巖土工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)單詞表

專業(yè)外語(yǔ)一。綜合類geotechnicalengineering巖土工程foundationengineering基礎(chǔ)工程soil，earth土soilmechanics土力學(xué)cyclicloading周期荷載unloading卸載Jreloading再加載viscoelasticfound粘彈性地基viscousdamping粘滯阻尼shearmodulus剪切模量soildynamics土動(dòng)力學(xué)stresspath應(yīng)力路徑二．土的分類residualsoil殘積土groundwaterlevel地下水位groundwater地下水Ygroundwatertable地下水位clayminerals粘土礦物secondaryminerals次生礦物landslides滑坡boreholecolumnarsection鉆孔柱狀圖engineeringgeologicinvestigation工程地質(zhì)勘察boulder漂石cobble卵石gravel砂石gravellysand礫砂coarsesand粗砂mediumsand中砂finesand細(xì)砂siltysand粉土clayeysoil粘性土clay粘土siltyclay粉質(zhì)粘土silt粉土sandysilt砂質(zhì)粉土clayeysilt粘質(zhì)粉土saturatedsoil飽和土unsaturatedsoil非飽和土fill（soil）填土三．土的基本物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)

ccCompressionindexcuundrainedshearstrengthcu/p0ratioofundrainedstrengthcutoeffectiveoverburdenstressp0(cu/p0)NC，(cu/p0)ocsubscriptsNCandOCdesignatednormallyconsolidatedand四．滲透性和滲流四．滲透性和滲流overconsolidated，respectively4.cvanecohesivestrengthfromvanetest5.e0naturalvoidratio6.Ipplasticityindex7.K0coefficientof“at-rest"pressure,fortotalstresses°1and°28.K0'domainforeffectivestresses°1'and°2'9.K0nK0fornormallyconsolidatedstate10.K0uK0coefficientunderrapidcontinuousloading,simulatinginstantaneousloadingoranundrainedcondition11.K0dK0coefficientundercyclicloading(frequencylessthan1Hz)，asapseudo-dynamictestforK0coefficient12.kkh,vpermeabilityinhorizontalandverticaldirections，respectively13.Nblowcount，standardpenetrationtest14.OCRover—consolidationratio15.pcpreconsolidationpressure，fromoedemetertest16.p0effectiveoverburdenpressure17.pssspecificconepenetrationresistance，fromstaticconetest18.quuunconfinedcompressivestrength19.U,Ummspecimendegreeofconsolidation，subscriptmdenotesmeanvalueofa20.u,u，ubmporepressure,subscriptsbandmdenotebottomofspecimenandmeanvalue，respectively21.www0Lpnaturalwatercontent，liquidandplasticlimits,respectively22.0012principalstresses，01‘a(chǎn)nd02'denoteeffectiveprincipalstresses1.Darcy'slaw達(dá)西定律2.piping管涌3.flowingsoil流土4.sandboiling砂沸5.flownet流網(wǎng)6.seepage滲透（流）7.leakage滲流seepage(force)pressure滲透壓力permeability滲透性hydraulicgradient水力梯度coefficientofpermeability滲透系數(shù)五．地基應(yīng)力和變形五．softsoil軟土（negative）skinfrictionofdrivenpile打入樁（負(fù)）摩阻力effectivestress有效應(yīng)力totalstress總應(yīng)力fieldvaneshearstrength十字板抗剪強(qiáng)度lowactivity低活性sensitivity靈敏度triaxialtest三軸試驗(yàn)foundationdesign基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)recompaction再壓縮bearingcapacity承載力soilmass土體contactpressure接觸應(yīng)力concentratedload集中荷載asemi-infiniteelasticsolid半無(wú)限彈性體homogeneous均質(zhì)isotropic各向同性stripfooting條基squarespreadfooting方形獨(