托福作文寫作范文詳解tera

托福作文寫作范文詳解ReadingArecentstudyrevealsthatpeopleespeciallyyoungpeoplearereadingfarlessliterature—novels,plays,andpoems—thantheyusedto.Thisistroublingbecausethetrendhasunfortunateeffectsforthereadingpublic,forcultureingeneral,andforthefutureofliteratureitself.Whiletherehasbeenadeclineinbookreadinggenerally,thedeclinehasbeenespeciallysharpforliterature.Thisisunfortunatebecausenothingelseprovidestheintellectualstimulationthatliteraturedoes.Literatureencouragesustoexerciseourimaginations,empathizewithothers,andexpandourunderstandingoflanguage.Sobyreadinglessliterature,thereadingpublicismissingoutonimportantbenefits.Unfortunately,missingoutonthebenefitsofliteratureisnottheonlyproblem.Whatarepeoplereadinginstead?Considertheprevalenceofself-helpbooksonlistsofbestsellers.Theseareusuallysuperficialpoorlywritten,andintellectuallyundemanding.Additionally,insteadofsittingdownwithachallengingnovel,manypersonsarenowmorelikelytoturnonthetelevision,watchamusicvideo,orreadaWebpage.Clearly,divertingtimepreviouslyspentinreadingliteraturetotrivialformsofentertainmenthasloweredthelevelofcultureingeneral.Thetrendofreadinglessliteratureisallthemoreregrettablebecauseitistakingplaceduringaperiodwhengoodliteratureisbeingwritten.Therearemanytalentedwriterstoday,buttheylackanaudience.Thisfactisboundtoleadpublisherstoinvestlessinliteratureandsosupportfewerseriouswriters.Thus,thewritingaswellasthereadingofliteratureislikelytodeclinebecauseofthepoorstandardsoftoday'sreaders.ListeningProfessor:Itisoftensaidthatpeoplearereadinglessliteraturetodaythantheyusedto.Whatshouldofthis?Wellfirst,abookdoesn'thavetobeliteraturetobeintellectuallystimulating.Sciencewritinghistory,politicalanalysisandsofortharen^literatureperhaps,buttheyareoftenofhighqualityandthesekindsofbookscanbejustascreativeandwell-writtenasanoveloraplayTheycanstimulatetheimagination.Sodon'tassumethatsomeonewhoisn'treadingliteratureisn7treadingagoodbook.Butlet'ssaythatpeoplearen*tjustspendinglesstimewithliterature,theyarealsospendinglesstimewithbooksingeneral.Doesthatmeanthatthecultureisindecline?No,there'splentyofculturallyvaluablematerialthatisn'twritten-musicandmovies,forexample.Arepeoplewastingtheirtimewhentheylistentoabrilliantsongorwatchagoodmovie?Dothesenon-literaryactivitieslowerculturalstandards?Ofcoursenot.Culturehaschanged.Intoday'sculture,therearemanyformsofexpressionavailableotherthannovelsandpoems.Andsomeofthesecreativeformsspeakmoredirectlytocontemporaryconcernsthanliteraturedoes.Finally,itfsprobablytruethatthere'slesssupportforliteraturetodaythaninearliergenerations.Butdon'tbetooquicktoblamethereaders.Sometimesit'stheauthor'sfaults.Let'sbehonest.Alotofmodernliteratureisintendedtobedifficulttounderstand.Hereisnotmuchreasontosupposethatearliergenerationsofreaderswouldhavereadalotoftoday'sliteratureeither.閱讀聽力要點概括ReadingPassageMainpoints:Readinglessamongyoungpeoplehasunfortunateeffects.Subpoint1:Declinesharpforliteraturecausemissingoutonimportantbenefits.Subpoint2:Divertingtimehasloweredthelevelofculture.Subpoint3:Writingislikelytodeclinesincepoorstandardsofreaders.LectureAttitude:Why?SubPointl:Doesn'thavetobeliteraturetobeintellectuallystimulating.(History,Political,creative,imagination.)SubPoint2:Lesstimewithbookdoesnotmeancultureisindecline.(Musicandmovies,moredirectly.)SubPoint3:Writerswritemodernliteraturedifficulttounderstand.范文逐段賞析Paragraph1Thelecturerraisesseveralargumentstocounterthereadingpassage7sstrongcriticismofthepublic'sdeclininginterestinliterature.此段功能：（Listeningpassage后文提到用L代替）（Readingpassage后文用R代替）以L的觀點為主要觀點，作者寫出：L做了好幾個針對R關(guān)于公眾對于文學興趣下降的批評的反駁。此段結(jié)構(gòu)：由一句話確認邏輯為反并且總結(jié)了R的觀點，非常簡潔的為論述做好了鋪墊。Paragraph2Thelecturerarguesthatliteratureisonlyoneamongmanygenresfromwhichthepubliccanbenefitintellectually.Thepublicalsobenefitsfromreadingworksofsciencefictionandhistoricalnovels,amongothersgenres.Therefore,thereadingpassageiswrongtoclaimthatthepublicissufferinggreatlossesbynotreadingliterature.此段功能：作者其實是先表示L準備反駁R的第一論點，R認為文文學著作是社會中唯一種可以獲得智慧收益的種類。L說其實民眾讀科幻，歷史小說或者別的種類也能收益。所以，R聲明的民眾不讀文學就會有損失是完全錯誤的。此段結(jié)構(gòu)：此段為分總結(jié)構(gòu)。起手先表示L反對R的第一點，并詳細補充了第一點。經(jīng)過一番舉反例后，達到了證明R是錯誤的目的。Paragraph3Furthermore,thelecturerexplainsthatevenifitistruethatthepublicisreadingfewerbooksandwatchingmoretelevisionandfilmsinstead,thisdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatcultureisindecline.Televisionandfilmaresimplymodernformsofculturalexpressionthatarealsointellectuallystimulatinganddirectlyrelevanttocontemporarylife.此段功能：在第二點的論證上。L解釋就算公眾現(xiàn)在讀書少了，看的電視電影更多了，也并一定意味著文化的退化。電視和電影就是一種現(xiàn)代文化的表現(xiàn)形式也能增加收益并且和生活息息相關(guān)。此段結(jié)構(gòu)：此段為分總結(jié)構(gòu)。以L開頭，在if后面總結(jié)了R的觀點，然后說L對其不同意，最后一句總結(jié)了L的意見。Paragraph4Finally,thelectureradmitsadeclineinaudienceandsupportofliteratureintoday'ssociety,butsheattributesittotheauthorsthemselves.Shesaystheyhavealienatedthemselvesfromthereadingpublicbyusingoverlycomplexlanguage,structure,andcontent.Thereading,incontrast,blamestheloweredstandardsofthepublicforthedeclininginterestin