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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
Toabsorbayoungerworkforce,manycompaniesofferedretirementplansasincentivesforolderworkerstoretireandmakewayfortheyoungeroneswhoearnedlowersalaries.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.rewards
B.opportunities
C.motives
D.stimuli
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。incentive“激勵(lì);獎(jiǎng)勵(lì);誘因”;A選項(xiàng)reward“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì);獎(jiǎng)賞”;B選項(xiàng)opportunity(其復(fù)數(shù)形式為opportunities)“時(shí)機(jī),機(jī)會(huì)”;C選項(xiàng)motive“動(dòng)機(jī),目的”;D選項(xiàng)stimuli(其為stimulus的復(fù)數(shù)形式)“激勵(lì);刺激;促進(jìn)因素”。句意:為了吸收更年輕的勞動(dòng)力,許多公司推出了退休計(jì)劃,以激勵(lì)年齡較大的員工退休,為工資較低的年輕員工讓路。根據(jù)句中“retirementplans退休計(jì)劃”可知incentive在這里的意思應(yīng)為“激勵(lì)”,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
2.單選題
Imust()youonyourhandlingofaverydifficultsituation.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.meditate
B.complement
C.elaborate
D.compliment
【答案】D
【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析題。meditate“考慮,計(jì)劃”;complement“補(bǔ)足;補(bǔ)充”;elaborate“詳盡闡述”;compliment“稱(chēng)贊”,根據(jù)“在非常困難情況下做出的處理”這是一件值得表?yè)P(yáng)與稱(chēng)贊的事,此處使用compliment符合語(yǔ)義邏輯,故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。句意為:我不得不為你在非常困難情況下做出的處理而稱(chēng)贊你。
3.單選題
After-salesserviceandguaranteebecomeanintegralandessentialpartofa“goodbrand”onbothlocalandregionallevels,andtheprovisionofsuchalsoproducedsolidgroundforcustomerloyalty.
Customerstodayarealotmoredemandingthanbefore.Beingabletofindafter-salesservicecreatesafeelingofconvenienceandasenseofresponsibilityfromthemanufacturer.Thisisveryimportanttobuildcustomerloyaltyandexplainswhymore24-hourshotlinecentersareavailablenowadays.Productguaranteeisalsooneofthemajorfactorswhenapotentialcustomerdecidestomakeapurchase.Whetherthisbeintheformofawrittenguaranteeoraguaranteebasedonreputation,theimportancetotheconsumerisself-evident.
Abrand’sresearchanddevelopment,anunavoidableinvestment,usuallybackupsafetyguaranteesformarketersnowadays.Producttestingandrefinementareconductedforbothnewandexistingproducts.Withthehelpofcomputerizedmachinery,qualitycontrolhasachievedthehighestlevelthaneverbeforetoenableconsistencyinproduction.Fortheconsumerthismeansaqualityofguaranteeforthatbrandwhetheritbeavailableathomeorabroad.
11.After-salesserviceandguaranteecanproduce____.
12.More24-hourhotlinecentersappearbecause____.
13.Productguarantee____.
14.Producttestingandrefinementareconductedfor____.
15.WhichisNOTmentionedconcerningproductguarantee?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.solidgroundforcustomerloyalty
B.asenseofresponsibility
C.afeelingofconvenience
D.asenseofsatisfaction
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.moreandmorecustomersdemandafter-salesservices
B.therearemoreandmorecomplaintsfromcustomers
C.morecompaniescometorealizetheimportanceofafter-salesservice
D.theyhavebecomeanewtypeofinvestment
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.mustbeinwrittenform
B.canbebasedonthecompany’sreputation
C.isnotoftenprovidedbythecompanies
D.oftenfailstomeetinreality
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.newproductsonly
B.qualityproducts
C.dangerousproducts
D.bothnewandexistingproducts
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Abrand’sresearchanddevelopment.
B.Producttestingandrefinement.
C.Qualitycontrol.
