中考英語(yǔ)任務(wù)型閱讀理解技巧點(diǎn)撥

任務(wù)型閱讀理解技巧點(diǎn)撥

任務(wù)型閱讀是閱讀理解題的一種衍生題型，考生既要通過(guò)閱讀對(duì)所給文章的細(xì)節(jié)利主旨理解清楚，也

要用文字表達(dá)出對(duì)文章的理解，是一種由閱讀理解向書面表達(dá)過(guò)渡的題型，因此它屬于讀寫結(jié)合題。

任務(wù)型閱讀的題目設(shè)置多樣化，有填圖表、回答問(wèn)題、完成總結(jié)、填空、翻譯等，考查多種能力，但側(cè)重

考查的是語(yǔ)篇分析應(yīng)用能力，即把從閱讀中獲得的信息應(yīng)用在回答題目中。在實(shí)際解題中，可以采取“四

讀”的方法：讀題目、讀大意、讀細(xì)節(jié)、讀答案。

一、讀題目

認(rèn)真仔細(xì)閱讀題目，區(qū)分答題重點(diǎn)是主旨大意還是細(xì)節(jié)信息，再根據(jù)題目要求有目的地進(jìn)行下一步的

文本閱讀，對(duì)題目類型和特點(diǎn)的關(guān)注也將出現(xiàn)在第四步的讀答案中。

二、讀大意

主要運(yùn)用快速閱讀（skimming）的能力，掃視文章大意，了解文章的基本信息及文體類型，弄清楚是記

敘文、議論文還是說(shuō)明文以及作者的寫作目的與態(tài)度等，為下一步完成任務(wù)作鋪墊。

三、讀細(xì)節(jié)

根據(jù)題目尋找關(guān)鍵詞，如動(dòng)詞或名詞，并以這些關(guān)鍵詞為線索，到原文中去尋找相關(guān)的句子和原始信

息。試題結(jié)構(gòu)與文本順序大體一致，理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)更便于搜索細(xì)節(jié)信息。

四、讀答案

依據(jù)查詢到的原文相關(guān)信息，仔細(xì)對(duì)照題目進(jìn)行比對(duì)，落實(shí)目標(biāo)答案，再檢查答案的語(yǔ)法形式是否準(zhǔn)

確，如時(shí)態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、冠詞等，確保答案準(zhǔn)確。

典型例題解析（2014江蘇南京）

MaymeClaytoncollectedbooks,magazinesandletterswrittenbyAfricanAmericans.Herson,

AveryClayton,thoughthercollectionwasimportant.Unlikemostbooks,thesewererareandhard

tofind.TheywerewrittenbywriterswhohelpedshapeAfricanAmericanculture.

OnebookinthecollectionwaswrittenbyPhillisWheatley.Wheatleywasaslavewhowrote

poetry.ShewasthefirstAfricanAmericantopublish（出版）abook.Wheatleyherselfsigned

（簽名）thebookintheClaytonsJcollection.NooneelseownsacopysignedbyPhillisWheatley.

Bythetimeshepassedawayatage83,MrsClaytonhadmorethan30,000booksbyorabout

blackpeople.Hercollectionalsoincludespapersaboutslaves,photographs,movies,sheetmusic,

andpersonallettersbyblackleadersandartists.Itisoneofthebiggestpersonalcollections

ofAfricanAmericanhistoryandcultureintheUnitedStates.

AveryClayton,sdreamwastocreateamuseumforhismother?streasures.Scholarssaythat

MrsClayton'scollectionisveryimportant.Withoutherwork,partofAfricanAmericanheritage

（遺產(chǎn)）wouldhavebeenlost."Wedidn'tknowthesethingsexisted,”saysSaraHadronof

California'sHuntingtonLibrary.

Thecollection,snewhomeislikelytobeinCulverCity,California.PartofAveryClaytonJs

dreamistosharetheculturalricheshismothercollectedwithothers.Heespeciallywantskids

tohaveachancetoseethecollection."AtpresentAfricanAmericancultureisbeingexplained

bypopculture,“hesays.

"It'simportanttoofferamorecompletepicture.”

根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容，在每個(gè)橫線上填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

MaymeClaytonandHerCollection

,Sheliked1._________________books,magazinesandletters

A.PersonalinformationwrittenbyAfricanAmericans.

?She2._________________whenshewas83yearsold.

?Comparedwithotherbooks,thebooksshecollectedcouldn,tbe

found3._____________.