dú)立基礎(chǔ)underlyingsoil（stratum,strata）下臥層（土）deadload=sustainedload恒載持續(xù)荷載liveload活載short-termtransientload短期瞬時(shí)荷載long—termtransientload長(zhǎng)期荷載reducedload折算荷載settlement沉降deformation變形casing套管dike=dyke堤（防）clayfraction粘粒粒組physicalproperties物理性質(zhì)subgrade路基well-gradedsoil級(jí)配良好土poorly—gradedsoil級(jí)配不良土sieve篩子Mohr-Coulombfailurecondition摩爾-庫(kù)侖破壞條件FEM=finiteelementmethod有限元法limitequilibriummethod極限平衡法porewaterpressure孔隙水壓力preconsolidationpressure先期固結(jié)壓力modulusofcompressibility壓縮模量coefficentofcompressibility壓縮系數(shù)compressionindex壓縮指數(shù)swellingindex回彈指數(shù)geostaticstress自重應(yīng)力additionalstress附加應(yīng)力totalstress總應(yīng)力

finalsettlement最終沉降slipline滑動(dòng)線六．基坑開挖與降水excavation開挖（挖方）dewatering（基坑）降水failureoffoundation基坑失穩(wěn)bracingoffoundationpit基坑圍護(hù)bottomheave=basalheave（基坑）底隆起retainingwall擋土墻pore—pressuredistribution孔壓分布dewateringmethod降低地下水位法wellpointsystem井點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)（輕型）deepwellpoint深井點(diǎn)vacuumwellpoint真空井點(diǎn)bracedcuts支撐圍護(hù)bracedexcavation支撐開挖bracedsheeting支撐擋板七．深基礎(chǔ)七．deepfoundationpilefoundation樁基礎(chǔ)1）cast-in-place灌注樁（divingcastingcast—in一placepile沉管灌注樁boredpile鉆孔樁special-shapedcast-in一placepile機(jī)控異型灌注樁pilessetintorock嵌巖灌注樁rammedbulbpile夯擴(kuò)樁2）belledpierfoundation鉆孔墩基礎(chǔ)ydrilled-pierfoundation鉆孔擴(kuò)底墩-under-reamedboredpier3）precastconcretepile預(yù)制混凝土樁4）steelpile鋼樁{steelpipepile鋼管樁steelsheetpile鋼板樁5）prestressedconcretepile預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土樁prestressedconcretepipepile預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土管樁caissonfoundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragmwall地下連續(xù)墻截水墻frictionpile摩擦樁end一bearingpile端承樁（pile）shaft樁身waveequationanalysis波動(dòng)方程分析7.pilecaps承臺(tái)（樁帽）bearingcapacityofsinglepile單樁承載力lateralpileloadtest單樁橫向載荷試驗(yàn)ultimatelateralresistanceofsinglepile單樁橫向極限承載力staticloadtestofpile單樁豎向靜荷載試驗(yàn)verticalallowableloadcapacity單樁豎向容許承載力lowpilecap低樁承臺(tái)high—risepilecap高樁承臺(tái)verticalultimateupliftresistanceofsinglepile單樁抗拔極限承載力silentpiling靜力壓樁upliftpile抗拔樁anti—slidepile抗滑樁pilegroups群樁efficiencyfactorofpilegroups群樁效率系數(shù)(n)efficiencyofpilegroups群樁效應(yīng)dynamicpiletesting樁基動(dòng)測(cè)技術(shù)finalset最后貫入度dynamicloadtestofpile樁動(dòng)荷載試驗(yàn)pileintegritytest樁的完整性試驗(yàn)pilehead=butt樁頭piletip=pilepoint=piletoe樁端(頭)pilespacing樁距pileplan樁位布置圖arrangementofpiles=pilelayout樁的布置groupaction群樁作用endbearing=tipresistance樁端阻skin(side)friction=shaftresistance樁側(cè)阻pilecushion樁墊piledriving(byvibration)打樁(振動(dòng))pilepullingtest拔樁試驗(yàn)pileshoe樁靴pilenoise打樁噪音pilerig打樁機(jī)八．