D.Productdistribution.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:D
第5題:D
【解析】11.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
After-salesserviceandguaranteecanproduce____.售后服務(wù)和產(chǎn)品保證可以產(chǎn)生____。
A.solidgroundforcustomerloyaltyA.客戶(hù)忠誠(chéng)度的堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)
B.asenseofresponsibilityB.責(zé)任感
C.afeelingofconvenienceC.一種便利的感覺(jué)
D.asenseofsatisfactionD.滿(mǎn)足感
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞After-salesserviceandguarantee和produce定位到原文第一段。該段提到“售后服務(wù)和產(chǎn)品保證(After-salesserviceandguarantee)成為一個(gè)‘好品牌’在地方和地區(qū)層面上不可或缺的組成部分,這也為客戶(hù)忠誠(chéng)度提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)(producedsolidgroundforcustomerloyalty)?!睂?shí)際上,第二段前半段寫(xiě)售后服務(wù)的重要性,后半段寫(xiě)產(chǎn)品保證的重要性。綜上所述,A選項(xiàng)“客戶(hù)忠誠(chéng)度的堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)”最符合原文。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)“責(zé)任感”,可定位到原文第二段第二句,該句提到“能夠找到售后服務(wù)(Beingabletofindafter-salesservice),創(chuàng)造了一種便利的感覺(jué),并且體現(xiàn)了制造商的責(zé)任感(asenseofresponsibility)。”由此可知,產(chǎn)生“制造商的責(zé)任感”的是“能夠找到售后服務(wù)”,并沒(méi)有包括“產(chǎn)品保證”,該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全;
C選項(xiàng)“一種便利的感覺(jué)”,可定位到原文第二段第二句,該句提到“能夠找到售后服務(wù)(Beingabletofindafter-salesservice),創(chuàng)造了一種便利的感覺(jué)(afeelingofconvenience)和制造商的責(zé)任感。”由此可知,產(chǎn)生“便利的感覺(jué)”的是“能夠找到售后服務(wù)”,并沒(méi)有包括“產(chǎn)品保證”,該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全;
D選項(xiàng)“滿(mǎn)足感”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。
12.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
More24-hourhotlinecentersappearbecause____.更多的24小時(shí)熱線(xiàn)中心出現(xiàn)是因?yàn)開(kāi)___。
A.moreandmorecustomersdemandafter-salesservicesA.越來(lái)越多的客戶(hù)要求售后服務(wù)
B.therearemoreandmorecomplaintsfromcustomersB.客戶(hù)的抱怨越來(lái)越多了
C.morecompaniescometorealizetheimportanceofafter-salesserviceC.越來(lái)越多的公司開(kāi)始意識(shí)到售后服務(wù)的重要性
D.theyhavebecomeanewtypeofinvestmentD.他們已經(jīng)成為一種新的投資方式
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞24-hourhotline和because定位到原文第二段第三句,該句提到“這(This)對(duì)建立客戶(hù)忠誠(chéng)度非常重要,也解釋了為什么現(xiàn)在有更多的24小時(shí)熱線(xiàn)中心可使用?!薄斑@(This)”指代的是前文提到的“現(xiàn)在的客戶(hù)比以前要求更高了。能夠找到售后服務(wù),創(chuàng)造了一種便利的感覺(jué)和制造商的責(zé)任感?!逼渲?,后者是“售后服務(wù)的重要性”。由此推斷,之所以越來(lái)越多的公司設(shè)立24小時(shí)服務(wù)熱線(xiàn),是因?yàn)樗麄円庾R(shí)到售后服務(wù)可以給現(xiàn)在要求越來(lái)越高的客戶(hù)帶來(lái)一種便利的感覺(jué),并且讓他們感受到公司的責(zé)任感。因此,C選項(xiàng)“越來(lái)越多的公司開(kāi)始意識(shí)到售后服務(wù)的重要性”符合原文。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“越來(lái)越多的客戶(hù)要求售后服務(wù)”,原文雖然提到了現(xiàn)在的客戶(hù)要求更高了,但并沒(méi)有提到他們的要求是售后服務(wù),也沒(méi)有提到提要求的客戶(hù)更多了,該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推理;
B選項(xiàng)“客戶(hù)的抱怨越來(lái)越多了”,原文只是提到客戶(hù)的要求更高了,但這并不意味著客戶(hù)的抱怨更多了,該選項(xiàng)屬于推理過(guò)度;
D選項(xiàng)“他們已經(jīng)成為一種新的投資方式”,investment可以定位到原文第三段第一句,該句提到“品牌的研發(fā)(Abrand’sresearchanddevelopment)是一項(xiàng)不可避免的投資?!庇纱丝芍?,原文提到的“投資”是“產(chǎn)品研發(fā)”,而不是“售后服務(wù)和保障”;并且原文并未提到“售后服務(wù)和保障”是“一種新的投資方式”,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。
13.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Productguarantee____.產(chǎn)品保證____。
A.mustbeinwrittenformA.必須是書(shū)面形式的
B.canbebasedonthecompany’sreputationB.可以建立在公司的信譽(yù)上
C.isnotoftenprovidedbythecompaniesC.公司經(jīng)常不提供
D.oftenfailstomeetinrealityD.現(xiàn)實(shí)中經(jīng)常無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Productguarantee定位到原文第二段第四、五句。這兩句提到“當(dāng)潛在客戶(hù)決定購(gòu)買(mǎi)時(shí),產(chǎn)品保證也是一個(gè)主要因素。無(wú)論是書(shū)面擔(dān)保(Whetherthisbeintheformofawrittenguarantee)還是基于信譽(yù)的擔(dān)保(oraguaranteebasedonreputation),對(duì)消費(fèi)者的重要性不言而喻。”由此可知,產(chǎn)品保證可以是書(shū)面的,也可以是基于公司的信譽(yù)的。因此,B選項(xiàng)“可以建立在公司的信譽(yù)上”符合原文。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“必須是書(shū)面形式的”,不符合原文,原文提到書(shū)面形式的以及基于公司信譽(yù)的產(chǎn)品保證都是可以的,該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;
