2021年全國高考英語一卷D篇閱讀理解詳解 詞匯整理 原文中英文賞析

5/5PAGE2021．06全國高考英語一卷D篇閱讀理解詳解+詞匯整理+原文中英文賞析試題文本第一段:Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感的)intelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson’smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills.”Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.原文節(jié)選第一段對照:Popularizationhasinsomecasesdistortedtheoriginalscientificdefinitionofemotionalintelligence.Manypeoplenowequateemotionalintelligencewithalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand"peopleskills."Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.1.本段關(guān)鍵信息詞匯:changed,popularization,original,misunderstand,makeup,farbeyond,skill-based，but,a.Popularization:/?p?pj?l?ra??ze??n/n.通俗化，大眾化；普及b.makeup:天性;性格；n.組成，構(gòu)造；化妝品；<美>補考；天性，性格；補給，補充復(fù)數(shù)makeupsSomeone'smake-upistheirnatureandthevariousqualitiesintheircharacter.Therewassomefatalflawinhismakeup,andastimewentonhelapsedintolongsilencesorbecameoff-hand.他的性格有致命的缺陷，隨著時間的推移，他陷入了久久的沉默，或者變得漠然。2.黑體詞部分從語篇思維角度可能會是影響閱讀理解的關(guān)鍵詞，也可能是命題題點所需要支持的信息詞。32.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson’smind.C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.D.Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.本題題干提問信息詞匯:misunderstanding。相對應(yīng)上面2提到的閱讀以及命題關(guān)鍵詞:misunderstood。本題的四個選項對這一部分進行了paraphrase/?p?r?fre?z/美/?p?r?fre?z/vt.釋義干擾項把原文信息進行了相反的paraphrase，正確項貌似對信息almosteverythingdesirable進行了paraphrase:Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.但事實上，desirable和positive是兩個具有不同性質(zhì)的修飾類形容詞。兩者嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)來講不能同指同一事物。此處，答案選擇D。desirable英/d??za??r?bl/adj.令人向往的，值得擁有的；可取的；性感的n.稱心意的人（或物），好的品質(zhì)文本第一段命題人修改了兩個信息詞distorted-changed;equate-misunderstood。這兩對詞匯的替換是否恰當(dāng)，供讀者們探討。本觀點認(rèn)為有欠妥當(dāng)，因為欠妥當(dāng)，引起32題的設(shè)計結(jié)合原文讓人感覺不地道。Distort相似與misunderstood，而equate和misunderstood基本很難語義相關(guān)?？荚囄谋镜诙?Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.Weprefertodefineemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeitherprosocialorantisocialpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyperceivehowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyatherapisttogaugehowbesttohelpherclients,whereasaconartistmightuseittomanipulatepotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneanethicalperson.1.標(biāo)色部分為“第二段”的試題文本和原文改動詞匯對比。試題文本被認(rèn)為在此處劃分了另一段落。是否符合語篇寫作形式邏輯，需要從寫作技巧上進行具體分析。2.事實上，define無需改為describe。Prosocialorantisocialpurposes改為goodorbadpurposes已經(jīng)改變了，原作者的寫作意圖，兩者含義區(qū)別很大，會給讀者造成一定的思維干擾。perceive,understand,know這樣的替換還是可以的。therapist/doctor，gauge/find,client/patient,whereas/while,conartist/cheater的替換也可以接受。Ethical應(yīng)該是課標(biāo)詞匯，無需修改。3.“Theability<>maybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.”這是一個復(fù)雜句子，theability指上文提到的emotionalintelligence所代表的能力。Theabilitymaybeusedbyadoctortofind...whereas(此處還是覺得原詞更好)表示“指定性轉(zhuǎn)折對比”，醫(yī)生可以用以對癥治療，騙子也可能拿來行騙。得出結(jié)論:有情商的人群可能是具有兩面性的分類人群。33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.此題屬于細(xì)節(jié)理解題。理解了原文信息就可以讀懂題干。但是選項信息區(qū)別性不是太大，命題人從主觀角度給出B為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案。比較起來，B為最佳。AC并沒有原則上的非正確性的信息支持?？荚囄谋镜谌?Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.原文對照:Althoughpopularclaimsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasisonemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwelfare.1.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.雖然關(guān)于情商的流行(大眾化)觀點遠遠超出了研究所能提供的合理支持(論證)，但宣傳的總體效果是利大于弊。a.runfaraheadof:遠遠跑在前面。此處語境指“遠遠超過”。b.publicityn.(媒體的)關(guān)注，宣傳，報道;宣傳業(yè);廣告宣傳工作;傳播工作publicity英/p?b?l?s?ti/美/p?b?l?s?ti/n.（媒體的）關(guān)注，報道；宣傳，推廣；宣傳業(yè)，廣告行業(yè)；宣傳品，廣告；引起公眾關(guān)注的事物2.