2022年考研英語沖刺閱讀理解專項訓練080

2022年考研英語沖刺閱讀理解專項訓練080Thehighunemploymentratesforlabourandcapitalareinitiallytracedtopoliciesrestrictingaggregatedemandthatwerepursuedbymonetaryandfiscalauthoritiesfromthefirsthalfofthel970s．Thispolicyresponsewaswidelyinterpretedbyeconomistsasaneffortbytheauthoritiestoreduceinflationratesthathadbeguntoaccelerateinthelatterl960s．Thecontinueduseofrestrictivepoliciesisthenrelatedtofearonthepartoftheauthoritiesthatanyattempttorestimulatetheireconomieswouldmerelybringbackinflation．examda.examda.examda.

Tighterlabourmarketsresultingfromanysuchstimulativepoliciesareseentoincreasethebargainingpoweroflabour。therebyleadingtolargerwagedemandsandsettlementsthatinturnfeedintoprices，causingpriceinflationtoaccelerate．①Thisleadstoyethigherwagedemandsinordertoprotectrealwagesandthusanexplosivewage-pricespiral．Inaddition，morestimulativeaggregatedemandpoliciesareperceivedtoresultinbalanceofpaymentsdifficultiesatexistingexchangerates．Butanyattempttoavoidlargerpaymentsdeficitsbyreducingtheexchangerateleadstothe“importation”ofinflationthroughhigherpricesofimportedgoods．Theresultofsuchconsiderationsisreluctanceoftheauthoritiestoattempttocreatefullemploymentthroughstimulativepolicies．

Whatemergesfromthesetheoriesisachainofcausationthatdescribesthewayinwhich．intheperiodsinceWorldWarIl，inflationandgrowthhavebecomecausallyconnectedthroughtheresponsesofgovernmentstoactualandanticipatedinflationarypressures．Inflationandthefearofinflationleadtoslowgrowthandhighunemploymentbecausetheinabilityofgovernmentstobringinflationundercontrolatfullemploymentbyothermeans--e．g．，anincomepolicy--constrainsgovernmentstOimplementrestrictivepoliciestocombatorforestallinflationarypressures．oSuchresponseslead，astheydidintheearlyl970s，notonlytohighratesofunemploymentofcapitalandlabourbutalsotolowratesofinvestmentandproductivitygrowth．Stagnationistheresult，andsuchascenarioisalikelyprospectforcapitalisminthefuture．[425words]

1．Manyeconomistsbelievedthat______．

A．theeconomicslackwasbeyondexplanation

B．thestagnationsincetheearlyl970swasnormal

C．thelongperiodofstagnationcouldbeaccountedfor

D．thestagnationwasnothingmorethanacommontheme

2．Monetaryandfiscalauthorities______.

A．fearedthatmorestimulativeaggregatedemandpolicieswouldleadtoinflation

B．generallypursuemorestimulativeaggregatedemandpolicies

C．thoughtthatmorestimulativeaggregatedemandpolicieswouldreduceinflationratesexamda.examda.examda.

D．wereusuallyreluctanttoresorttorestrictivepolicies

3．Accordingtothispassage,______．

A．demandandsupplyusuallygrowatsimilarrates

B．governmentsneveruserestrictivepoliciestoforestallinflation

C．governmentstendtouserestrictivepoliciestoguardagainstinflation

D．sloweconomicgrowthandhighunemploymentratesmayleadtoinflation

4．Itseemedthat______．

A．therestrictivepolicieshavemoreadvantagesthanstimulativeones

B．thestimulativepoliciesusuallyleadtotightermarket

C．therestrictivepoliciestendtoresultininflation

D．thestimulativepoliciesarelikelytocauseinfl