高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題突破精練：完形填空（說(shuō)明文和議論文）

說(shuō)明文和議論文Test1Peoplealwayssaythatteenagefriendshipsarethemostprecious.Kidsaretoo1tounderstandrealfriendshipwhileadultstendtorelateittofameandwealth.

Thingsare2withhighschoolbestfriends.Weshareeachother’s3.Wediscussnewsfromallwalksoflifeandbeginto4ourvalues.We5eachotheronthejourneytothebiggestchallengeinourlives.Wealsosharesuccessandfailure.The6offriendshipbecomedeeplyrooted.

Manyofusdon’trealisethisuntilweenter7.Oneofmyfriends,Cora,experiencedhow8thebondwithhighschoolfriendscouldbe.“Itwasmyhighschoolfriendwhohelpedmegetthroughthedarkestdaysinmylife,”Corasaid.

In2018,Cora9herjobinNewYork.Cora’sbestfriendwasstayinginacollegedormitoryandtookherin.Eachnightthetwogirlssqueezedintoa10singlebed,chattingandcrying.“I’llneverforgethercareandencouragement,whichsupportedmeoutofthe11,”saidCora.

Istillremembermy12daysinSenior3.Atthetime,I13a20messagewithmybestfriend,bothofushopingtokeepthefriendshipgoingforever.

Butwedidn’trealisewewere14deepineachother’sheart.Duringthepast10years,wheneverI’veneededhelporwantedtopouroutmy15,shehasalwaysbeenthereattheotherendofatelephoneline.

1.A.sillyB.youngC.slow D.naughty2.A.different B.familiarC.simple D.comfortable3.A.success B.failureC.values D.secrets4.A.shape B.changeC.design D.discover5.A.praise B.blameC.inform D.support6.A.flowers B.fruitsC.leaves D.seeds7.A.university B.classroomC.society D.hotel8.A.strong B.freeC.clear D.weak9.A.got B.foundC.lost D.changed10.A.new B.narrowC.warm D.large11.A.circle B.marriageC.darkness D.loneliness12.A.lonely B.busyC.sad D.last13.A.sent B.completedC.wrote D.exchanged14.A.already B.evenC.instead D.still15.A.excitement B.breathC.unhappiness D.joyTest2Allourfoodcomesdirectlyorindirectlyfromsoil.Thesoilwhichisdarkincolourishumus(腐殖質(zhì)).Humusincludesplentyofusefulmaterials1fromdeadplantsandwastematterfromanimals.Soil2itsfood.Ifwedonot3itwithanyfood,plantswillnotgrowwellonit.Animalwasteisthebestfoodforsoil,andchemical4aregood,too.Achangeofcropseveryyearinthesamesoilwillalsodo5.

Whensoilistoo6,windswillblowitaway,andthelandwillsoonlooklikea7.Farmerscanpreventthis8growingtrees.Thiswillweakenthe9ofthewind.Afterheavyrain,the10carriesthehumusdowntotheriver.Thisoftenhappens11thefieldsareonthehillsides.Farmerscanleveltheirfieldsandmakethem12.

Atthebeginningofthecenturytherehavebeenabout7,00013peopleonEarth.Wenowoughtto14everybitofthesoil.15,wherewillsuchalargepopulationgrowtheirfood?

1.A.diedB.madeC.brought D.taken2.A.eats B.needsC.feeds D.enjoys3.A.give B.produceC.supply D.develop4.A.poisons B.fertilisersC.powders D.medicines5.A.harm B.goodC.help D.favour6.A.light B.energeticC.dry D.thirsty7.A.desert B.lakeC.valley D.plain8.A.from B.byC.off D.with9.A.noise B.blowC.speed D.force10.A.wind B.farmerC.tree D.water11.A.where B.inC.to D.that12.A.hill-like B.stair-likeC.bottom-like D.gulf-like13.A.thousand B.thousandsC.million D.millions14.A.affect B.useC.save D.share15.A.Otherwise B.HoweverC.Therefore D.ThoughTest3(2021·湖北八市高三聯(lián)考題改編)Thebestandmostamazingthingaboutlifeisthatnomatterwhathappensorhowharditmaybe,stay1.