C選項(xiàng)“公司經(jīng)常不提供”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有;
D選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)實(shí)中經(jīng)常無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。
14.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Producttestingandrefinementareconductedfor____.進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品測(cè)試和改進(jìn)是為了____進(jìn)行的。
A.newproductsonlyA.只(為了)新產(chǎn)品
B.qualityproductsB.有質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品
C.dangerousproductsC.危險(xiǎn)的產(chǎn)品
D.bothnewandexistingproductsD.新的產(chǎn)品和現(xiàn)有的產(chǎn)品
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Producttestingandrefinement定位到原文第三段第二句。該句提到“對(duì)新產(chǎn)品和現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品(forbothnewandexistingproducts)進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品測(cè)試和改進(jìn)(Producttestingandrefinementareconducted)?!庇纱丝芍?,D選項(xiàng)“新的產(chǎn)品和現(xiàn)有的產(chǎn)品”符合原文。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“只(為了)新產(chǎn)品”,不符合原文,原文提到“對(duì)新的產(chǎn)品和現(xiàn)有的產(chǎn)品都進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品測(cè)試和改進(jìn)”,該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全;
B選項(xiàng)“有質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有;
C選項(xiàng)“危險(xiǎn)的產(chǎn)品”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。
15.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
WhichisNOTmentionedconcerningproductguarantee?關(guān)于產(chǎn)品保證,哪一項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及?
A.Abrand’sresearchanddevelopment.A.一個(gè)品牌的研究和發(fā)展
B.Producttestingandrefinement.B.產(chǎn)品測(cè)試和改進(jìn)
C.Qualitycontrol.C.質(zhì)量控制
D.Productdistribution.D.產(chǎn)品分銷(xiāo)
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞NOTmentioned和productguarantee可知,該題要求選擇的是關(guān)于產(chǎn)品控制,原文沒(méi)有提到的一項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品分銷(xiāo)”原文并未提及,符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)品牌的研發(fā)”,可定位到原文第三段第一句,該句提到“品牌的研發(fā)(Abrand’sresearchanddevelopment)是一項(xiàng)不可避免的投資,是當(dāng)今市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)人員的安全保證(safetyguarantees)?!庇纱丝芍放频难邪l(fā),對(duì)于市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)人員來(lái)說(shuō)就是產(chǎn)品的保證。該選項(xiàng)原文有提及,不符合題意,屬于反向干擾;
B選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品測(cè)試和改進(jìn)”,可定位到原文第三段第二句和最后一句,這兩句提到“對(duì)新產(chǎn)品和現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品測(cè)試和改進(jìn)(Producttestingandrefinement)”,“對(duì)消費(fèi)者來(lái)說(shuō),這意味著該品牌的質(zhì)量保證(aqualityofguaranteeforthatbrand)”。由此可知,該選項(xiàng)原文有提及,不符合題意,屬于反向干擾;
C選項(xiàng)“質(zhì)量控制”,可定位到原文第三段第三、四句。這兩句提到“在計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)械的幫助下,質(zhì)量控制(qualitycontrol)達(dá)到了前所未有的高水平”,“對(duì)消費(fèi)者來(lái)說(shuō),這意味著該品牌的質(zhì)量保證(aqualityofguaranteeforthatbrand)”。由此可知,該選項(xiàng)原文有提及,不符合題意,屬于反向干擾。
4.單選題
Igetaskedaboutwhatindividualscandotostaycurrentinaworldthatsomehowkeeps_______andrepeatingpatternsailatthesametime.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.transforming
B.distorting
C.converting
D.contorting
【答案】A
【解析】transform轉(zhuǎn)換,改變;distort扭曲,曲解;convert使轉(zhuǎn)變;contort扭曲,歪曲。句意:有人問(wèn)我,在一個(gè)不斷改變的同時(shí)又重復(fù)著那些模式的世界里,個(gè)人如何才能保持與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是變化,所以選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
5.單選題
Whilefashionisthoughtofusuallyinrelationtoclothing,itisimportanttorealizethatitcoversamuchwiderdomain.Itistobefoundinmanners,thearts,literature,andphilosophy,andmayevenreachintocertainareasofscience.Infact,itmayoperateinanyfieldofgrouplife,apartfromthetechnologicalandutilitarianareaandtheareaofthesacred.Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacaste(社會(huì)等級(jí))society.
