離婚家庭中未成年子女監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)問題探究,法學(xué)碩士論文

PAGEPAGE8離婚家庭中未成年子女監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)問題探究,法學(xué)碩士論文本篇論文目錄導(dǎo)航：【第1部分】離婚家庭中未成年子女監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)問題探究【第2部分】【第3部分】【第4部分】【第5部分】?jī)?nèi)容內(nèi)容內(nèi)容內(nèi)容摘要本文以離婚父母對(duì)未成年子女的監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)問題為研究對(duì)象，以司法實(shí)務(wù)中存在的詳細(xì)問題為導(dǎo)向，從父母監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)的基礎(chǔ)理論出發(fā)，以國外離婚父母監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)的行使形式為借鑒，理論聯(lián)絡(luò)實(shí)際，詳細(xì)分析了我們國家立法對(duì)離婚父母監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)行使規(guī)定的缺乏和法律未作規(guī)定的詳細(xì)問題，從立法論和解釋論的立場(chǎng)為完善我們國家離婚父母對(duì)未成年子女的監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)的行使、保衛(wèi)子女健康成長的環(huán)境提出意見和建議。文章第一部分闡述了未成年人監(jiān)護(hù)的基礎(chǔ)理論。筆者通過厘清監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)的概念和未成年子女監(jiān)護(hù)的類型，并對(duì)相關(guān)類似概念進(jìn)行了區(qū)別，指出了父母對(duì)未成年子女的監(jiān)護(hù)與成年人的監(jiān)護(hù)、親權(quán)以及撫養(yǎng)權(quán)是不同的，明確了本文討論的范圍限于監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)。同時(shí)指出我們國家當(dāng)下立法將監(jiān)護(hù)與親權(quán)未加區(qū)分、以及立法上撫養(yǎng)、監(jiān)護(hù)用詞模糊的做法存在缺陷。文章第二部分介紹了世界各國離婚后父母監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)行使的三種形式，即父母共同監(jiān)護(hù)形式、單方監(jiān)護(hù)形式、單方監(jiān)護(hù)和共同監(jiān)護(hù)并舉形式。并對(duì)其代表國家的立法情況進(jìn)行了介紹。經(jīng)比擬得出，共同監(jiān)護(hù)形式和單方監(jiān)護(hù)形式均具有不可克制的缺點(diǎn)，不能具體表現(xiàn)出子女最佳利益原則。而采取并舉形式則能夠揚(yáng)長避短，發(fā)揮兩種形式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，更好地維護(hù)子女的利益。接著，對(duì)我們國家現(xiàn)行立法和司法實(shí)務(wù)中關(guān)于離婚后父母對(duì)子女行使監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)問題的規(guī)定和處理進(jìn)行了分析，得出我們國家采取的父母共同行使監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)立法形式存在缺陷，指出確定良好的監(jiān)護(hù)形式是解決一切問題的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。由此借鑒外國立法，將子女最佳利益原則確立為我們國家監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)歸屬的最高原則，建議我們國家從立法上采用共同行使和單獨(dú)行使并舉的監(jiān)護(hù)形式，區(qū)分個(gè)案加以確定。文章第三部分具體闡述了未成年子女監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容與行使，分析了離婚父母對(duì)未成年子女監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)行使的三個(gè)詳細(xì)問題。在實(shí)踐中，子女重大問題決定權(quán)、子女侵權(quán)后監(jiān)護(hù)人責(zé)任承當(dāng)、離婚繼父母與未成年繼子女的監(jiān)護(hù)關(guān)系等問題在我們國家立法中未得到具體規(guī)定或沒有引起足夠重視，造成司法實(shí)務(wù)的混亂。因而提出完善監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)行使的法律制度，以立法方式進(jìn)一步規(guī)定事關(guān)子女親身利益的重大決定權(quán)應(yīng)由父母雙方協(xié)商決定，提出協(xié)商不一致時(shí)的處理方式，細(xì)化子女侵權(quán)后離婚父母雙方責(zé)任承當(dāng)問題，規(guī)定離婚繼父母與子女的監(jiān)護(hù)關(guān)系應(yīng)首先征求繼父母的意愿并考察其與繼子女的關(guān)系進(jìn)行確定。除此之外，我們國家立法規(guī)定離婚后對(duì)子女享有探望權(quán)的一方僅為父母，筆者以為這一探望權(quán)主體的規(guī)定過于狹窄，不利于子女的健康成長，應(yīng)該予以擴(kuò)大，將探望權(quán)的主體擴(kuò)大到子女的的祖父母、外祖父母。[本文本文本文本文關(guān)鍵詞語語語語]:監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)離婚父母子女最佳利益原則監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)行使形式AbstractInthispaper,theresearchobjectfocusesonthecustodyproblemsofthedivorcedparentsminorchildren.Itisorientedintheexistingproblemsinthejudicialpractice,startingfromthebasictheoryofparentalcustody,toconducttheirforeignparentsdivorcedcustodymodeforreference,linkingtheorywithpractice,concreteanalysisofconcreteproblemsofourlegislativeprovisionsforexercisedivorcedparentscustodyoftheinsufficiencyandthelawdoesnotmakeprovisions,accordingtothetheoryoflegislationandinterpretationforperfectingourcountrysparentsdivorcedtheguardianshipofminorchildrenoftheexerciseoftherighttoprotectthehealthygrowthofchildren,theenvironment,putforwardopinionsandsuggestions.Thefirstpartexpoundsthebasictheoryofguardianshipofminors.Theauthortriestoclarifytheconceptofguardianshipofminorsandthetypeofchildcustody,andtellthedifferenceofsimilarconcepts,thereforepointsoutthattheparentscareforminorcustody,adultsandchildrensparentalrightsandcustodyisdifferent,aclearscopeislimitedtothemonitoringpowerisdiscussedinthispaper.Inthispaper,therearedefectsexistinginChinascurrentlegislation,guardianshipandpaternitywithoutdistinction,andcustody,guardianshiplegislationpracticeoffuzzywordswith.Thesecondpartofthearticleintroducesthreekindsofmodelsintheworldafterthedivorceparentalexerciseoftherightofparents,namelyjointcustody〔JointCustody〕mode,unilateralmonitoring〔SoleCustody〕nursingmode,unilateralcustodyandjointcustodysimultaneouslymode.Andlegislationsituationabouttheirnationalrepresentativesareintroduced.Aftercompared,jointcustodymodeandsinglemodeofcustodyhasinsurmountableshortcomings,cannotreflecttheprincipleofthebestinterestsofthechild.Takensimultaneouslymodecanavoidweaknesses,playtotheadvantagesoftwokindsofmode,bettersafeguardtheinterestsofthechildren.Then,theprovisionsconcerningthedivorceofparentsonchildrenscustodyproblemsofChinascurrentlegislationandjudicialpracticeandprocessinghascarriedontheanalysis,obtainsourcountrytakeparentsjointcustodymodeoflegislationdefects,pointsoutthatthedeterminationofmonitoringmodelisagoodstartingpointandkeypointstosolveallproblems.Thereferencetoforeignlegislation,theprincipleofthebestinterestsofthechildwillbeestablishedasthehighestprincipleinourcustody,suggestionsinChinafromlegislationtoadoptcommonexerciseandexercisealonecaremode,todistinguishthecasetobedetermined.Thethirdpartofthispaperexpoundsindetailthecontentsofminorchildrenguardianshipandexercise,analyzesthreespecificproblemsofminorchildrenguardianshipofexercisingtherightsofdivorcedparents.Inpractice,themajorproblemsofchildren,childrentherighttodecideinfringementGuardianresponsibility,divorcedparentsandminorstepchildoftheguardianshiprelationsandotherissuesinthelegislationofourcountryhasnotbeendetailedprovisionsornotcausedenoughattention,resultinginconfusioninthejudicialpractice.Thereforethelegalsystemperfecttheguardianshipofexercisingtherights,bywayoflegislationstipulatesfurthermajordecisionsconcerningthevitalinterestsofchildrensrightsshouldbebothparentsdecidedinconsultation,providesaprocessingmethodofnegotiationisnotconsistent,refinethechildrenafterthedivorceparentsinfringementresponsibilityproblem,stipulatesdivorcedaftermonitoringtherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildrenshallfirstseekaftertheirparentswillingnessandinvestigateitsandstepchildrenrelationsaredetermined.Inaddition,Chinaslegislativeprovisionsafterthedivorceonchildrenenjoytherighttovisitthepartyonlyfortheparents,theauthorthinksthattheprovisionsofthevisitationrightsubjectistoonarrowandnotconducivetothehealthygrowthofchildren,shouldbeexpanded,thebodywillexpandtotherighttovisitthechildrensgrandparents,grandparents.Keywords:Custody;Divorcedparents;Theprincipleofthebestinterestsofthechild;Custodymode目錄引言1第一章未成年子女監(jiān)護(hù)的基礎(chǔ)理論2第一節(jié)未成年子女監(jiān)護(hù)的概念與類型2一、未成年子女監(jiān)護(hù)的概念2二、未成年子女監(jiān)護(hù)的類型3第二節(jié)未成年子女監(jiān)護(hù)與相關(guān)概念的比擬5一、未成年人監(jiān)護(hù)和成年人監(jiān)護(hù)的比擬5二、未成年子女監(jiān)護(hù)與扶養(yǎng)的比擬6三、未成年子女監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)與親權(quán)的比擬7第二章離婚父母對(duì)未成年子女監(jiān)護(hù)的立法形式問題9第一節(jié)離婚父母對(duì)未成年子女監(jiān)護(hù)的三種立法形式9一、離婚父母對(duì)未成年子女監(jiān)護(hù)的三種立法形式9二、離婚父母對(duì)未成年子女監(jiān)護(hù)形式的利弊分析11第二節(jié)我們國家離婚父母對(duì)未成年子女監(jiān)護(hù)的立法形式分析13一、我們國家離婚父母對(duì)未成年子女監(jiān)護(hù)的立法形式13二、我們國家離婚父母對(duì)未成年子女監(jiān)護(hù)形式的