再看我們都在哪里’),因此選B“推遲到最后一分鐘才確定（見面）地點”。

2.判斷推理題。第四段指出:Theyfoundthatthemobilephone's

individualityandprivacygavetexterstheabilitytoexpressawholenewouterpersonality(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)移動手機(jī)的個性化和隱私，讓喜歡發(fā)短信的人有能力去表達(dá)自己全新的外向性格),因此D項“喜歡發(fā)短信的人”正確。

3.判斷推理題。第四段指出:Theyfoundthatthemobilephone's

individualityandprivacygavetexterstheabilitytoexpressawholenewouterpersonality(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)移動手機(jī)的個性化和隱私，讓喜歡發(fā)短信的人有能力去表達(dá)自己全新的外向性格),因此選A“揭露隱情的”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:“Andthereisthe"spacemaker":thesepeoplefocusonthemselvesandkeepoutotherpeople(但是，喜歡在私底下講電話的人卻專注于自己本身且遠(yuǎn)離其它人),故選C“喜歡在私底下講電話的人”。

5.主旨大意題。文章的中心話題是:移動手機(jī)影響我們的文化和肢體語言。因此B項“移動手機(jī)使用帶來的文化影響”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。

5.單選題

______foralongtime,thefieldsarealldriedup.

問題1選項

A.Therehasbeennorain

B.Havingnorain

C.Therehavingbeennorain

D.Therebeingnorain

【答案】C

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，therebe句型在此處作獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。A選項therebe句型與后半句之間缺少連接詞；B選項Havingnorain邏輯關(guān)系不正確；C選項和D選項都屬于獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，但使用完成時更能表現(xiàn)因很久未下雨而導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果；因此，正確答案是C項。句意：因為長時間沒有下雨，地里干枯得很厲害。

6.單選題

Johnwill（）ifthefirmneedsanITengineerbecausehecanencodeprogramsforthefirm.

問題1選項

A.comeintohisown

B.comeintobeing

C.keeptohimself

D.holdthestage

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項comeintoone’sown“得到重視；得到自己該得的東西；受到尊敬；被承認(rèn)”；B選項comeintobeing“形成；產(chǎn)生”；C選項keeptooneself“保守秘密；不交際”；D選項holdthestage“繼續(xù)上演，引人注目；沒完沒了地講話；賣座不衰”。根據(jù)句意可推測，約翰會編程，因此當(dāng)公司需要信息技術(shù)工程師的時候，他就會被公司賞識，因此A選項正確。句意：如果公司需要一名信息技術(shù)工程師，約翰會得到重視，因為他可以為公司編寫程序。

7.翻譯題

作為中國歷史上一個文化與智慧迅速擴(kuò)張的時代，諸子百家始于公元前770年，終于公元前222年。這個時代被譽(yù)為中國思想的黃金時期和百家爭鳴的時期，它見證了不同思想學(xué)派的興起。

不少起源于這個時代的中國古典著作直到今日對中國人的生活方式和社會意識還有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。這個時代的知識型社會以流動的智者為特征，這些智者被不同國家的君主任用為顧問，針對治國之道、治軍之道和外交手段提出建議。

儒家思想可能是對國人生活最具有長遠(yuǎn)影響的本體思想。它還被稱為學(xué)者學(xué)派，其文學(xué)遺產(chǎn)存在于儒家典籍中，這些典籍為傳統(tǒng)社會奠定了基礎(chǔ)，這種思想的代表人物是孔子，他主張君主以仁治國。孟子是孔子的弟子，他為儒家思想中人道的傳播做出了主要貢獻(xiàn)，宣揚(yáng)“人性本善”。

中國同樣見證了國學(xué)思想中第二主要的流派——道家思想的發(fā)展。它由傳說中的圣人老子和莊子所構(gòu)建。道家思想的核心在于自然境界中的個人而不是社會中的個人。根據(jù)道家思想，每個人的生活目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是調(diào)整自我來適應(yīng)自然世界的節(jié)奏，順應(yīng)宇宙的模式，和諧生活。

總而言之，“百家爭鳴”的景象出現(xiàn)在2500年前的春秋時期和2200年前的戰(zhàn)國時期，2400年前，諸子百家的出現(xiàn)以及他們的倡導(dǎo)者老子和孔子都在世界哲學(xué)史的發(fā)展過程中占據(jù)了重要地位。

【答案】AsaneraofgreatculturalandintellectualexpansioninChina,theHundredSchoolsofThoughtlastedfrom770BCto222BC.KnownastheGoldenAgeofChinesethoughtandtheContentionofaHundredSchoolsofThought,theperiodsawtheriseofmanydifferentschoolsofthought.

