英專(zhuān)綜合教程6冊(cè)課文翻譯及課后答案Answer-to-unit3

英專(zhuān)綜合教程6冊(cè)課文翻譯及課后答案Answer-to-unit3IV.ChineseTranslationofParagraphs首先，我要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，讀書(shū)本應(yīng)是一種享受。當(dāng)然，為了應(yīng)付考試或者獲取信息，許多書(shū)我們不得不讀，而我們從中卻不可能得到任何愉悅。我們讀這些書(shū)是出于教育的目的，至多希望自己對(duì)它的需要不至于使閱讀的過(guò)程過(guò)于乏味。我們讀這些書(shū)并非好之樂(lè)之，而是出于無(wú)奈。這當(dāng)然不是我要談的讀書(shū)。要談的讀書(shū)。我接下去要談?wù)摰臅?shū)籍，既不能助您獲得學(xué)位，也不能幫您謀生；既不能教您怎樣駕駛帆船，也不能教您怎樣啟動(dòng)熄火的車(chē)輛。然而，它們卻可以讓您生活得更為充實(shí)。不過(guò)，您必須喜歡讀書(shū)才行，否則也無(wú)濟(jì)于事。我這里所說(shuō)的“您”，是指那些有閑的成年人，他們想讀的不是非讀不可的那些書(shū)。我指的不是書(shū)蟲(chóng)，因?yàn)闀?shū)蟲(chóng)們自有讀書(shū)之道。我這里只想談些名著，那些很久以來(lái)廣受推崇的杰作。我們理應(yīng)都讀過(guò)這些名著，遺憾的是這類(lèi)人卻為數(shù)甚少。有些名著不僅為優(yōu)秀的批評(píng)家們所公認(rèn)，文學(xué)史家也會(huì)有長(zhǎng)篇大論，然而，今天的普通讀者讀之卻味同嚼蠟。這些作品對(duì)研究者來(lái)說(shuō)是重要的，然而，時(shí)移事易，人們喜好變更，如今這些書(shū)早已失其原味，要讀完全憑意志。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，我讀過(guò)喬治·艾略特的《亞當(dāng)·比德》，但我不能違心地說(shuō)這個(gè)過(guò)程是愉悅的。我讀它是出于義務(wù)，讀完了自然如釋重負(fù)。關(guān)于這類(lèi)書(shū)籍，我無(wú)意置喙。每個(gè)人自有自己的評(píng)價(jià)和意見(jiàn)。不論學(xué)者們對(duì)某本書(shū)作何評(píng)價(jià)，即便他們眾口如一，極盡溢美之詞，除非您感興趣，否則它與您毫不相干。不要忘記批評(píng)家也經(jīng)常犯錯(cuò)，批評(píng)史上那些最著名的評(píng)論家的低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤比比皆是。一本書(shū)對(duì)您價(jià)值幾何，只有作為讀者的您才是最終評(píng)判人。當(dāng)然，這適用于我將要向您推薦的書(shū)籍。我們每個(gè)人都不可能與他人完全一樣，至多只是相仿而已。因此，沒(méi)有理由認(rèn)為對(duì)我有益的書(shū)也正好對(duì)您有益。不過(guò)，讀這些書(shū)讓我覺(jué)得內(nèi)心更加富有；倘若我沒(méi)有讀過(guò)的話，恐怕我就不會(huì)完全是今天的我了。所以我懇求您，倘若您在本文的誘惑之下去讀我推薦的書(shū)，但卻又讀不下去，那就放下它們。得不到愉悅的東西，對(duì)您毫無(wú)用處。誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有義務(wù)去讀什么詩(shī)歌、小說(shuō)或者被稱(chēng)為“美文學(xué)”的雜文(真希望我知道這個(gè)詞英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)，但我認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)里沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)的詞)。讀書(shū)須有樂(lè)趣，但誰(shuí)能斷言某君中意之物，他人也必定趨之若鶩？不要認(rèn)為愉悅就是不道德。愉悅本身是件大好事，所有的愉悅都是好事，只是它后果各異，理智人士會(huì)回避某些愉悅的方式。愉悅也不一定是粗俗淫蕩的。但凡發(fā)現(xiàn)心智上的愉悅是最為完美、最為持久的人，都是其時(shí)代的智者。因此，養(yǎng)成讀書(shū)的習(xí)慣大有裨益。養(yǎng)成讀書(shū)習(xí)慣，就是給自己營(yíng)造逃避生活中幾乎一切愁苦的庇護(hù)所。我說(shuō)“幾乎”，是因?yàn)槲也幌肟浯笃湓~，宣稱(chēng)讀書(shū)可以緩解饑餓的折磨、消除單相思的痛苦；但是幾本好看的偵探小說(shuō)外加一個(gè)熱水瓶足以使任何感冒患者津津有味地讀下去。反之，如果硬要他去讀味同嚼蠟的書(shū)，又有誰(shuí)能養(yǎng)成那種為讀書(shū)而讀書(shū)的習(xí)慣呢？為了方便起見(jiàn)，我將按年代順序來(lái)羅列我要談的書(shū)籍。不過(guò)倘若您決定要讀這些書(shū)，則不一定非按這個(gè)順序不可。我建議您最好還是隨興去讀，您甚至不一定要讀完一本再讀另一本。就我而言，我更喜歡同時(shí)讀四五本書(shū)。畢竟您每天的心情都會(huì)有變化，您也不可能一天二十四小時(shí)都熱切地想讀某一本書(shū)。我們必須適時(shí)調(diào)整。于是我很自然地采取了最適合自己的讀書(shū)計(jì)劃。早晨工作之前，我會(huì)讀點(diǎn)科學(xué)或者哲學(xué)著作，因?yàn)檫@需要頭腦清醒、思想集中。這開(kāi)啟了我一天的工作。完成工作之后，我覺(jué)得輕松，但又不想從事緊張的腦力活動(dòng)，我便讀歷史、散文、評(píng)論或者傳記；晚上我則讀小說(shuō)。小說(shuō)。此外，我手頭總有本詩(shī)集，以便興致來(lái)了翻上幾頁(yè)；放在我床頭的，則是那種可以隨意翻閱、隨時(shí)放下的書(shū)。這種書(shū)讀之欣然，擱之泰然，可惜太難覓了?；仡櫳衔?，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我不止一次向您建議，不時(shí)地跳讀實(shí)為明智之舉。我覺(jué)得前面提到的書(shū)籍都非常重要，值得通讀。但即便這類(lèi)書(shū)籍，您如能行使跳讀的權(quán)利，也將獲得更大的愉悅。因?yàn)榧幢闶莻ゴ蟮淖髌?，隨著人們品味的變化，部分篇章也會(huì)變得枯燥乏味。今天，我們已不再理會(huì)18世紀(jì)推崇的說(shuō)教式文章，也不再青睞19世紀(jì)鐘愛(ài)的大段景物描寫(xiě)。