Fashionbehavesasamovement,andonthisbasisitisdifferentfromcustomwhich,bycomparison,isstatic.Thisisduetothefactthatfashionisbasedfundamentallyondifferentiationandemulation.Inaclasssociety,theupperclassesorso-calledsocialelitearenotabletodifferentiatethemselvesbyfixedsymbolsorbadges.Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.Thisprocessgivestofashionaverticaldescent.However,theeliteclassfindsthatitisnolongerdistinguishable,byreasonoftheimitationmadebyothers,andhenceisledtoadoptnewdifferentiatingcriteria,onlytodisplacetheseastheyinturnareimitated.Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.
Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.Whileitoccursspontaneouslyandmovesalonginacharacteristiccycle,itinvolveslittleinthewayofcrowdbehavioranditisnotdependentuponthediscussionprocessandtheresultingpublicopinion.Itdoesnotdependuponthemechanismsofwhichwehavespoken.Theparticipantsarenotrecruitedthroughagitation.Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.Nordoesthefashionmovementhave,orrequired,anideology.Further,sinceitdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement,itdoesnotbuildupasetoftactics.Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.
1.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat________.
2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingpeopleusuallyleadanewfashion?
3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?
4.Accordingtotheauthor,afashionmovement________.
5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatafashionmovement________.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.fashionoriginatesinaclasssociety
B.fashioncanbefoundonlyinafewfieldsofgrouplife
C.fashionoperatesineverysociety
D.peopleliketokeepupwithfashioninaprimitivesociety
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Philosophers.
B.Artists.
C.Thesocialelite.
D.Writers.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Fashion,asamovement,istrue.
B.Theupperclassesplayalittleroleinmakingfashionintoamovement.
C.Afashionwillnevervanishonceitislaunched.
D.Afashionisdestinedtodisappearonceitislaunched.
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.haslittleincommonwithothermovements
B.willeventuallydevelopintoasocialorganization
C.hasapowerfulleadershipguidingit
D.hasasetofsymbolsandvalues
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.functionsinthesamewayasspecificsocialmovements
B.isaformofexpressivebehavior
C.canboostthemoraleofitsparticipants
D.contributesagreatdealtothewayofcrowdbehavior
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:A
第5題:B
【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacastesociety.(它的運(yùn)作需要一個(gè)階級(jí)社會(huì),因?yàn)閺谋举|(zhì)上講,它既不發(fā)生在原始群體那樣的同質(zhì)社會(huì),也不發(fā)生在種姓社會(huì)。),可知A選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚起源于階級(jí)社會(huì)”正確,B選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚只存在于群體生活的幾個(gè)領(lǐng)域”和C選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚存在于每個(gè)社會(huì)”錯(cuò)誤,時(shí)尚也不會(huì)存在于原始社會(huì),D選項(xiàng)“在原始社會(huì),人們喜歡趕時(shí)髦”錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.(因此,他們生活和行為的更多外在特征很可能被直接低于他們的階級(jí)所模仿,反過(guò)來(lái),這些階級(jí)又被社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)中直接低于他們的群體所模仿。),這里指的是社會(huì)精英,可知社會(huì)精英引領(lǐng)時(shí)尚,C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)精英”正確。A選項(xiàng)“哲學(xué)家”,B選項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)家”和D選項(xiàng)“作家”正確。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.(正是這一特點(diǎn)使時(shí)尚成為一種運(yùn)動(dòng),也正是這一特點(diǎn)使得一位作家評(píng)論道,一種時(shí)尚一旦推出,就注定要滅亡。),可知時(shí)尚會(huì)消亡,也就不是真實(shí)的,D選項(xiàng)“一種時(shí)尚一旦推出就注定要消失”正確,A選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚是一種真實(shí)的運(yùn)動(dòng)”和C選項(xiàng)“一種時(shí)尚一旦推出就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)消失”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“上層階級(jí)在使時(shí)尚成為運(yùn)動(dòng)中發(fā)揮了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)作用”:上層階級(jí)是推動(dòng)時(shí)尚的主要人群,不符合文章內(nèi)容,故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.(作為一種運(yùn)動(dòng),時(shí)尚與我們考慮過(guò)的其他運(yùn)動(dòng)幾乎沒(méi)有相似之處。),所以A選項(xiàng)“與其他運(yùn)動(dòng)沒(méi)有什么共同之處”正確。C選項(xiàng)“有一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)”:根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句itdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement(沒(méi)有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)為運(yùn)動(dòng)提供有意識(shí)的方向),可知不符合文章內(nèi)容。