ManyofthegreatChineseclassictextsthatoriginatedduringthisperiodhavehadprofoundinfluencesonChineselifestyleandsocialconsciousnesslastingtothepresentday.Theintellectualsocietyofthiserawascharacterizedbyitinerantintellectuals,whowereusuallyemployedbyvariousstaterulersasadvisersonthemethodsofgovernment,war,anddiplomacy.

ConfucianismisthebodyofthoughtthathasarguablyhadthemostenduringeffectonChineselife.AlsoknownastheSchooloftheScholars,itswrittenlegacyliesintheConfucianClassics,whichlaterbecamethefoundationofthetraditionalsociety.TherepresentativeofthisthoughtisConfucius.Hecontendedthatakingmustbevirtuousinordertoruleproperty.MenciuswasaConfuciandisciplewhomademajorcontributionstothespreadofhumanisminConfucianthought,declaringthatman,bynature,wasinherentlygood.

AsthesecondmostsignificantstreamofChinesethought,theZhouperiodalsosawthedevelopmentofTaoism.ItsformulationisoftenattributedtothelegendarysageLaoZiandZhuangZi.ThefocusofTaoismisontheindividualwithinthenaturalrealmratherthantheindividualwithinsociety.AccordingtoTaoism,thegoaloflifeforeachindividualistoseektoadjustoneselfandadapttotherhythmofthenaturalworld,tofollowthewayoftheuniverse,toliveinharmony.

Inaword,thesceneof“contentionofahundredschoolsofthought”broughtforthintheSpringandAutumnPeriod2500yearsagoandtheWarringStatesPeriodover2200yearsagoandtheemergenceofvariousschoolsofthoughtandtheirexponentssuchasLaoZiandConfuciusabout2400yearsagoalloccupyaveryimportantpositionintheworldhistoryofphilosophy.

8.單選題

Thedirectionwereso（）thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.

問題1選項

A.ingenious

B.ambitious

C.notorious

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。ingenious“有獨創(chuàng)性的”；ambitious“有野心的”；notorious“臭名昭著的”；ambiguous“模糊不清的”。句意：指示太模糊了，不可能完成這項任務(wù)。選項D符合題意。

9.單選題

Onceapictureisprovedtobeaforgery,itbecomesquite______.

問題1選項

A.invaluable

B.priceless

C.unworthy

D.worthless

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。invaluable“無價的”；priceless“無價的”；unworthy“不值得的”；worthless“不值錢的”。句意：一旦一幅畫被證明是偽造的，它就變得十分……。因此D選項符合題意。

10.單選題

[A]Asherfocus[B]changed,thelovepoetrythatEdamSt.VincentMillay[C]producedinthe1920’s[D]increasinggavewaytopoetrydealingwithsocialinjustice.

問題1選項

A.As

B.changed

C.produced

D.increasing

【答案】D

【解析】【答案】D

【考查點】副詞的用法。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子主干為“thelovepoetrygavewaytopoetrydealingwithsocialinjustice（描寫愛情的詩被描寫社會不公的詩替代）”，謂語動詞是gavewayto，increasing是形容詞，只能修飾名詞，所以要將D項改為increasingly。

【句意】隨著她的創(chuàng)作重點的改變，伊丹?圣文森特?米萊在二十世紀(jì)二十年代創(chuàng)作的愛情詩歌逐漸讓位于描寫社會不公的詩歌。

11.單選題

ThereasonHollywoodisanaturalplaceformakingmoviesis（

）thesunshinesthereeveryday.

問題1選項

A.why

B.which

C.that

D.because

【答案】C

【解析】句意:好萊塢作為電影制作自然之地的原因在于那里每天都有太陽照射。

語法題?？疾閺木涞倪B接詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格引導(dǎo)表語從句,而且該引導(dǎo)詞不在表語從句中作任何成分,故C正確。

12.單選題

"Toberootedisperhapsthemostimportantandleastrecognizedneedofthehumansoul."SimoneWeilarguedinthemid-twentiethcentury.Evenourvirtualplaygroundspayhomagetothedeeplyfeltneedforplace:MySpacewas,untilrecently,called“aplaceforfriends";SecondLifemimicsreal-lifeplaceswithitshomes,offices,andrestaurants.Whatisdifferentaboutmobileplaygroundsisthatmobiledevicesforcereallifeandvirtuallife(andrealplacesandvirtualplaces)totrytocoexistinawaytheyneverhavebefore.