當(dāng)小說(shuō)盛行現(xiàn)實(shí)主義時(shí)，作家們鐘情于細(xì)節(jié)；而在走了很長(zhǎng)的路之后，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)只有與主題相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)才有意思。學(xué)會(huì)如何跳讀，也就學(xué)會(huì)了如何從閱讀中獲得益處和愉悅。但是對(duì)于如何學(xué)習(xí)跳讀之法，我則無(wú)可奉告，因?yàn)槲覐膩?lái)沒(méi)有學(xué)會(huì)此項(xiàng)訣竅，我是個(gè)跳讀能力很差的人。我唯恐跳讀會(huì)漏掉有價(jià)值的信息，只好去啃那些令我厭煩的章節(jié)。而我一旦開(kāi)始跳讀，便打不住了，每次讀完之后便開(kāi)始自責(zé)，因?yàn)槲乙庾R(shí)到我沒(méi)有充分享用這本書(shū)。而且我覺(jué)得與其這樣，還不如干脆不讀它。SectionFourConsolidationActivitiesI.TextComprehension1.Decidewhichofthefollowing beststatestheauthor'spurpose.A.To recommend some masterpieces forpleasurablereading.B.Tolet thereaderssharehisexperience ofreading.C.Tourgetheexercise ofpersonal taste intheselectionofwhattoreadfromthebooksheisgoingtorecommend.Key:[C]Judge,accordingtothetext,whetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.1).Ifbookscanfulfillyourutilitarianpurposes,youwillfindreadingthemenjoyable.[F]2).Allmasterpieces,duetotheirimportanceandvalueacknowledgedbycritics,shouldbegivenpriorityonreaders’booklists.[F]3).Thefirstcriterioninbook-selectionisthatthereadershouldgetpleasurefromhis/herreading.[T]4).Readinghabitsvaryfrompersontoperson,dependingonindividuals’preferences.[T]5).Theauthordoesnotbelieveinskipping,becauseheoftenworriesthathemayhavemissedsomethingimportantandvaluableinreadingasaresultofskipping.[F]II.WritingStrategiesReadthefollowingsentencesthatarestructuredinaninvertedsequence.Suchbookswereadwithresignationratherthanwithalacrity.(Paragraph1)That,however,theycannotdounlessyouenjoyreadingthem.(Paragraph1)NowofsuchbooksasthisImeantosaynothing.(Paragraph3)...buthowyouaretolearnitIcannottellyou...(Paragraph6)Trytogivethenormalorderofthesesentencesandcommentontheirstylisticfunctions.a.Normalsequence:Wereadsuchbookswithresignationratherthanwithalacrity.Function:Tocreateacloserrelationbetween“books”inthissentenceand“them”intheprecedingone.Normalsequence:However,theycannotdothatunlessyouenjoyreadingthem.Function:Toachieveemphasisbyputting“that”atthebeginningofthesentence.c.Normalsequence:NowImeantosaynothingofsuchbooksasthis.Function: Bothtoachieveemphasisandtocreate a closer relation between“this”inthesentenceandwhathasbeendiscussedintheprecedingone.Normalsequence:...butIcannottellyouhowyouaretolearnit...Function:Bothtoachieveemphasisandtocreateacloserrelationbetween “it”in the sentence and“to knowhowtoskip”intheprecedingone.WiththeexceptionofParagraphs1and4,theauthorsupplieshisownexperiencesinthesecondhalfofeachparagraphtoshedmorelightonthesuggestionsheputsforward.Readtheseexperiencesagain,andidentifytheauthor ’sviewpoints.Theauthor’sviewpointsinvolvedinhispersonalexperiences:Theauthor’sexperienceinreadingGeorgeEliot’sAdamBede(Paragraph2)—toindicatethatmasterpiecesdonotnecessarilybringenjoymentinreading.b.Readingcertainbooksmakestheauthorfeelthericher(Paragraph3)—tosuggestthatwhatpleasesonepersondoesnotnecessarilypleaseanother.Theauthor’sreadinghabit(Paragraph5)—toadvisepeoplethattheyneedtoreadaccordingtotheirowninterests.Theauthor’sexperienceasabadskipper(Paragraph6) —toprovethatreadingcouldbemoreenjoyable,ifyouknowhowtoskip.III.LanguageWorkExplaintheunderlinedpart(s)ineachsentenceinyourownwords.1).Suchbookswereadwithresignationratherthanwithalacrity.readwithunresistingacceptancebecauseweknowwehaveto;eagerness2).ThebooksIshallmentioninduecoursewillhelpyouneithertogetadegreenortoearnyourliving.later,aftertheseintroductoryremarks3).Iwishtodealonlywiththemasterpieceswhichtheconsensusofopinionforalongtimehasacceptedassupreme.foralongtimehavegenerallybeenacceptedasthemostimportantbooks4).Don’tforgetthatcriticsoftenmakemistakes—thehistoryofcriticismisfulloftheblundersthemosteminentofthemhavemade...full ofmistakes; famousandrespected5)....Iwouldnotgosofarastopretendthattoreadabookwillassuagethepangsofhungerorstillthepainofunrequitedlove...easethepainfulfeeling;kill6).Butwhoisgoingtoacquirethehabitofreadingforreading’ssake,ifheisbiddentoreadbooksthatborehimtoldto7).Itsetsmeofffortheday.warmsmeupandgetsmereadyforawholeday’swork8). Lateron,whenmyworkisdoneandIfeelat ease, but not inclined for mentalexerciseofastrenuouscharacter,Ireadhistory, essays,criticism orbiography ...ready for; a toilsome / difficultnature9).... I amawarejustice...havenottreated

Ithe

have not doneitbookinawaythatisfair10).IamapttothinkthatImightjustaswellneverhavereadit...tendto;itmighthavebeenequallygoodifIhadneverreadit(Note:itisaphraseusedtomeanthatanothercourseofactionwouldhaveanequallygoodresult.)Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.1).Theyreceived thenewswithresignation.(resign)2).Thecompanyhasbeguntochallengethesupremacy(supreme)ofthecurrentleadingmanufacturersinthetextilesindustry.3).Allfourproposalstothecommitteewereunanimously(unanimous)approved.4).Havingachievedeminence(eminent)asanactor,henowintendstoperformacomparablefeatinpolitics.5).Thispartofthelawisonlyapplicable(apply) to companiesemploying morethanfivepeople.6). The museumhouses a fascinatingmiscellany (miscellaneous) of nauticaltreasures..I’mnotsureofthechronology(chronological)oftheevents.Thechildrensatlisteningattentively(attention)tothestory.9).Myowninclination(incline)wouldbetolookforanotherjob.10).Hestrenuously(strenuous)deniesalltheallegationsagainsthim.3.Fill intheblank(s) ineachsentencea phrase taken from the box inappropriateform.incline|resign|classas|withequanimity|robof|stalloff|apt|dipinto |applytoextract |dojustice to

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withitssetoff1).Shedidn’treallydojusticetoherselfintheinterview.Heresignedfromthecompanytotakeamorechallengingjob.3).Alast-minuteinjuryrobbedmeofmyplaceontheteam.4).It’sthesortofbookyoucanjustdipintonowandagain.5).Thatbitoftheformisforforeigners—itdoesn’tapplytoyou.6).Nooneseemedinclinedtohelp.7).I’m17,butI’mstillclassedasachildwhenItravelbybus.8).She’sinhereightiesnowandapttobeabitforgetful.9).She’sfinallystoppedcrying—nowdon’tsetheroffagain.10).Theoilwhichisextractedfromolivesisusedforcooking.11).Thethiefbrokeintotheofficewhilehisaccomplicestalledoffthesecurityguard.12).Hereceivedthenewsofhismother’sdeathwithremarkableequanimity.4.Explainthemeaningoftheunderlinedpartineachsentence.1).Thereisasuprememomentattheendoftheopera.amomentwhichcausesgreatexcitement2).Theairwassostillthatnoteventheleavesonthetreesweremoving.Therewassolittlewind3).Hebadethemtoleaveatonce.orderedortold4).Ifsymptomspersist,seekmedicalattention.visitadoctor5).Thekitchenroofisapttoleakwhenitrains.likelyto6).Shefeltthatlifehadlostmostofitssavour.pleasureandinterest7).Somebodysetthealarmoff.madethealarmbellring8).Iinclinetodisagreewithyouonthatpoint.Imoredisagreethanagree9).I ’veonlydippedintothebook.readafewpagesofthebook,notfromcovertocover10).Thewinnerhasbeendisqualifiedforcheating,sojusticehasbeendone.fairnesshasbeenachievedCorrecttheerrorsinthefollowingpassage.Thepassagecontainstenerrors,oneineachindicatedline.Ineachcase,onlyonewordisinvolved.Correctionsshouldbedoneasfollows:Wrongword:underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectwordintheblank.Extraword:deletetheextrawordwithan“×.”Missingword:markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“∧”andwritethemissingwordintheblank.JosephConradJosephConradledafascinatinglife.BorninPoland,hemovedaround(1)languagetheworldasasailorandeventuallysettledinEngland.Hemusthavebeen(2)withanexcellentlanguage’s(3)exploitedlearnerashesoonbecameafamousEnglishwriter.(4)sinkingHewrotealargenumberofshortstoriesandalotofnovels,mainlyaboutthesea.Manyalso,ashelivedaround1900,wereconcerned∧colonialism.(5)toNostromoexposedthewayWesterncapitalism(6)evilsometimesexploitingthethirdworld,andLordJimwasaboutaship’s(7)overofficerwholosthishonorwhenheabandoned(8)forpassengersonasunkship.(9)basisPerhapshismostfamous(10)presenceandpowerfulbookisTheHeartofDarkness.Adecentman,Marlow,issenttoinvestigatewhathashappenedtoKurtz,anivorytrader,basedalongwayuponeofthegreatAfricanrivers.Kurtz’sbehaviorhasbecomeincreasinglyodd,andhisemployerswanttoknowwhathashappened.AsMarlowtravelsuptotheriver,movingintotheheartofAfrica,throughthick,dangerousjungle,hefindshimselfalsotravelingintotheheartofdarkness,man’ssavageryandevilness.Butattheveryhearthefinds,notanAfrican,butKurtz,therepresentativeofwhitecivilization,whohasturnedhimselfoverintoagod-king,rulingoverhisowntribe.Terriblethingshappen,andeventuallythemadKurtzdieswhispering,“Oh,thehorror,thehorror.”Thestoryhasbeenfilmedforanumberoftimes,andwasusedbyCoppolaasthebaseforhisfilmApocalypseNow,astudyoftheAmericanpresentinVietnam.Itremainsapowerfulwarningofthedangerofsuperiority.FillineachblankinthepassagebelowwithONEappropriateword.TheBeautyofReadingAllgoodbookshaveonethingin(1)common—theyaretruerthaniftheyreally(2)happenedandafter youhavefinished readingoneyouwillfeelthatallthathappenedtoyouandafterwards, it all (3)belongstoyou:the goodand the bad, the ecstasy, theremorse and sorrow, the people and theplacesandhowtheweatherwas.