Allyouneedto2istodogood,evenifitmaybethesmallestthing,likegreetingsomeonewithasmile.Itcan3someone’sday,andyouwillhavemadethesmallest4biggestdifferencetotheirlife.

Ilearnedpatienceinthehard5.Ihavebeentryingtorushthroughlife,always6myselftomyfriendsandwonderingwhenmylifewouldchange.Iwastoobusytryingtospeedthingsup,butthingsjustweren’t7,soIfinallygaveup.However,whenIcontinuedtohelppeopleanddolittlethingstomakeadifference,life8meback.Therefore,keepyour9unchanged,nomatterhowunjustpeoplearetowardsyou.Ibelieveyouwillbesuccessful,10everythinghasitsownspecialtime,andyoursisdefinitelycoming.Youjustneedto11alittlelonger.

I12metsomeoneworthitall,sokindandsweet,alwaystryingtosurprisemeinthemost13ways.Now,everydayissomethingbiggerandbetter,andthat14isamazing.

Evenifyouhavebeendoingbadthingsuntilnow,youcanchangeitall.Believeme,italwaysgetsbetter.It’snoteasy,butitwill.Iknow,becauseIhavebeen15withitandIfinallyfeelbetter.

1.A.curious B.patientC.serious D.generous2.A.reflecton B.setaboutC.takeup D.focuson3.A.speedup B.lookupC.brightenup D.turnup4.A.but B.andC.or D.so5.A.way B.timeC.point D.problem6.A.adapting B.adjustingC.comparing D.applying7.A.speeding B.changingC.moving D.succeeding8.A.gives B.paysC.gets D.brings9.A.intentions B.mindsC.hearts D.efforts10.A.if B.whenC.until D.because11.A.work B.waitC.operate D.stay12.A.eventually B.occasionallyC.suddenly D.instantly13.A.normal B.unusualC.common D.unexpected14.A.thought B.viewC.feeling D.idea15.A.hunting B.strugglingC.searching D.exploringTest1本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者通過(guò)孩子與成人的比較,說(shuō)明友誼在不同年齡段的認(rèn)知特點(diǎn)。1.B解析:此處指孩子年齡還太小,不懂得真正的友誼。故選B項(xiàng)。2.A解析:上文講了孩提時(shí)期還不懂得真正的友誼,成年人則常把友誼同名聲、財(cái)富聯(lián)系在一起。根據(jù)第二段及下文所描述的情況可知,高中時(shí)期最要好的朋友之間的友誼則與上述兩種情形不一樣。故選A項(xiàng)。3.D解析:此處指分享彼此的“秘密”。A、B、C三項(xiàng)在下文中都做了描述,故可排除,否則重復(fù)。4.A解析:此處指討論生活中方方面面的事情并開始“形成”自己的價(jià)值觀。故選A項(xiàng)。5.D解析:根據(jù)該空后的tothebiggestchallenge及本段中的“Wealsosharesuccessandfailure.”可知,在通向人生挑戰(zhàn)的旅途中,“我”們彼此支持。故選D項(xiàng)。6.D解析:此處指在相互討論、彼此支持、分享成敗的過(guò)程中,友誼的“種子”深深地扎根于“我”們之間。故選D項(xiàng)。7.C解析:根據(jù)下文提到Cora的例子可知,她是在進(jìn)入社會(huì)后才體會(huì)到高中時(shí)期友誼的珍貴,而作者在下文中講述自己的經(jīng)歷也是如此。因此,此處表示“許多人直到進(jìn)入社會(huì)后才認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)”。故選C項(xiàng)。8.A解析:此處指Cora在進(jìn)入社會(huì)后,體會(huì)到與高中的好朋友之間的關(guān)系是多么緊密。故選A項(xiàng)。9.C解析:根據(jù)下文講的Cora和她的好朋友擠在一張單人床上以及上文中的thedarkestdays可知,Cora失去了工作。