,Theonlycopywrittenand4.__________byPhillisWheatley

wasinhercollection.

B.Hercollection

,Shehadalargecollection,5.__________books,paper,

photographsandotherthingsbyblackleadersandartists.

?Hercollectionisofgreat6.___________toAfricanAmerican

historyandculture.

,A8.___________forthetreasurewouldbecreated.

C.Her7._______dream,Hehopesto9.___________theculturalrichescollectedbyhis

motherwithmorepeople,especially10._____________.

【解題指導(dǎo)】

表格類型題目的明顯特點(diǎn)是表格內(nèi)容一般都能展示出文章的架構(gòu)，所以做此類題時(shí)，對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)要

有清醒的認(rèn)識(shí)，同時(shí)也可以從表格的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。答題技巧大致分為兩類：一類為從原文直接

找到原句，如第1題可在原文中找到類似句："MaymeClaytoncollectedbooks,magazinesandletters

writtenbyAfricanAmericans.w可知本空填collect,但是在表示喜好的句子Sheliked____中動(dòng)詞

應(yīng)使用doing或todo的形式，對(duì)于長(zhǎng)期的喜好應(yīng)該使用doing,因此本空應(yīng)填collecting。第二類為題

目是對(duì)原文中信息的轉(zhuǎn)述或語(yǔ)言再現(xiàn):如第3題Comparedwithotherbooks,thebooksshecollected

couldn,tbefound3..是對(duì)文中句子“Unlikemostbooks,thesewererareandhardtofind.”

的另?種說(shuō)法，rareandhard就是noteasy的意思，再根據(jù)句子表達(dá)需要使用副詞，所以本空填easily。

典型例題解析（2014江蘇淮安）

Nowthereisafamilyproblem.Nearlyeveryparentsaysthatwenevergrowup.Infactwe

areprobably16or17yearsold.Intheireyes,wearealwayslittleonesandoftendowrong

things.Forexample,whenIneedtostayathomealone,theyalwaysworryaboutmeandmylife

withoutthem.

Mostparentsalwaysthinkthattheyhaveofferedthebestthingstheycantomaketheir

childrenliveinacomfortableworld.Theybuytheirchildrenprettyclothes,coolshoes,

everythingthattheycanfortheirdearchildren.Inreturn,theyonlywanttheirchildrento

getgoodresultsintheexams.

Butwhystillcan,ttheirchildrenunderstandthem?Doesitmeanthatwestillwantmore

materialthings?No.Asamatteroffact,whatwewantisatruefamily.Whatdoesatruefamily

mean?Ithinkitmeansaplacewherewecanhideourselvesfromthecoldworldoutside.From

here,wecangetwarmth,wecangetconsolation（安慰），andwecangethappiness.Andoneimportant

2

thingisthatweshouldbestrongerandmoreconfidentintheoutsideworldbecauseweknowthat

wehaveatruefamily.

SoIthinkthatparentsshouldsitdowntotalkwiththeirchildrentoletknowthatthey

haveatruefamily,sothechildrenandtheirparentscouldunderstandeachothermoreandmore.

Then,parentswillnottreattheirchildrenaslittleones.

1.Intheeyesofmostparents,childrenneverandseldomdo.

2.Mostparentsalwaysthinktheythebestthingsfortheirchildrentolivein

theworld.

3.Childrenstilltheirparentsbecausewhatchildrenneedmostisnotmaterial

thingsbut.

4.Mostparentswanttheirchildrentogetintheexamswhiletheirchildrenwant

toget________.

5.Thewaytobetweenparentsandchildrenisthattheyshouldhavemore

communicationwitheachother.Then,nochildrenwillaslittleones.