Wewanttoseethisasagood,enablingthing—Icanfireoffthate-mailtotheofficeandthengetbacktorelaxingonmyvacation!—butitisinstructivetogotoaplaygroundtoday:evenonaweekend,youwillseeparentsengrossedintheiriPhonesandBlackBerryswhiletheirchildrenmakeincreasinglyloudbidsfortheirattention.TheNovember2,2009coverofTheNewYorkersadlyandbeautifullysatirizedthistrend:itshowsanillustrationofchildrenouttrick-or-treating,baskedintheglowofhouselights,whiletheirparentsbaskintheglowofthesmart-phoneinwhichtheyarerapt.Evenourleisuretime,itseems,hasbeencolonizedbyourneedtostayconnectedanditisaconstantstruggletosetlimitsonourengagementwiththevirtualworldsothatwecanattendtotherealoneinfrontofus.

Andwhenwedecidetoleavehomeentirely,wefinditdifficulttoleavethedemandsofworkbehind.Considerthecruiseshipindustry:everyyear,morethanthreemillionpeopleboardaCarnivalCruiseshiptotakeavacation.Theyspendagreatdealoftimeeatingandgambling,andtheneatingsomemore.Theperpetualbuffetsthathavelongbeenastapleofthecruiseshiplifestylecatertoonekindofhunger;Carnivalnowcaterstoanotheronethatseemscounterintuitiveinvacationerseagertogetawayfromitall:stayingconnected.Withtheirtwenty-four-hourInternetcafes,onboardWiFi,andanadvertisingcampaignthatfeaturesbikini-cladpatronsloungingondeckchairswithlaptopcomputers,CarnivalCruiseLineshasenthusiasticallyrespondedtothedemandsofpatronswhoseekanidealofmaritimeescapebutstillwanttochecktheire-mailseveraltimesaday.

This,too,isthestrangenewworldofleisure:neverdisconnected,andneverreallyfreefromthedemandsofdailylife.Notwithstandingallthetalkofmobility,wefindourselvestetheredinnovelways—nottoahometown,ortoaparticularsocialbackground,buttoourdevicesthemselvesandthefeelingofconnectiontheyprovide,whichweseeminglycannotsitstillwithout.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatcanwelearnaboutMySpaceandSecondLife?

2.Whensayingitisinstructivetogotoaplaygroundtoday,theauthormeansthat（

）.

3.ThefollowingstatementsareTRUEexcept

（

）.

4.Theword"tethered"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans

（

）.

5.Thispassageisintendedto（

）.

問題1選項

A.Theyfunctionasreallifevenuesforentertainment.

B.Theydeservecreditforreflectingthehumansoul.

C.Asvirtualplaygrounds,theyresemblerealityintermsofplace.

D.Throughmobiledevices,theyrepresentengagementwithsociety.

問題2選項

A.smartphonesaretheculpritforthepoorrelationsbetweenparentsandchildren

B.responsibleparentsaresupposedtoengagetheirchildrenwithoutdooractivities

C.playgroundsaretheplacesforparentsandchildrentospendtimetogether

D.people'sindulgenceinstayingconnectedcanbewitnessedthere

問題3選項

A.peoplevacationingonCarnivalCruiseshipshaveaccesstotheInternettoday

B.eatingandgamblingaretheexclusivethingspeoplecanenjoyoncruiseships

C.CarnivalCruiseLinescatertovacationers'demandstostayincontactwithothers

D.people'sdesiretoremainconnectedmakesitdifficultforthemtoescapefromwork

問題4選項

A.confined

B.disconnected

C.immune

D.indifferent

問題5選項

A.analyzethevariousreasonsforhumanstosettledown

B.advocatethenecessityofvirtualconnectioninleisuretime

C.enumeratetheenormousbenefitsofmobiledevicesforworkandlife

D.highlightthetransformationofmobilitythroughubiquitousconnection

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中Evenourvirtualplaygroundspayhomagetothedeeplyfeltneedforplace:MySpacewas,untilrecently,called“aplaceforfriends”;SecondLifemimicsreal-lifeplaceswithitshomes,offices,andrestaurants.（即使是我們的虛擬游戲場地，也會對對位置的深刻需求表示敬意：MySpace直到最近才被稱為“朋友的地方”；SecondLife模仿現(xiàn)實生活中的地方，有它自己的家、辦公室和餐館）可知選C。