地基處理(groundtreatment)technicalcodeforgroundtreatmentofbuilding建筑地基處理技術(shù)規(guī)范cushion墊層法preloading預(yù)壓法dynamiccompaction強(qiáng)夯法dynamiccompactionreplacement強(qiáng)夯置換法vibroflotationmethod振沖法sand-gravelpile砂石樁pile—stonecolumn砂石樁cement—flyash—gravelpile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石樁cementmixingmethod水泥土攪拌樁cementcolumn水泥樁limepile(limecolumn)石灰樁jetgrouting高壓噴射注漿法rammed—cement—soilpile夯實(shí)水泥土樁法lime-soilcompactionpile灰土擠密樁lime—soilcompactedcolumn灰土擠密樁limesoilpile灰土擠密樁chemicalstabilization化學(xué)加固法surfacecompaction表層壓實(shí)法surchargepreloading超載預(yù)壓法vacuumpreloading真空預(yù)壓法sandwick袋裝砂井geofabric，geotextile土工織物compositefoundation復(fù)合地基reinforcementmethod加筋法dewateringmethod降低地下水固結(jié)法freezingandheating冷熱處理法expansivegroundtreatment膨脹土地基處理groundtreatmentinmountainarea山區(qū)地基處理collapsibleloesstreatment濕陷性黃土地基處理artificialfoundation人工地基naturalfoundation天然地基pillow褥墊softclayground軟土地基sanddrain砂井rootpile樹根樁plasticdrain塑料排水帶stonecolumn碎石樁gravelpile碎石樁replacementratio(復(fù)合地基)置換率九．固結(jié)consolidationTerzzaghi'sconsolidationtheory太沙基固結(jié)理論Barraon'sconsolidationtheory巴隆固結(jié)理論Biot'sconsolidationtheory比奧固結(jié)理論overconsolidationration(OCR)超固結(jié)比overconsolidationsoil超固結(jié)土excessporewaterpressure超孔壓力multi—dimensionalconsolidation多維固結(jié)one-dimensionalconsolidation一維固結(jié)primaryconsolidation主固結(jié)secondaryconsolidation次固結(jié)degreeofconsolidation固結(jié)度consolidationtest固結(jié)試驗(yàn)consolidationcurve固結(jié)曲線

timefactorTv時(shí)間因子coefficientofconsolidation固結(jié)系數(shù)preconsolidationpressure前期固結(jié)壓力principleofeffectivestress有效應(yīng)力原理consolidationunderK0conditionK0固結(jié)十．抗剪強(qiáng)度十．抗剪強(qiáng)度shearstrengthundrainedshearstrengthundrainedshearstrength不排水抗剪強(qiáng)度residualstrength殘余強(qiáng)度long-termstrength長(zhǎng)期強(qiáng)度peakstrength峰值強(qiáng)度shearstrainrate剪切應(yīng)變強(qiáng)度dilatation剪脹effectivestressapproachofshearstrength剪脹抗剪強(qiáng)度有效應(yīng)力法totalstressapproachofshearstrength抗剪強(qiáng)度總應(yīng)力法Mohr—Coulombtheory莫爾－庫(kù)侖理論angleofinternalfriction內(nèi)摩擦角cohesion粘聚力failurecriterion破壞準(zhǔn)則vanestrength十字板抗剪強(qiáng)度unconfinedcompression無(wú)側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度effectivestressfailureenvelop有效應(yīng)力破壞包線effectivestressstrengthparameter本構(gòu)模型constitutivemethod本構(gòu)模型constitutivemethodelasticmodel彈性模型elasticmodel彈性模型nonlinearelasticmodel非線性彈性模型elastoplasticmodel彈塑性模型viscoelasticmodel粘彈性模型boundarysurfacemodel邊界面模型Duncan—Changmodel鄧肯－張模型rigidplasticmodel剛塑性模型capmodel蓋帽模型worksoftening加工軟化workhardening加工硬化Cambridgemodel劍橋模型idealelastoplasticmodel理想彈塑性模型Mohr—Coulombyieldcriterion莫爾－庫(kù)侖屈服準(zhǔn)則yieldsurface屈服面elastichalf-spacefoundationmodel彈性半空間地基模型elasticmodulus彈性模量Winklerfoundationmodel文克爾地基模型十二.