【解題指導(dǎo)】

此類型題的設(shè)置順序通常遵循文章的順序。題目的句子源于文章但并不相同，需要填空的詞并非直接

從文章摘錄，而是通過(guò)理解做出對(duì)應(yīng)題目要求的答案，比如第1題中的seldomdo—就是文章中使用的

oftendowrongthings的對(duì)立面，所以作答時(shí)就不能直接摘抄dowrongthings,而是這一結(jié)構(gòu)的同意

轉(zhuǎn)換，所以填seldomdorightthingso有些還需要根據(jù)詞匯的使用規(guī)則進(jìn)行選擇，以滿足語(yǔ)法的需要，

比如第2題，雖然文中使用的是offer,但是題目中使用的是—sthforsb結(jié)構(gòu)，所以填provide。

任務(wù)型閱讀理解模擬訓(xùn)練

Passage1

Brb（berightback）,gr8（great）,cya（seeyou）-it'saloteasiertouseabbreviations

（縮寫）whenwetext,isn,tit?TheaverageAmericanteensends60textmessagesaday,andyou

canimaginehoweasyitcanbe.Butwhilewemightthinknothingofit,theresanongoing

discussionthattextmessagingcanhaveabadeffect（影響）onpeoplesgrammar.Manybelieve

theabbreviationsaregivingstudentsbadhabitswhenitcomestospellingandpunctuation（標(biāo)

點(diǎn)）.

Someteacherssaythattextingandsocialnetworkingcausestudentstobelazywhenwriting

correctly.TherewasastudyinAugustintheNewMedia&Societyjournal.Itshowedthatyoung

adultswhooftenusetextspeakfinditratherdifficulttoturnbacktocorrectgrammarwhen

needed.

Butanotherviewisthattextmessaginghasnoeffectatall.Manypeopleconsideritto

bealanguageofitsown.Itcouldbecomparedtostudentslearningaforeignlanguage.This

doesn,thaveaneffectontheirnativelanguage.

Whetherit'sbadornot,itseemsthattextlanguageisbecomingverypopular.ThePew

InternetandAmericanLifeProjectdidastudynamedWriting,TechnologyandTeensin2012.

Accordingtothisstudy,64percentofteenssaidtheyusedinformal（非正式的）utextlanguage”

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whentheyweredoingtheirwritinghomework.

Butit'snotjustamatteroflanguage.Studentswhotextalotduringclassmayhave

difficultypayingattention.ScientistsattheUniversityofPittsburgh,US,didanotherstudy.

Studentswereaskedtocompleteaquestionnaireonhowmanytextstheysentandreceivedduring

class.Onaverage,studentssentmorethantwotextmessagesduringlectureslasting50to75

minutes.Theresearchshowedthatstudentswhooftentextduringclasscan'teasilykeeptheir

attentiononthelesson.Andthishasaneffectontheirlearning.

Using1.________whentexting

?Abbreviationsarebadforstudents'2._________andpunctuation

use.

?Studentsbecome3.becauseoftextingandsocial

networking.

A.People,sopinions

?Young4.findithardtoreturntocorrectgrammaronce

theyhavegotusedtoabbreviating.

?Itisconsideredtobea5..

?Ithasnoeffectontheir6.________language.

?8.________percentofteenssaidtheyusedtextlanguagein

homework.

?Onaverage,studentssentmorethan9.textmessages

B.7.ontexting

duringlecturesthatlastaroundanhour.

?Itis10.forthosewhotextalottopayattentionin

class.

Passage2

Canyouimaginewhatitwouldbeliketoliveandstudyinanancientcastle（城堡）？I'm

talkingaboutBritishboarding（寄宿）schools,wheresomechildrenactuallylivelikeHarryPotter

（althoughsadlywithoutthemagic）.

BoardingschoolsinBritainarenotcheap.Theaveragecostis￡25,152（254,011yuan）for

justoneyear.Theschoolsareusuallyveryoldandrichinhistory.Theyplayedabigrolein

Britishhistory,andhavecloseconnections（聯(lián)系）toOxfordandCambridgeuniversities.Students

areusuallyverywealthy（有錢）;PrinceWilliamandHarrybothwenttoEton,aschoolwhichhas

produced19Britishprimeministers（首相）.

Oneofthemostimportantthingsfortheseschoolsissport.Cricket（板球），rugby（英式

橄欖球）androwing（賽艇運(yùn)動(dòng)）areplayednearlyeveryday.Thesegamesbuildteamworkand

discipline（紀(jì)律）.

ThereisafamoussayinginEnglish:"TheBritishEmpire（帝國(guó)）wasbuiltontheplaying

fieldsofEton.”

BoardingschoolsoftenappearinEnglishbooksandfilms.Theyoungchildwithoutparents

growingupinaboardingschoolisfoundinhundredsofstories,althoughthemostfamousnow

isHarryPotter.Boardingschoolsarebecominglesstraditional,though,andmoreinternational.

4

Nearly9,000foreignkidsjoinedaBritishboardingschoollastyear,andathirdofthesecame

fromChina.

1.AreboardingschoolsexpensiveinBritain?