B選項(xiàng)“最終會(huì)發(fā)展成一個(gè)社會(huì)組織”和D選項(xiàng)“有一系列符號(hào)和價(jià)值”文章沒(méi)有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.(人們自愿參加時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng),是對(duì)時(shí)尚強(qiáng)加給他們有趣而有力控制的一種響應(yīng)。),可知時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)是一種對(duì)時(shí)尚的回應(yīng),他們通過(guò)時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)這種行為表達(dá)了對(duì)時(shí)尚的態(tài)度,B選項(xiàng)“是一種表達(dá)行為”正確。A選項(xiàng)“其功能與特定的社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)相同”:根據(jù)第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.(作為一種運(yùn)動(dòng),時(shí)尚與我們考慮過(guò)的其他運(yùn)動(dòng)幾乎沒(méi)有相似之處。),可知時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)和其他社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)沒(méi)有相同之處。C選項(xiàng)“可以提高參與者的士氣”:根據(jù)第三段第五句N(xiāo)omoraleisbuiltupamongthem.(他們沒(méi)有樹(shù)立起士氣。),可知時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)不能提高士氣。D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)人群行為的方式有很大的貢獻(xiàn)”文章沒(méi)有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
6.單選題
()regulartraininginnursing,shecouldhardlycopewiththeworkatfirst.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Notreceived
B.Sincereceiving
C.Havingreceived
D.Nothavingreceived
【答案】A
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。題干中hardly常與否定搭配表示肯定,而且非謂語(yǔ)部分邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)一致。因此,根據(jù)句意和搭配可知,本題A項(xiàng)正確。句意:由于沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)專(zhuān)門(mén)的護(hù)理培訓(xùn),她起初很難適應(yīng)工作。
7.單選題
Thegovernorwas______forwrongfuluseofstatemoney.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.implanted
B.impended
C.imbued
D.impeached
【答案】D
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.implanted植入B.impended即將發(fā)生,正在逼近
C.imbued灌輸,感染D.impeached彈劾,歸咎
【答案】D
【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)空格后的句子意思“因挪用州政府的資金”,結(jié)合選項(xiàng)意思可知,Thegovernorwas______表示“州長(zhǎng)被彈劾了”;因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)符合句意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)都不符合語(yǔ)義邏輯。
【句意】這位州長(zhǎng)因挪用州政府的資金而被彈劾。
8.單選題
Severalloudspeakersare()fromtheceilingandwecanhearthespeakerveryclearly.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.connected
B.winded
C.associated
D.suspended
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)辨析。connect“連接”;wind“纏繞”;associate“聯(lián)系”;suspend“延緩,推遲,使懸浮”。句意:天花板上()一些擴(kuò)音器,我們可以很清楚地聽(tīng)到演講者說(shuō)話(huà)。擴(kuò)音器一般是懸浮在天花板上,故D項(xiàng)正確。
9.單選題
Don’ttalk____youareeating.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.while
B.when
C.as
D.assoonas
【答案】A
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.while當(dāng)……時(shí)候B.when當(dāng)……時(shí)候
C.as正當(dāng)……時(shí)候D.assoonas一……就……
【考查點(diǎn)】時(shí)間連詞的辨析
【解題思路】原句語(yǔ)義為“吃飯的時(shí)候不要說(shuō)話(huà)”,“說(shuō)話(huà)”和“吃飯”都是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作,并且從句部分“吃飯的時(shí)候”使用的是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),。因此,時(shí)間連詞應(yīng)該使用A選項(xiàng)while“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)when的用法:①表示“每當(dāng)……時(shí)候”,暗示一種規(guī)律性的情況時(shí);②主句是一個(gè)暫時(shí)性動(dòng)作,從句是一個(gè)延續(xù)性動(dòng)作;
C選項(xiàng)as的用法:①主從句表示的兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作含有“一邊……一邊……”的意思時(shí);②兩個(gè)正在發(fā)展變化的情況,相當(dāng)于“隨著”;③主句是一個(gè)暫時(shí)性動(dòng)作,從句是一個(gè)延續(xù)性動(dòng)作;
D選項(xiàng)assoonas“一……就……”,表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生,不符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接。
【句意】吃飯的時(shí)候不要說(shuō)話(huà)。
10.翻譯題
我們的國(guó)家走向現(xiàn)代化,最大的障礙,并不是資源問(wèn)題,也不是資金問(wèn)題,更不是技術(shù)問(wèn)題,而是十幾億人口的素質(zhì)問(wèn)題。資金可以積累,技術(shù)可以創(chuàng)造,也可以引進(jìn),但十幾億人口的整體素質(zhì)是無(wú)法引進(jìn)的,必須靠我們自己去提高。
據(jù)約略估計(jì),中國(guó)品牌約占國(guó)內(nèi)冰箱和洗衣機(jī)市場(chǎng)的90%,空調(diào)市場(chǎng)的70%-80%,彩電市場(chǎng)的60%。在許多領(lǐng)域,產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量有很大提高。中國(guó)一家主要的家電廠商,已經(jīng)從價(jià)格轉(zhuǎn)向以質(zhì)量、高效銷(xiāo)售和售后服務(wù)進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
【答案】(1)Onthewaytomodernization,thebiggestobstacletoourcountryisnottheshortageofnaturalresources,northelackoffunds,stilllesstheproblemoftechnology,butratherthequalityofoveronebillionpeople.Fundscanbeaccumulated,technologycanbecreatedorimported,butthequalityofsuchalargepopulation,whichcannotbeintroducedfromabroad,shouldbeimprovedonourown.