—ErnestHemingwayBooks,asweallknow,arethesteppingstonestohumanprogress,fortheyreflecttheworld’sgreatestminds.However,theyareonlygaudyornamentsonthe(4)shelvesuntilsomeonereadsthem.Soitisreadingthat(5)makesthedifference.Readingistothemindwhatfoodistothe(6)body,forittransformsthewaypeopleunderstandtheworld,invokesself-awarenessandhelpstofulfill(7)personalpotential.Readingunfoldsasketchoftherealworldinfrontofreaders’(8)eyes.Bookspresentthelandscapeandstoriesofthewholeworldbeyondthe(9)limitationsoftimeorspace.Andbyreading,readersgetto(10)knowexoticculturesandtraditions,enjoynumerousanecdotes,andeven(11)experiencethelegendarylifeoftheiridols.Inthisregard,reading(12)enablespeopletounderstandtheworldfromanewperspective.Reading motivates personal development.Merely(13)sustaininglifeisavegetablestate. Thoroughly(14)living life requirescontinuousexplorationofmankinditself.Andreadingenhancespeople ’scapacitytojudgethemselvesinamoralandrational way,and then correct their (15)misunderstanding of the concept ofthemselves.Readingdevelopspotential. Booksarethelegaciesthatgreatgeniusesleaveto(16)mankind.Andreadingprovidesreaderswithtotheirgreatminds.Thebeautyofreadingisjustlikethesunshine,illuminating(18)everything.Byreadingandgettingaccesstogreat (19) minds, readers tend to beencouraged and enlightened, (20) whichnaturallymakeslifemoremeaningful.IV.Translation1.TranslatingSentencesTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsorphrasesgiveninbrackets.1). 她欣然接受了那筆錢(qián)。(withalacrity)Sheacceptedthemoneywithalacrity.with alacrity: quickly and withenthusiasme.g.Sheacceptedwithalacrity.2).但是他并未能從勝利中獲得滿足，因?yàn)樗l(fā)現(xiàn)有個(gè)無(wú)辜的男孩在戰(zhàn)斗中被殺死了。(extract)However,hecouldextractnosatisfactionfromthevictory,becausehefoundthataninnocentboyhadbeenkilledinthebattle.extractvt.togetsomethingfromsomeoneorfromdoingsomething3). 關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)，專(zhuān)家們的意見(jiàn)并不一致。(unanimous)Theexpertsarenotunanimousonthispoint.unanimousadj.aunanimousdecision,vote,agreementetcisonethateveryoneagreeswithandsupportse.g.Theboardmadeaunanimousdecisiontorejecttherecommendations.aunanimousvoteofconfidence4).人們說(shuō)受良好教育的人在作重要決定時(shí)往往會(huì)猶豫再三。(aptto)Theysaythat well-educated peopleareapttohesitate toomuchbefore theymakeimportantdecisions.beapttodosomething: tohaveatendencytodosomethinge.g.They are apt to becomea littlecareless if youdon't watchthemcarefully.Thecarswereoldandapttobreakdown.5).盡管他已經(jīng)晉升為總經(jīng)理，但是他的權(quán)力欲望依然沒(méi)有得到滿足。(assuage)Despitehispromotiontogeneralmanager,hisdesireforpowerwasnotassuaged.assuage vt. to makean unpleasant orpainfulfeelinglesssevere6). 只是又一首關(guān)于單戀痛苦的詩(shī)。(unrequited)It’sjustanotherpoemonthepainofunrequitedlove.unrequitedadj.ifyourloveforsomeoneisunrequited,theydonotloveyoueventhoughyoulovethem7).這部小說(shuō)不完全是按年月順序?qū)懙摹?chronological)Thenovelisnotentirelywritteninachronologicalorder.chronologicaladj.ifyourloveforsomeoneisunrequited,theydonotloveyoueventhoughyoulovethem8). 要充分欣賞這部電影，你就必須再看一遍。(dojusticeto)Youmustwatchthemovieagaintodoitjustice.dojusticeto:toshoworemphasizeallthegoodqualitiesofsomeoneorsomething9). 那場(chǎng)悲劇三年之后，她才開(kāi)始恢復(fù)平