2.WhatistheschoolEtonfamousfor?

3.Whatcanstudentslearnfromthosedailysports?

4.HowmanyChinesestudentswenttoBritishboardingschoolslastyear?

5.Whatisthestorymainlyabout?

Passage3

Humanstodaylookverydifferenttohowtheywerehundredsofthousandsofyearsago.Human

evolution（進(jìn)化）haschangedourbodiesinmanyways.Butthere'saquestionthatstillbothers

thescientists.Willhumanskeepevolvingorhavewereachedtheendoftheline?

ThescientificnameforhumansisHomosapiens（智人）?SincemodernHomosapiensappeared

around50,000yearsago,therehavebeenfewphysicalchangesinourevolution.Oneargument

isthattechnologyandmedicinehavesloweddownevolution.Becausewearesmartenoughtobuild

thingsthatsolveproblems,wedon'tneedourbodiestoadapt.

Butmanyothersdisagree,andthereisalotofevidencethatwehavecontinuedtochange

overtime.Forexample,ourbrainshavebecomealittlebitsmalleroverthelast30,000years.

Scientistssaythisisnotbecausewearebecomingmorestupidbutbecauseourbrainshavebecome

moreeffective.

Butevolutionisn,tjustaboutobviouschanges.It'salsoaboutsmallgenetic（基因的）

changeshappeninginsideofus.Themovementofpeoplearoundtheworldhascausedhumansto

adaptevenfaster.Ithasbecomeeasierfordiseasestospreadandthehumanbodyhastoact

morequicklytoprotectitself.

Butit'simpossibletotellwhatmighthappennext.Manybelieveitisfoolishtotryand

predict（預(yù)知）thefutureofhumanevolution.Forexample,anextremechangeintemperature,

liketheIceAge（冰河時(shí)代），couldmeanhumanshavetosuddenlyevolvemorequicklytoadapt.

Otherwise,itcouldbethousandsofyearsbeforeweseeanybigphysicalchangeshappen.

1.WhendidmodernHomosapiensstarttoliveonEarth?

ModernHomosapienscameintobeing.

2.Whydosomepeoplethinktechnologyandmedicinehavesloweddownevolution?

Becausetheythinktechnologyandmedicinecanhelpuseasilyandour

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bodiesdon'tneedtoadapt.

3.Whatdoscientiststhinkofourbrains'beingsmallerthan30,000yearsago?

Theythinkourbrainshavebecome.

4.Whatproblemshaspeople1smovementaroundtheworldbrought?

Ithasmadetospreadeasily.

5.WhathappenedduringtheIceAge?

Therewasan.

Passage4

Dinnerisn,tcompletewithoutfood,sbestfriend:adrink.Theworld*smostfamousdrinks

areamixofhistoryandculture,andusuallyshowupinthebiggestfestivals.So,let'sturn

ourtastebuds（味蕾）tothebestdrinkstheworldhastooffer.

What'stheglobaldrinkforvictory（勝利）？It'schampagne（香檳），atypeofwine.Itwas

firstmadeinaplaceinFrancecalledChampagne.Inthepast,onlyrichpeoplecouldafford

it.Butnow,champagneisusedatanybigeventorfestival.Interestingly,thewinnerofasporting

eventissprayed（噴灑）withchampagne,butdoesn,tdrinkit.

Ifchampagneisforexcitingmoments,thenteaisformorerelaxedsituations.Manycultures

enjoyasipofhotteaintheirwarmhomesduringwinter.WhileteacomesfromChina,theBritish

lovetodrinkit,too.ItisBritain,sfavoritedrinkandpartofeverydaylifeformany.According

totheUKTeaCouncil,165millioncupsofteaaredrunkeverysingledayintheUK.

Besideswater,beerisoneoftheoldestdrinksthathumanshaveenjoyed.Itcomesinmany

flavors（風(fēng)味）aroundtheworld.Oneoftheworld'sbiggestfestivalsisa16-daycelebration

ofbeer:theOktoberfestinMunich,Germany.Around6millionpeoplefromaroundtheworldgather

theretodrinktraditionalbeereachyear.

Butremember:drinkingalcohol（酒精）canbebadforyoungbrains.Mostcountries,including

China,don,tallowpeopletodrinkalcoholiftheyareyoungerthan18.

1.Drinksareusuallyregardedasamixof,andtheyplayanimportantrolein

2.Champagne,atypeof