第2題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段Evenourleisuretime,itseems,hasbeencolonizedbyourneedtostayconnectedanditisaconstantstruggletosetlimitsonourengagementwiththevirtualworldsothatwecanattendtotherealoneinfrontofus.（就連我們的閑暇時間，似乎也被我們保持聯(lián)系的需要所占據(jù)，這是一個不斷的斗爭，以限制我們與虛擬世界的接觸，以便我們能夠處理我們面前的真實世界）可推測作者認(rèn)為人們太沉溺于虛擬世界，而忽略現(xiàn)實世界，因此提出如今去操場是很有教育意義的，故選D。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中Theyspendagreatdealoftimeeatingandgambling,andtheneatingsomemore.Theperpetualbuffetsthathavelongbeenastapleofthecruiseshiplifestylecatertoonekindofhunger;Carnivalnowcaterstoanotheronethatseemscounterintuitiveinvacationerseagertogetawayfromitall:stayingconnected.可知B選項是人們過去在游輪上的主要消遣方式，不再適合如今的需求。

第4題:詞義題。confine意為“限制”；disconnect意為“切斷”；immune意為“免疫的”；indifferent意為“漠不關(guān)心的”。由wefindourselvestetheredinnovelways（我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被新的方式束縛住了）可知選A。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章主要講述了移動設(shè)備讓人們時刻保持聯(lián)系以及對生活的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)無處不在的聯(lián)系帶來的影響，因此選D。

13.單選題

Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute（

）ofthesightsandsoundsthatfailuponoursenseorgans;thegreatmajoritypassesusby.

問題1選項

A.fiction

B.function

C.fraction

D.friction

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。fiction“小說，虛構(gòu)”；function“作用，功能”；fraction“小部分”；friction“摩擦”。句意：我們僅僅感受到偶然落入我們感覺器官的光和聲音的小部分，大部分已經(jīng)與我們擦肩而過。選項C符合題意。

14.單選題

Somecultureshavecustomsthat（）theclothingfashionsofpeopleincertainsocialclasses.

問題1選項

A.modify

B.alter

C.regulate

D.revise

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。modify"修改,更改;修飾";alter"改變,更改";regulate"控制,管理,調(diào)節(jié)";revise"修訂,修改"。modify是指略微的修改,alter范圍較廣,指任何的改變,revise通常指修訂課本,制度的管理和規(guī)定經(jīng)常用regulate。句意：某些文化有一些習(xí)俗,這些習(xí)俗規(guī)定了某些社會階層中人們的穿衣時尚。所以選項C正確。

15.單選題

Theteamshouldhaveprojectedtroubleaheadwhentheroad（

）intoagravelpath.

問題1選項

A.interrogated

B.dwindled

C.transformed

D.collapsed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。interrogated質(zhì)問，審問；dwindled減少，縮小；transformed轉(zhuǎn)換，改變；collapsed倒塌，瓦解。句意：當(dāng)?shù)缆纷優(yōu)樯暗[路時，這個團(tuán)隊本應(yīng)該提前預(yù)測到困難。C項符合句意。

16.寫作題

Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositiononthetopic“UncivilizedBehaviorsinPublic”Youshouldwriteatleast160wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(inChinese)below:

1.在公共場合有哪些不文明行為

2.造成這些不文明行為的原因

3.怎樣改進(jìn)這些不文明行為

【答案】略

17.單選題

ExplorationoftheSolarSystemiscontinuing,andatthepresentrateofprogressalltheplanets______withinthenext50years.