(2)It’sroughlyestimatedthatChinesebrandsapproximatelyaccountfor90%domesticmarketshareofrefrigeratorsandwashingmachines,with70%to80%ofairconditioners,60%ofcolorTVs.Inmanyfields,thequalityofChinesebrandproductshasimprovedgreatly.AmajorChinesemanufacturerofhomeapplianceshasorienteditscompetitionfrompricetothequalityofproduct,higheffectivesalesandafter-salesservice.
11.單選題
ThecollapseoftheEarth’smagneticfield—whichguardstheplanetandguidesmanyofitscreatures—appearstohavestartedseriouslyabout150yearsago,theNewYorkTimesreportedlastweek.
Thefield’sstrengthhasdecreasedby10or15percentsofarandthishasincreasedthedebateoverwhetheritsignalsareversaloftheplanet’slinesofmagneticforce.
Duringareversal,themainfieldweakens,almostvanishes,andreappearswithoppositepolarity(極).Thetransitionwouldtakethousandsofyears.Oncecompleted,compassneedlesthathadpointednorthwouldpointsouth.Areversalcouldcauseproblemsforbothmanandanimals.Astronautsandsatelliteswouldhavedifficulties.Birds,fishandanimalsthatrelyonthemagneticfieldfornavigationwouldfindmigrationconfusing.Butexpertssaidtheeffectswouldnotbeabigdisaster,despiteclaimsofdoomandvagueevidenceoflinksbetweenpastfieldreversalsandspeciesextinctions.
Althoughatotaltransitionmaybehundredsorthousandsofyearsaway,therapiddeclineinmagneticstrengthisalreadyaffectingsatellites.Lastmonth,theEuropeanSpaceAgencyapprovedtheworld’slargesteffortattrackingthefield’sshifts.Agroupofnewsatellites,calledSwarm,istomonitorthecollapsingfieldwithfargreaterprecision.“Wewanttogetsomeideaofhowthiswouldevolveinthenearfuture,justlikepeopletryingtopredicttheweather,”saidGauthierHulot,aFrenchgeophysicistworkingonthesatelliteplan.“I’mpersonallyquiteconvincedweshouldbeabletoworkoutthefirstpredictionsbytheendofthemission.’’
Nomatterwhatthenewfindings,thepublichasnoreasontopanic.Evenifatransitioniscomingonitsway,itmighttake2,000yearstomature.Thelastonetookplace780,000yearsago,whenearlyhumanswerelearninghowtomakestonetools.DeepinsidetheEarthflowhotcurrentsofmeltediron.Thismechanicalenergycreateselectromagnetism.Thisprocessisknownasthegeophysicalgenerator.Inacar’sgenerator,thesameprincipleturnsmechanicalenergyintoelectricity.
Nooneknowspreciselywhythefieldperiodicallyreverses.Butscientistssaytheresponsibilityprobablylieswithchangesinthedisorderlyflowsofmeltediron,whichtheyseeassimilartothegasesthatmakeupthecloudsofJupiter.
1.Accordingtothepassage,theEarth’smagneticfieldhas(
).
2.DuringthetransitionoftheEarth’smagneticfield(
).
3.Theauthorsaysthepublichasnoreasontopanic”because(
).
4.ThecauseofthetransitionoftheEarth’smagneticfieldcomesfrom(
).
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.misguidedmanyamanandanimal
B.beguntochangeintheoppositedirection
C.causedthechangesonthepolarities
D.beenweakeninginstrengthforalongtime
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.thecompasswillbecomeuseless
B.manandanimalswillbeconfusedindirections
C.themagneticstrengthoftheEarthwilldisappear
D.themagneticstrengthoftheEarthwillbestronger
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.thetransitionisstillthousandsofyearsfromnow
B.thetransitioncanbepreciselypredictedbyscientists
C.theprocessofthetransitionwilltakeaverylongtimetofinish
D.thenewtransitionwillcome780,000yearsfromnow
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.themovementdeepinsidetheEarth
B.theperiodicalreversesoftheEarth
C.theforcecoiningfromouterspace
D.themechanicalmovementoftheEarth
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:D
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。文章前兩段指出地球磁場(chǎng)開(kāi)始發(fā)生變化,后來(lái)指出正在向相反的方向發(fā)生變化。故選B。
2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞transition定位至第三段。由此推測(cè)B項(xiàng)“人和動(dòng)物在方向上會(huì)混淆”正確。
3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞publichasnoreasontopanic定位至第五段。由此推測(cè)B項(xiàng)“人和動(dòng)物在方向上會(huì)混淆”正確。關(guān)鍵詞publichasnoreasontopanic后面就講了原因:itmighttake2,000yearstomature(可能要2000年才能成熟)。故選C。
4.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞causeofthetransitionoftheEarth’smagneticfield定位至最后一段:changesinthedisorderlyflowsofmeltediron,即原因是地球內(nèi)部深處流動(dòng)著液體鐵,這種機(jī)械能會(huì)產(chǎn)生電磁。
12.單選題
Sinceyouareunhappywiththisjob,Irecommendthatyou___assoonaspossible.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.resigned
B.willresign
C.couldresign
D.resign
【答案】D
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.resigned辭職B.willresign辭職
C.couldresign辭職D.resign辭職
【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。
【解題思路】這里考查recommend的用法。sb.recommendthatsb.(should)dosth.表示建議某人做某事。這里的should可以省略。因此D選項(xiàng)resign正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)搭配錯(cuò)誤。
【句意】既然你對(duì)這份工作不滿(mǎn)意,我建議你盡快辭職。
13.單選題
Judgingfromrecentsurveys,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallyanepidemicofsleepinessinthenation.“Ican’tthinkofasinglestudythathasn’tfoundAmericansgettinglesssleepthantheyoughtto,”saysDr.David.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest.
Thebeginningofoursleepdeficitcrisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.Fromdiaryentriesandotherpersonalaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturies,sleepscientistshavereachedtheconclusionthattheaveragepersonusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanight.“Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.”Bythe1950sand1960s,thatsleepschedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5and8hours,andmostpeoplehadtowaketoanalarmclock.“Peoplecheatontheirsleep,andtheydon’tevenrealizethey’redoingit,”saysDr.David.“Theythinkthey’reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,8hoursorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.”
Perhapsthemostmercilessrubberofsleep,researcherssay,isthecomplexityoftheday.Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemonhisprogram.“Inoursociety,you’reconsidereddynamicifyousayyouonlyneed5.5hours’sleep.Ifyou’vegottoget8.5hours,peoplethinkyoulackdriveandambition.”
Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.“We’vefoundthatifyou’reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers,”saysDr.David.“Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.”
1.Peopleinthe18thand19thcenturiesusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanightbecausetheyhad_______.
2.AccordingtoDr.David,Americans_______.
3.ManyAmericansbelievethat_______.
4.Theword“subjects”inthelastparagraphrefersto______.
5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatoneshouldsleepasmanyhoursasisnecessaryto_______.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.nodriveandambition
B.noelectriclighting
C.thebestsleephabits
D.somethingtodointheevening
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.areideallyvigorousevenunderthepressureoflife
B.oftenneglecttheconsequencesofsleepdeficit
C.donotknowhowtorelaxthemselvesproperly
D.cangetbyon6.5hoursofsleep
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.sleepisthefirstthingthatcanbesacrificedwhenoneisbusy
B.theyneedmoresleeptocopewiththecomplexitiesofeverydaylife
C.tosleepissomethingonecandoatanytimeoftheday
D.enoughsleeppromotespeople’sdriveandambition
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.theperformancetestsusedinthestudyofsleepdeficit
B.specialbranchesofknowledgethatarebeingstudied
C.peoplewhosebehaviororreactionsarebeingstudied
D.thepsychologicalconsequencesofsleepdeficit
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.improveone’smemorydramatically
B.beconsidereddynamicbyotherpeople
C.maintainone’sdailyschedule
D.feelenergeticandperformadequately
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thebeginningofoursleepdeficitcrisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.(我們睡眠不足危機(jī)的開(kāi)始可以追溯到一個(gè)世紀(jì)前燈泡的發(fā)明。)”以及后文的“Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.(當(dāng)天很黑,我們晚上在農(nóng)場(chǎng)無(wú)所事事的時(shí)候,最好的睡眠習(xí)慣曾經(jīng)強(qiáng)加在我們身上。)”,由此可知那時(shí)因?yàn)橥砩弦驗(yàn)闆](méi)有照明所以農(nóng)場(chǎng)里沒(méi)有事情可做,人們不得不養(yǎng)成了睡9.5個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠習(xí)慣,所以B選項(xiàng)“無(wú)電氣照明”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有動(dòng)力和野心”文中沒(méi)有提到,C選項(xiàng)“最佳睡眠習(xí)慣”不符合題意;D選項(xiàng)“晚上有事要做”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤,文中說(shuō)到了他們晚上無(wú)事可做。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Peoplecheatontheirsleep,andtheydon’tevenrealizethey’redoingit...Theythinkthey’reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,8hoursorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.