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasisonemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwelfare.這種普及(媒體宣傳形成的人們的普遍認(rèn)知)最積極的方面是雇主、教育工作者和其他關(guān)心促進社會福利的人對情感的一種新的和急需的強化。試題文本第四段:Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.原文對照:Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchpsychologyreevaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservehumansadaptivelyineverydaylife.此處researchpsychology/researchers,humans/people的替換意義不是很大，原文詞匯更加貼切達意。1.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.情商的普及幫助公眾和研究者重新評估情感的功能以及它們?nèi)绾卧谌粘Ｉ钪羞m應(yīng)性地為人們服務(wù)。34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.詢問作者情感態(tài)度的試題一般可以通過文章信息獲得答案。文本3.4段表明作者的態(tài)度是肯定的。試題文本第五段:Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(視角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.1.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.雖然情緒智力的持續(xù)流行的吸引力是可取的，我們希望這種關(guān)注將激發(fā)對情緒的科學(xué)和學(xué)術(shù)研究的更大興趣。2.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(視角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.我們希望在未來的幾十年里，科學(xué)的進步將提供新的視角以此來研究人們?nèi)绾喂芾?引領(lǐng))自己的生活。此處，原文當(dāng)中的navigate要比修改后的manage更能表達意義。3.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.情商，以其對頭腦和心靈的關(guān)注，可能會為我們指明正確的方向。原文對照:Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisbothwarrantedanddesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillstimulateagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesincognitiveandaffectivesciencewillofferintertwiningperspectivesfromwhichtostudyhowpeoplenavigatetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayadequatelyservetopointusintherightdirection.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.此題的命題點屬于對段落大意進行概括，關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)鍵詞“hope,will，may”,鏈接答案中的expectations。D項的語言表述是有問題的。B項可以改為:Expectationsforfuturestudiesonit.C項可以改為:Thepracticalapplicationonit.總結(jié):本文是節(jié)選。文章基本表意完整。選取這一部分視角和普通關(guān)于情商的認(rèn)知有一定的差異性。也正是這種認(rèn)知差異性使得本文通過英語傳達的思想略有難度。文本有一些復(fù)雜句，但整體句式整齊，沒有偏怪句式，不會產(chǎn)生明顯的句式語言障礙。當(dāng)然，也會對學(xué)生的基本語法習(xí)得情況有一定的區(qū)分度。試題命制中規(guī)中矩。試題文本被命題人劃分為5段，從文法角度是否嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)科學(xué)有待考證。建議語篇分析此文時酌情科學(xué)進行。試卷試題:Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(視角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.32.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson’smind.C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.D.Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisbothwarrantedanddesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillstimulateagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.節(jié)選原文:Popularizationhasinsomecasesdistortedtheoriginalscientificdefinitionofemotionalintelligence.Manypeoplenowequateemotionalintelligencewithalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand"peopleskills."Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.Weprefertodefineemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeitherprosocialorantisocialpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyperceivehowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyatherapisttogaugehowbesttohelpherclients,whereasaconartistmightuseittomanipulatepotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneanethicalperson.在某些情況下，大眾化扭曲了情商的原始科學(xué)定義?，F(xiàn)在，許多人將情商等同于一個人的構(gòu)成中幾乎所有需要的東西，而這些東西是IQ測試無法衡量的，比如性格、動機、信心、心理穩(wěn)定性、樂觀主義和“人際交往能力”。研究表明，情商技能可能有助于提高其中一些素質(zhì)，但很多（我們期望的優(yōu)秀）素質(zhì)遠遠超出了基于技能的情商。我們更傾向于將情緒智力定義為一組特定的技能，可以用于親社會或反社會目的。治療師可以利用準(zhǔn)確感知他人感受的能力來衡量如何最好地幫助客戶，而騙子則可以利用這種能力來操縱潛在的受害者。情感上的智慧并不一定能使人成為一個有道德的人。Althoug