Because和for的用法不同之處英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

Because和for的用法不同之處表示原因，可用because，for，since，as，now，that，seeingthat等從屬連詞。For是介乎并列連詞與從屬連詞之間的，現(xiàn)在我們把它放在從屬連詞中與because作比較說(shuō)明。because與for都可引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)分句，既可以表示“直接理由”，即對(duì)某一情況說(shuō)明原因：Wehurriedbecause/foritwasgettingdark.也可表示“直接理由”，即對(duì)說(shuō)話人為何持此看法說(shuō)明理由：Itmustbeverylate,because/forthestreetsarequitedeserted.在這里，because-/for-分句并不是為“天已很晚”這一事實(shí)說(shuō)明原因，而是為說(shuō)話人為何作此推斷提供理由，相當(dāng)于：Itmustbeverylate,andIclaimitbecause/forthestreetsarequitedeserted.言下之意，我之所以作此判斷，是因?yàn)榻稚弦呀?jīng)沒(méi)有人了。從以上意義來(lái)看，連詞for與because的用法基本相同，從而接近于從屬連詞，只是because比f(wàn)or語(yǔ)勢(shì)較強(qiáng)罷了。在當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中，凡是for與because可以互換的場(chǎng)合，通常用because為多，因?yàn)閒or-分句常見(jiàn)于正式語(yǔ)體，在非正式語(yǔ)體(特別是口語(yǔ)中)for-分句往往帶有書卷氣。另一方面，because與for的用法也有不同之處。第一，作為原因狀語(yǔ)，because-分句位置比較靈活，既可位于主句之前，也可位于其后。例如：Thedoctorlookstiredandsleepybecausehesatupallnightwiththepatient.Becausehesatupallnightwiththepatient,thedoctorlooksandsleepy.醫(yī)生徹夜守護(hù)病人，他看起來(lái)疲憊不堪。

Because和for的用法不同之處1，作為原因狀語(yǔ)，because-分句位置靈活，而for-分句只可在主句之后Thedoctorlookstiredandsleepybecausehesatupallnightwiththepatient.Thedoctorlookstiredandsleepy,forhesatupallnightwiththepatient.2，由because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)分句可以單獨(dú)用來(lái)回答why-問(wèn)句，而for-分句不行---Whydoesthedoctorlooksotiredandsleepy?---Becausehesatupallnightwiththepatient.3，作為原因狀語(yǔ)，because-分句可在because前帶否定詞或其他修飾語(yǔ)，還可帶某些并列連詞，而for-分句不可以Thedoctorlookstiredandsleepynotbecauseheisn’tfeelingwell,butbecausehesatupallnightwiththepatient.4，作為原因狀語(yǔ)，because-分句可作分裂句中心成分，而for-分句不行Itisbecausehesatupallnightwiththepatientthatthedoctorlookstiredandsleepy.5，連詞for可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)句子，為上文陳述的情況說(shuō)明原因或提供理由，而because-分句通常引導(dǎo)從屬分句，除用以回答why-問(wèn)句外不單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)WhenIsawherintheriver,Iwasfrightened.Foratthatpointthecurrentsweredangerous.在because，since，as這三個(gè)從屬連詞中，以because語(yǔ)勢(shì)最強(qiáng)，since次之，as又次之。Because通常表示“新信息”，即一種未知的原因，而since/as則表示已知原因。由于since/as分句通常表示已知原因，所以常常出現(xiàn)在句首，這也是它們與for-分句用法上不同的地方。Though和although同義，在一般情況下可以互換。但although比though語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈，常用以強(qiáng)調(diào)讓步概念HeinsistedondoingitalthoughIwantedhimnotto.當(dāng)讓步分句指一種臆想的情況時(shí)，通常用thoughThoughalltheworldwereagainstme,Ishouldstillholdtomyopinion.Thougheverybodydesertyou,Iwillnot.引導(dǎo)某些讓步狀語(yǔ)分句通常也只能用thoughDifficultthoughthetaskwas,theymanagedtocompleteitintime.Cleverthoughhewas,hefailedtheexam.He’swelcometocomewithus,itwon’tbetoomuchofastrainforhimtowalksofar.A,providedB.asifC.unlessD.since有些動(dòng)詞ing或ed形式可以用做連詞，引導(dǎo)原因、條件或讓步狀語(yǔ)分句，如seeingthat（鑒于，由于），consideringthat，providingthat，providedthat（假如，以…為條件），supposingthat（假如），giventhat（以…為條件），granted，grantingthat（假使），在許多情況下，that是不出現(xiàn)的。一些常見(jiàn)縮略語(yǔ)2G2ndGenerationMobileCommunicationsSystem第二代移動(dòng)通信系統(tǒng)3G，3GMS3rdGenerationMobileCommunicationsSystem第三代移動(dòng)通信系統(tǒng)3GPP3rdGenerationPartnershipProject第三代合作組織AAAAuthentication,Authorization,Accounting鑒權(quán)、授權(quán)、計(jì)費(fèi)ANSIAmericanNationalStandardInstitute美國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組織ASCIIAmericanStandardCodeforInformationInterchange美國(guó)信息交換標(biāo)準(zhǔn)碼ASPApplicationServerProcess應(yīng)用服務(wù)器進(jìn)程ASPAccessServiceProvider接入服務(wù)提供商ATMAsynchronousTransferMode異步傳輸模式BIOSBasicInputOutputSystem基本輸入輸出系統(tǒng)CDMACodeDivisionMultipleAccess碼分多址接入CPUCentralProcessingUnit中央處理器ADSL