故選C項(xiàng)。10.B解析:根據(jù)該空前的squeezedinto及該空后的singlebed可知,床應(yīng)該很窄。故選B項(xiàng)。11.C解析:根據(jù)上文中的thedarkestdays可知,Cora把失業(yè)的那一段時(shí)間稱為人生中最黑暗的日子,故此處指她的好朋友的關(guān)心和鼓勵(lì)幫助她走出了黑暗。故選C項(xiàng)。12.D解析:兩人交換著信息,希望能長(zhǎng)久保持相互之間的友誼,由此情景可判斷出,應(yīng)是在高三最后的日子里。故選D項(xiàng)。13.D解析:作者和好朋友交換了長(zhǎng)達(dá)二十頁(yè)的信息,希望友誼能夠長(zhǎng)存。故選D項(xiàng)。14.A解析:根據(jù)本文講述的重點(diǎn)“高中時(shí)期的友誼是最珍貴的”可知,此處指當(dāng)時(shí)她們還沒(méi)有意識(shí)到她們已經(jīng)在彼此的內(nèi)心深處了。15.C解析:此處指在作者想傾吐內(nèi)心的不快時(shí)也會(huì)給她最好的朋友打電話。故選C項(xiàng)。Test2本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。怎樣才能更好地利用我們賴以生存的土壤?怎樣才能減少土壤的流失?本文給出了答案。1.D解析:takenfrom“從……中取出;取材于”,是動(dòng)詞-ed短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ),修飾usefulmaterials。2.B解析:土壤“需要”食物,也就是上文中的deadplants和wastematterfromanimals。下文的thebestfoodforsoil也是提示。3.C解析:supply...with...“把……提供給……”,是固定搭配。4.B解析:改良土壤的應(yīng)該是“化肥(chemicalfertilisers)”。只有B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。poison“毒藥,毒物”;powder“粉末”;medicine“藥”。5.B解析:dogood“有益處,有好處”,為固定搭配。6.C解析:當(dāng)土壤太“干燥(dry)”時(shí),風(fēng)就會(huì)把土壤吹走。7.A解析:因?yàn)轱L(fēng)把土壤吹走了,所以土地看上去就像“沙漠”。8.B解析:此處用by表示通過(guò)某種方式或手段,后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式做賓語(yǔ)。9.D解析:通過(guò)植樹可以減弱風(fēng)的“力量(force)”,從而防止土壤被風(fēng)吹走。noise“噪聲”;blow“吹”;speed“速度”。10.D解析:大雨過(guò)后,“雨水”會(huì)把腐殖質(zhì)沖到河里。11.A解析:此處where表示地點(diǎn)。12.B解析:農(nóng)民可以平整田地,使它們像梯級(jí)一樣。stair-like像梯級(jí)的。13.C解析:thousand,million等與具體數(shù)字連用時(shí),不加-s,故排除B、D兩項(xiàng),根據(jù)常識(shí)可知選C項(xiàng)。14.C解析:此處表示我們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該“節(jié)約(save)”每一寸土地。15.A解析:由下文的問(wèn)句可知,此處應(yīng)用otherwise表示“否則”。Test3本文是一篇議論文。無(wú)論生活中發(fā)生什么事情,我們都應(yīng)保持耐心、面帶微笑,堅(jiān)持做好事,即使是很小的好事也會(huì)給他人帶來(lái)影響,同時(shí)我們自己也會(huì)收獲開心與喜悅。1.B解析:根據(jù)下文的Ilearnedpatience可知,生活中無(wú)論發(fā)生什么,無(wú)論有多艱難,都要有耐心。故選B項(xiàng)。2.D解析:根據(jù)下文的“...evenifitmaybethesmallestthing,likegreetingsomeonewithasmile.”可知,人們需要做的是專注于做好事。故選D項(xiàng)。3.C解析:根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,設(shè)空處前面的It指上文中的greetingsomeonewithasmile,此處應(yīng)表示“一個(gè)微笑就會(huì)點(diǎn)亮別人的一天”。故選C項(xiàng)。4.A解析:此處smallest與biggest的意思和情感色彩相反,應(yīng)使用表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的連詞but。故選A項(xiàng)。5.A解析:根據(jù)下文的“Iwastoobusytryingtospeedthingsup,butthings...soIfinallygaveup.”可知,作者在學(xué)會(huì)耐心之前吃了不少苦頭。故選A項(xiàng)。6.C解析:根據(jù)上文的Ihavebeentryingtorushthroughlife和下文的wonderingwhe