地基承載力bearingcapacityoffoundationsoilpunchingshearfailure沖剪破壞generalshearfailure整體剪切破化localshearfailure局部剪切破壞stateoflimitequilibriumpunchingshearfailure沖剪破壞generalshearfailure整體剪切破化localshearfailure局部剪切破壞stateoflimitequilibrium極限平衡狀態(tài)criticaledgepressure臨塑荷載stabilityoffoundationsoil地基穩(wěn)定性u(píng)ltimatebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基極限承載力allowablebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基容許承載力十三.土壓力earthpressureactiveearthpressure主動(dòng)土壓力passiveearthpressure被動(dòng)土壓力earthpressureatrest靜止土壓力Coulomb'searthpressuretheory庫(kù)侖土壓力理論Rankine'searthpressuretheory朗金土壓力理論十四.土坡穩(wěn)定分析slopestabilityanalysisangleofrepose休止角Bishopmethod畢肖普法safetyfactorofslope邊坡穩(wěn)定安全系數(shù)Felleniusmethodofslices費(fèi)紐倫斯條分法Swedishcirclemethod瑞典圓弧滑動(dòng)法slicesmethod十五.擋土墻retainingwallstabilityofretainingwall擋土墻穩(wěn)定性foundationwall基礎(chǔ)墻counterretainingwall扶壁式擋土墻cantileverretainingwall懸臂式擋土墻cantileversheetpilewall懸臂式板樁墻gravityretainingwall重力式擋土墻anchoredplateretainingwall錨定板擋土墻anchoredsheetpilewall錨定板板樁墻六.板樁結(jié)構(gòu)物sheetpilestructuresteelsheetpile鋼板樁reinforcedconcretesheetpile鋼筋混凝土板樁steelpiles鋼樁woodensheetpile木板樁timberpiles木樁十七。淺基礎(chǔ)shallowfoundationboxfoundation箱型基礎(chǔ)mat(raft)foundation片筏基礎(chǔ)stripfoundation條形基礎(chǔ)spreadfooting擴(kuò)展基礎(chǔ)compensatedfoundation補(bǔ)償性基礎(chǔ)bearingstratum持力層rigidfoundation剛性基礎(chǔ)flexiblefoundation柔性基礎(chǔ)embeddeddepthoffoundation基礎(chǔ)埋置深度netfoundationpressure基底附加應(yīng)力structure-foundation-soilinteractionanalysis上部結(jié)構(gòu)－基礎(chǔ)－地基共同作用分析十八.土的動(dòng)力性質(zhì)dynamicpropertiesofsoilsdynamicstrengthofsoils動(dòng)強(qiáng)度wavevelocitymethod波速法materialdamping材料阻尼geometricdamping幾何阻尼dampingratio阻尼比initialliquefaction初始液化naturalperiodofsoilsite地基固有強(qiáng)度dynamicshearmodulusofsoils動(dòng)剪切強(qiáng)度dynamicmagnificationfactor動(dòng)力放大因素liquefactionstrength抗液化強(qiáng)度dimensionlessfrequency無(wú)量綱頻率evaluationofliquefaction液化勢(shì)評(píng)價(jià)stresswaveinsoils土中應(yīng)力波dynamicsettlement振幅十九.動(dòng)力機(jī)器基礎(chǔ)equivalentlumpedparametermethod等效集總參數(shù)法dynamicsubgradereactionmethod動(dòng)基床反力法vibrationisolation隔振foundationvibration基礎(chǔ)振動(dòng)elastichalf—spacetheoryoffoundationvibration基礎(chǔ)振動(dòng)彈性半空間理論allowableamplitudeoffoundation基礎(chǔ)振動(dòng)頻率振幅naturalfrequencyoffoundation基礎(chǔ)自震頻率二十。地基基礎(chǔ)抗震earthquakeengineering地震工程soildynamics土動(dòng)力學(xué)durationofearthquake地震持續(xù)時(shí)間earthquakeresponsespectrum地震反應(yīng)譜earthquakeintensity地震烈度earthquakemagnitude震級(jí)seismicpredominantperiod地震卓越周期maximumaccelerationofearthquake地震最大加速度

二十一.室內(nèi)土工實(shí)驗(yàn)highpressureconsolidatio