asymmetricaldigitalsubscriberline非對(duì)稱數(shù)字用戶線路APEC

AsiaPacificEconomicCooperation亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)全作組織ATM

Automatedtellermachine

自動(dòng)提款機(jī)BBS

Aulletinboardservice電子公告牌服務(wù)CD

Compactdisc

激光唱片CD-ROMCompactdiscread-onlymemory只讀光盤CPA

Certifiedpublicaccountant注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師DNA

deoxyribonucleicacid

脫氧核糖核酸DVD

digitalvideodisc

數(shù)字激光視盤GDP

grossdomesticproduct

國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值GNP

grossnationalproduct

國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值GPS

globalpositioningsystem全球定位系統(tǒng)GRE

GraduateRecordExamination（美國(guó)等國(guó)家）研究生入學(xué)資格考試OPEC

organizationofthePetroleumExportingCountry石油輸出國(guó)組織RAM

random-accessmemory

隨機(jī)存取存儲(chǔ)器ROM

read-onlymemory

只讀存儲(chǔ)器SCI

sciencecitationindex

科學(xué)引文索引SOHO

Smalloffice,homeoffice居家辦公TOEFL

TestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage托福（美國(guó)對(duì)非英語(yǔ)國(guó)家留學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)考試）WAPWirelessAccessProtocol無(wú)線接入?yún)f(xié)議WAPWirelessApplicationProtocol無(wú)線應(yīng)用協(xié)議