問題1選項

A.willhavebeencontacted

B.willhavecontacted

C.willbecontacted

D.willcontact

【答案】A

【解析】考查將來完成時。句意：對太陽系的探索仍在繼續(xù)，以目前的速度，我們將在未來50年內(nèi)與所有行星取得聯(lián)系。根據(jù)語境，可知這個句子的時態(tài)是將來完成時，在這里表示在將來某一時間一直持續(xù)的動作，其結(jié)構(gòu)是will（第二、三人稱）+have+過去分詞（done），A選項willhavebeencontacted符合題意。因此A選項正確。

18.單選題

Withallitsadvantages,thecomputerisbynomeanswithoutits（）.

問題1選項

A.boundaries

B.restraints

C.confinements

D.limitations

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項boundaries“邊界，界限”；B選項restraints“限制，禁止”；C選項confinements“監(jiān)禁”；D選項limitations“局限性，（限制）因素”。句意：盡管計算機(jī)有許多優(yōu)點，但它決不是沒有（）。通過題干可以看出這里表達(dá)的意思是“計算機(jī)雖然優(yōu)點很多，但是也會有局限性”，因此D選項符合題意。

19.填空題

We’ve（1）indeterminingthenatureofthesoilpollutioninthisarea.We（2）labtestsonsoilsamplesanddetectedthepresenceofthreeheavymetalsinharmfulquantities.Nowweneedtofindoutwhatthe（3）oftheheavymetalsis:Wherearetheycomingfrom?

【答案】controversies;performed;origin

【解析】句意:在決定該地區(qū)土地污染的屬性方面我們存在爭議。我們做了一些實驗室測試，從大量有害物質(zhì)中檢測出三種重金屬的存在。現(xiàn)在我們需要找出這些重金屬的來源：它們是從哪里來的？

1.語義題。句意:在決定該地區(qū)土地污染的屬性方面我們存在爭議。

2.固定搭配。Performtestson做實驗。

3.語義題。根據(jù)冒號后面的內(nèi)容Wherearetheycomingfrom?“它們是從哪里來的”可知此處是問“起源，來源”，故填origin。

20.單選題

Theirsolutionwastoenrolltheirchildreninprivateschools,which,becausetheyreceivednotaxmoney,werefreetooperatewithoutbeingsubjecttoracial（）.

問題1選項

A.discrimination

B.segregation

C.controversy

D.apportionment

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。discrimination“歧視”；segregation“隔離”；controversy“爭論”；apportionment“分派”。句意：他們的解決方法就是將他們的孩子送入私立學(xué)校，因為他們不收取任何稅款，并且沒有種族歧視。選項A符合題意。

21.單選題

Ithasoftenbeenmyfate—perhapstheexpatriate'sfateingeneral,perhapsmerelytheself-hater’s—tobeagainstthings.AsanAmerican,Ihavefrequentlyseemedanti-American;asaneducatedperson,I'moftenanti-intellectual.WhenItaughtatHarvard,Iwasanti-Harvard.Allofthosemakeme,Isuppose,arathergoodEuropean,sinceEuropeansare,atheart,suspiciousofeveryformbelonging,andgreatbelieversinthenon-conformistlife.

Thesedaysmorethanever,Europeansseemtoharborimmensesuspicious,ifnotdisdain,towardtheUSasformerRussianPresidentMikhailGorbachevputitrecentlyintheWashingtonPost,“Theworlddoesn'twanttobeAmerican.”Indeed,hereinEurope,manycitizenstrembleattheverythought.Why?Aside,ofcourse,fromthefacileandone-dimensionalexplanationofjealousy,isn'ttherestofthefreeandnot-so-freeworldburstingattheseamstobelikethecitizensofthecountrythatbroughtuslife,libertyand—thatanthemofthemodemage—thepursuit

ofhappiness?

Onereason,itoccurstome,issimpleandyetprofound;Americalackscharm.Mysister-in-law,asingleFrenchwelfaremotherwholivesinabeautifulprovincialvillagewithfourboysbetween4and18,allathome,seemstome,despiteherdifficulties,tohavemorecharminherlife—theweeklytripstothemarket,theoccasionalglassofredwine,thetiltedroofsandstonewallsofthevillageitself—thanmanyamillionaireinmygreathomestateofTexas.(Howhorrible!ThePuritanmindclaims,awelfaremotherwithaglassofwine!InFrance,however,evenwelfaremothersareentitledtotheoccasionalredwine.)Andmyimpoverishedsister-in-law,unlikesomanyofthosemillionaires,knows,inthewordsofGuydeMaupassant,how"tobecharmingwithnothingatall".

1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Fromthe