(人們?cè)谒咧凶鞅?,他們甚至沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這件事……他們認(rèn)為自己沒(méi)事,因?yàn)樗麄冇X(jué)得睡6.5個(gè)小時(shí)就夠了,但實(shí)際上他們需要7.5、8個(gè)小時(shí)甚至更多時(shí)間的睡眠才能感到精力充沛)”,由此可知美國(guó)人經(jīng)常睡眠不足,但他們不以為然,甚至忽視睡眠不足的后果,因此B選項(xiàng)“常常忽視睡眠不足的后果”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“即使在生活的壓力下也精力充沛”和C選項(xiàng)“不知道如何適當(dāng)?shù)胤潘勺约骸蔽恼聸](méi)有提到;D選項(xiàng)“只需6.5小時(shí)的睡眠”說(shuō)法有誤,文章提到他們自認(rèn)為6.5個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠足夠,事實(shí)上是完全不夠的。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemonhisprogram.(每當(dāng)來(lái)自工作、家庭、朋友和社區(qū)的壓力增加時(shí),許多人認(rèn)為睡眠是他的計(jì)劃中最便宜的項(xiàng)目)”,由此可知美國(guó)人常常認(rèn)為在忙碌時(shí),睡眠是第一件可以犧牲的事,因此A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)一個(gè)人忙碌時(shí),睡眠是第一件可以犧牲掉的事”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“他們需要更多的睡眠來(lái)應(yīng)付日常生活的復(fù)雜性”與原文意思相反,故B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;C選項(xiàng)“睡眠是一天中任何時(shí)候都可以做的事”和D選項(xiàng)“充足的睡眠促進(jìn)人們的動(dòng)力和野心”文章沒(méi)有提及,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
4.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.(為了確定睡眠不足所產(chǎn)生的后果,研究人員讓subjects通過(guò)一系列心理和行為的測(cè)試,要求他們把一欄數(shù)字相加或者回憶剛讀過(guò)的文章。)”,由該句意思可推斷出subjects應(yīng)該指人。A選項(xiàng)“睡眠缺乏研究中的性能測(cè)試”;B選項(xiàng)“正在研究的特殊知識(shí)分支”;C選項(xiàng)“行為或反應(yīng)被研究的人”;D選項(xiàng)“睡眠不足的心理后果”。其中C選項(xiàng)更符合題意,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段“...theyreallyneed7.5,8hoursorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.(他們需要7.5、8個(gè)小時(shí)甚至更多時(shí)間的睡眠才能感到精力充沛)”以及最后一段“We’vefoundthatifyou’reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers...Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.(我們發(fā)現(xiàn),如果你睡眠不足,你的表現(xiàn)就會(huì)受到影響……短期記憶被削弱,做決定和集中注意力的能力也被削弱)”,由此可知D選項(xiàng)“感到精力充沛,表現(xiàn)良好”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“明顯提高一個(gè)人的記憶力”;B選項(xiàng)“在別人看來(lái)充滿(mǎn)活力”;C選項(xiàng)“保持每天的日程安排”都不符合題意,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
14.單選題
Themissilemissedthe(
)by1,500metersatitsfirstexperimentalflight.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.destination
B.purpose
C.target
D.terminal
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Destination“目的地”;target“目標(biāo)”;purpose“目的”;terminal“末端,重點(diǎn)”。句意:在第一次試射中,導(dǎo)彈偏離目標(biāo)1500米。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
15.單選題
WhichoftheitalicizedpartsindicatedCONTRAST?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Sheopenedthedoorandquietlywentin.
B.VictorialikesmusicSamisfondofsports.
C.Thinkitoveragainyou’llgetananswer.
D.Heissomewhatarrogant,Idon’tlikethis.
【答案】B
【解析】考查連詞用法。題干:哪個(gè)斜體部分表示對(duì)比?
A選項(xiàng)表示并列;B選項(xiàng)表示對(duì)比;C選項(xiàng)表示遞進(jìn);D選項(xiàng)表示轉(zhuǎn)折。
16.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
Inforeigntransporttodaythemostpopularandcommonkindofpackingmaterialisfoam(泡沫)plastic.Beforeitscominginthe1950s,however,peopleusedwood,paper,spongeandcottonaswrappers.Woodandpaperwerenotresistibleenoughtointenseshocksthatwereinevitableduringlongdistancetransport;cottonandspongecosttoomuchtobewrappersforordinarygoodslikeglass,porcelainetc.Oftendelicategoodswereputinawoodentrunk;oneachsideandendtherewasalayerofsponge,everyindividualobjectthenwaswrappedbyathicklayerofpaperorcotton.Thiswasverysafeindeed,butthepackingandunpackingmeantagreatdealoflabourandawasteofalotofmoney.
Thearrivaloffoamplasticalmostbroughtarevolutiontotheworld’spackingindustry.Todayitaccountsforthreequartersofpackingmaterialsfordelicategoodswhilecottonandspongehavenearlywithdrawnfromthemodernstageofpackaging.Thisisnothingaccidental:foronethingitisascheapasdirtitself;onetonoffoamplastic,whichoccupiesaspaceofasmuchas1000m3,amountstoonlyUS$260.Itissofterthanwood,andharderthancottonandspongerandpaper
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