IGO

inter-government

organization

政府間國(guó)際組織

LNG

liquified

natural

gas

液化天然氣LPG

liquified

petroleum

gas液化石油氣“失業(yè)”新說(shuō)careerchangeopportunitychemicalchangetransitionedoutplacementworkforceimbalancecorrectionvocationalrelocationindefiniteidlingexecutivecuttingforcereductionpersonalsurplusreductionreducingheadcountredundancyeliminationreleaseselectiveseparationcoercedtransitioninvoluntaryseparationnegotiateddeparturevoluntaryseverancevoluntaryterminationdecruitmentdegrowingdehiringdeselectiondownsizingrightsizing(調(diào)整規(guī)模)scheduleadjustmentskill-mixadjustmentworkforceadjustmentbage.g.Justsaythebosswaswillingtobaghim.Givesomebodythebag解雇某人；拒絕某人求婚DosomebodyoutofthejobPaysomebodyoff發(fā)清工資后解雇；算帳走人AnymoreofthisandI’llpayoffthewholebunchofyou.GetthebirdThissituationcanonlyleadtoyourcatchinglatertrainsandgettingthebirdattheoffice.BeputdownThemanagerhasbeenputdownformisconduct.BeforcedoutofofficeWalkingticket(walkingpapers;pinkslip)Twobaseballveteransgottheirwalkingtickettoday.WalkingordersMarchingordersWalktheplankRostow’sdeputywalkstheplank;Rostowhangsin.Explusion趕出或趕走；開(kāi)除BounceBumpGetthehookJustwhenhethoughthewasdoingsowell,hegotthehook.GivesomeonehisrunningshoesWhenheobjectedtothenewpolicytheygavehimhisrunningshoes.Brush-off解雇，尤指用粗暴的方式Layofftieacanto(on)someoneBestruckofftherolls開(kāi)除Hewillcertainlybestruckofftherollsifthisconductcontinues.Bustout因成績(jī)不佳而被學(xué)校開(kāi)除OustsbfromafirmousterEraseone’snamefromthelistBeexcommunicatedforBerelievedofone’spostCutdownthenumberofpersonsemployedReducethestaff漢語(yǔ)新詞譯例Thereisnomathematicswithoutplusorminus,whichholdsgoodfortranslation.------BayardTaylor一，增補(bǔ)詞義推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)push/fueleconomicgrowth老年大學(xué)collegeofcontinuingeducationfortheelderly發(fā)展兩岸關(guān)系，推進(jìn)祖國(guó)和平統(tǒng)一進(jìn)程developrelationsbetweenthetwosidesoftheTaiwanStraitsandpromotethepeacefulreunificationofthemotherland減負(fù)lightentheburdenofthestudents打假，打非，打拐crackdownoncounterfeiters/mount(launch)anattackoncounterfeitersmountanattackonillegalpublisherslaunchanattackonabductors(ofwomenandchildren)財(cái)務(wù)公開(kāi)keepthepublicinformedofthefinancialaffairs蘭州拉面Lanzhouhand-pullednoodles推向市場(chǎng)pushintomarketcompetition拉動(dòng)消費(fèi)stimulateconsumption消費(fèi)心理consumerpsychology與國(guó)際接軌gearoneselftointernationalconventions對(duì)內(nèi)搞活enliventhedomesticeconomy二，刪減飾詞醫(yī)德醫(yī)風(fēng)medicalethnics歪風(fēng)邪氣evilwindsandnoxiousinfluences/evilwinds居高臨下beatacommandingpost頭重腳輕betop-heavy三，補(bǔ)全文化差異野蠻裝卸therash-and-roughwayofloadingandunloading高考狀元thehighest-rankingstudentinentranceexaminationsforcollegeanduniversity/thebestcandidateforcollegeentranceexaminations養(yǎng)雞狀元thechampionchicken-raiser向病人索要紅包solicitunder-the-tablepaymentsfrompatients拒收病人的紅包refusetoacceptanycovertpaymentfrompatients四，避免“中式英語(yǔ)”，切忌想當(dāng)然失足青年youthwhohastakenawrongstepinlife內(nèi)耗losses(ofmanpowerandmaterialresources)ininternalstrife;in-fighting豆腐渣工程jerrybuiltproject;beancurdproject,sonamedbecausetheyfallaparteasily投資熱點(diǎn)popularinvestmentspot道德法庭conscienceforum釘子戶recalcitrant橫向經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系lateraleconomicties堡電話粥domarathontalkontelephoneEachlanguagehasitsowngenius…Ratherthanforcetheformalstructureofonelanguageuponanother,theeffectivetranslatorisquitepreparedtomakeanyandallformalchangesnecessarytoreproducethemessageinthedistinctivestructureformsofthereceptorlanguage.------E.A.Nida中小型企業(yè)smallandmedium-sizedenterprises高新技術(shù)newandhightechnology國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序anewinternationaleconomicorder霹靂舞breakdance量販店bulksalestore封閉式小區(qū)gatedcommunity過(guò)勞死karoshi討債公司debt-recoveryfirm珍珠奶茶tapiocamilktea;bubbletea聲訊電話pay-per-call露臍裝midriff-baringshirt;midriff;half-shirt假唱lip-sync搭售conditionalsale;tie-in一些常見(jiàn)搭配動(dòng)詞+介詞形式accountfor說(shuō)明(原因等)aimat瞄準(zhǔn)，針對(duì)allowfor考慮到appealto呼吁，要求arriveat達(dá)成，得出askafter詢問(wèn)，問(wèn)候askfor請(qǐng)求，要求attachto附屬于，隸屬于beginwith從開(kāi)始breakinto闖入breakoff斷絕，結(jié)束breakthrough突破breakup中止，結(jié)束；打碎，折斷bringabout帶來(lái)，造成bringdown打倒，挫傷；降低bringforth產(chǎn)生，提上bringforward提出bringout使出現(xiàn)；公布；出版bringup教育，培養(yǎng)，使成長(zhǎng)buildup積累；堵塞；樹(shù)立，逐步建立；增進(jìn)；鍛煉callfor邀請(qǐng)；要求；需求callforth喚起，引起；振作起，鼓起calloff放棄，取消catchat抓住(東西)callon/upon訪問(wèn)，拜訪；號(hào)召，呼吁callup召集，動(dòng)員；打電話carefor照管，關(guān)心；喜歡，意欲carryoff奪去carryon繼續(xù)下去；從事，經(jīng)營(yíng)carryout貫徹，執(zhí)行；實(shí)現(xiàn)cometo總計(jì)，達(dá)到；蘇醒，復(fù)原counton依靠；期待，指望countup把……相加coverup掩飾，掩蓋cutacross走捷徑，抄近路dealwith處理，對(duì)付，安排dowithout沒(méi)有……也行fillin/out填充，填寫getat得到，接近；意思是getinto進(jìn)入，陷入goafter追求gointo進(jìn)入；研究，調(diào)查gofor竭力想取得；喜愛(ài)；支持，擁護(hù)gothrough經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受；詳細(xì)檢查gowith伴隨，與……協(xié)調(diào)gowithout沒(méi)有……也行improveon改進(jìn)keepto保持，堅(jiān)持liein在于liveupto不辜負(fù)liveon/by靠……生活，以……為食livethrough度過(guò)，經(jīng)受過(guò)lookafter照管，照料lookat看望，注視lookfor尋找，尋求lookinto調(diào)查，觀察，過(guò)問(wèn)；窺視lookover檢查，查看，調(diào)查lookthrough仔細(xì)查看，瀏覽，溫習(xí)makefor走向，駛向；有助于occurto被想到，被想起playwith以……為消遣，玩弄referto參考，查閱，涉及，提到runfor競(jìng)選runinto撞上，偶然碰見(jiàn)seeto注意，負(fù)責(zé)，照料，修理sendfor派人去請(qǐng)，召喚；索取sendin呈報(bào)，遞交，送來(lái)serveas作為，用作setaside挑出，撥出，留出；拒絕sitfor參加standby支持，幫助；袖手旁觀standfor代替，代表，意味著standagainst反抗，抵抗stickto堅(jiān)持，忠于，信守takeafter與……相像takefor把……認(rèn)為是，把……看成是takein接受，吸收；了解，理解taketo喜歡，親近touchon關(guān)系到，涉及turninto變成turnto變成；求助于，借助于turnoff關(guān)上；出產(chǎn)；解雇動(dòng)詞+副詞形式breakdown損壞，分解，瓦解breakin闖入；打斷，插嘴breakout逃出；突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)bringto使恢復(fù)知覺(jué)burnout燒掉burnup燒起來(lái)，旺起來(lái)；燒完catchon理解，明白checkin辦理登記手續(xù)checkout結(jié)賬后離開(kāi)；檢驗(yàn)，核查checkup(on)校對(duì)，檢查，檢驗(yàn)cheerup使高興，使振奮clearaway掃除，收拾clearup收拾；澄清；放晴makeitclearthat弄清楚comeoff實(shí)現(xiàn)，成功，奏效comeon請(qǐng)，來(lái)吧，快點(diǎn)；開(kāi)始，出場(chǎng)，上演comeout出版；出現(xiàn)，顯露；結(jié)果是comeround(around)來(lái)訪，前來(lái)；蘇醒，復(fù)原comethrough經(jīng)歷，脫險(xiǎn)comeup走近，上來(lái)；發(fā)生，被提出crossout刪去，取消cutback削減，減少cutdown削減，降低cutin(汽車)搶道；插嘴，打斷cutoff切斷；刪去；停止cutout刪cutshort突然停止diedown漸漸消失，平息dieout消失，滅絕drawin(火車、汽車)到站drawup寫上，畫上；草擬；停住dressup穿上盛裝，打扮得很漂亮dropby/in順便來(lái)訪dryout干透，使干dryup干涸，枯竭dropoff減弱，減少dropout退出，離隊(duì)fallbehind落后fallout爭(zhēng)吵；結(jié)果是fallthrough落空，失敗feedin輸入findout查明getacross解釋清楚，使人了解getaround/round走動(dòng)，旅行；(消息)傳開(kāi)getaway逃脫，離開(kāi)getby通過(guò)，經(jīng)過(guò)getdown從……下來(lái)；寫下getin進(jìn)入；收獲，收集getoff從……下來(lái)；離開(kāi)，動(dòng)身，開(kāi)始getover克服；(從病中)恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)getthrough結(jié)束，完成；接通電話havegotto(do)不得不，必須gettogether集合，聚集getup起床；增加，增強(qiáng)giveaway泄露；分送giveback送還，恢復(fù)givein交上；投降，屈服giveoff放出，釋放giveout分發(fā)，放出giveup停止，放棄goahead開(kāi)始，前進(jìn)；領(lǐng)先goby過(guò)去godown下降，降低；被載入，傳下去gooff爆炸，發(fā)射；動(dòng)身，離開(kāi)goout外出；熄滅goover檢查，審查；復(fù)習(xí)，重溫goround/around足夠分配gounder下沉，沉沒(méi)；失?。黄飘a(chǎn)gothrough通過(guò)，審查，完成goup上升，增加；建起handdown流傳下來(lái)，傳給，往下傳handin交上，遞交handon傳下來(lái)，依次傳遞handout分發(fā)，散發(fā)，發(fā)給handover交出，移交，讓與hangabout閑蕩，徘徊，逗留hangback猶豫，躊躇，畏縮hangon抓緊不放；繼續(xù)下去hangup掛斷(電話)haveback要回，收回haveon穿著，戴著holdback躊躇，退縮；阻止，抑制holdon繼續(xù)，握住不放holdout維持，支持；堅(jiān)持，不屈服holdup舉起，阻擋，使停止；搶劫hurryup(使)趕快，迅速完成keepback阻止，阻擋；隱瞞，保留keepdown控制，壓制，鎮(zhèn)壓；壓低keepoff不接近，避開(kāi)keepup保持，維持；繼續(xù)，堅(jiān)持letdown放下，降低；使失望letin讓……進(jìn)入，放……進(jìn)來(lái)letoff放(煙，煙火)，開(kāi)(槍)letout放掉，放出，發(fā)出lineup排隊(duì)，使排成一行l(wèi)ookback回顧，回頭看lookout留神，注意，提防，警惕lookon旁觀，觀看；看待，視作lookup查閱，查考；尋找(某人)lookin順便看望makeout辨認(rèn)，區(qū)分；理解，了解makeoutof用……做，從……得出makeup構(gòu)成，拼湊；彌補(bǔ)，賠償；化裝mixup混淆，混合，搞糊涂passaway去世，逝世passoff中止，停止passto轉(zhuǎn)到，討論，傳到passout失去知覺(jué)，昏倒payback償還，回報(bào)payoff還清(債)paydown即時(shí)交付，用現(xiàn)金支付payup全部付清pickout選出，挑出，揀出；辨認(rèn)，辨別出pickup拾起，(偶然)得到；(車船)中途搭(人)，學(xué)會(huì)pulldown拆毀，拉倒；拉下，降低pullin(車)停下，進(jìn)站，船(到岸)pulloff脫(帽、衣)pullon穿，戴pullout拔出，抽出；(車、船)駛出pulltogether齊心協(xié)力pullup(使)停下putacross解釋清楚，說(shuō)明putaside儲(chǔ)存，保留putaway放好，收好；儲(chǔ)存putdown記下，放下；鎮(zhèn)壓，平定putforward提出putin駛進(jìn)puton穿上，戴上；上演；增加(體重)putout熄滅，關(guān)(燈)；出版，發(fā)布；生產(chǎn)putright改正(錯(cuò)誤)，整理putup提起，舉起，提(價(jià))；為……提供食宿，投宿r(nóng)ingoff掛斷電話rubout擦掉，拭去rundown撞倒，撞沉；追捕，追查runoff復(fù)印，打印runover略讀，略述；輾過(guò)，瀏覽，匆匆復(fù)習(xí)seeoff給……送行seethrough看穿，識(shí)破；干完，干到底setback推遲，延緩，阻礙setdown卸下，放下，記下，記入setforth闡明，陳述setoff出發(fā)，動(dòng)身；引起，使發(fā)生setout陳列，顯示；動(dòng)身，起程；制定setup創(chuàng)立，建立，樹(shù)立；資助，扶持showin領(lǐng)入showoff炫耀，賣弄showup使呈現(xiàn)，使醒目shutout排除sitin列席，旁聽(tīng)situp遲睡，熬夜speedup使加速standout突出，顯眼standup站起來(lái)，耐用stepup提高，加快，加緊stepin插入，介入stickout伸出，突出；堅(jiān)持到底，繼續(xù)takeaway消除；消耗takedown記下，寫下takeoff拿走，脫下；起飛takeon呈現(xiàn)；接納，承擔(dān)，從事takeover接管，接辦takeup占據(jù)；開(kāi)始；拿起，接收takeupwith和……交往，忍受，采用thinkover仔細(xì)考慮throwaway扔掉，拋棄touchup潤(rùn)色，改進(jìn)turndown擰小，調(diào)低；拒絕turnin交出，上繳；轉(zhuǎn)身進(jìn)入turnoff關(guān)掉，斷開(kāi)；拐彎，叉開(kāi)turnon接通，打開(kāi)turnout制造，生產(chǎn)；結(jié)果是turnover翻過(guò)來(lái)；移交，轉(zhuǎn)交turnup開(kāi)大；出現(xiàn)；來(lái)到；發(fā)生useup用完，花完warmup變熱wearoff逐漸消失wearout用破；耗盡，使精疲力竭whileaway消磨(時(shí)間)wipeout擦去，抹去；消滅，毀滅workout解決，算出；弄懂，制定出workup引起，激起；逐漸上升workon從事于，努力做writeoff報(bào)廢，勾銷，注銷后接動(dòng)名詞的固定搭配aimat目的在于，旨在；瞄準(zhǔn)accuse...of...控告；譴責(zé)dependon取決于devoteto奉獻(xiàn)，致力engagein從事于，忙著；訂婚feellike欲，想要g